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SUMMARY Twenty-five Thoroughbred (TB) and 25 Standardbred (SB) stables were visited to determine their feeding practices. The ingredients of the main feed of the day for a mature gelding of average size in full training were weighed at each stable. Nutrient content of diets was calculated using published data for the individual ingredients. Results are expressed as mean±sd. The estimated body weight of TB horses was 493±34 kg and 437±32 kg for SB horses. There was considerable variation in diet composition and nutrient intake between stables. The TB trainers fed 11.0±2.4 kg and SB trainers 11.8±2.5 kg per day. The concentrate component of the diet weighed 7.8±1.6 and 7.7±2.3 kg for TB and SB stables, respectively, and the roughage component for TB horses 3.3±1.4 and SB horses 4.1±1.4 kg per day. The digestible energy intake of horses at TB stables was 129±29 MJ per day and at SB stables 132±31 MJ per day. Crude protein intake of TB horses was 1452±363 g and SB horses 1442±338 g per day. There were differences in some feeding practices at TB and SB stables. Standardbred trainers fed more roughage than TB trainers. Standardbred trainers fed chaffed lucerne (alfalfa) and cereal hays as the major roughage, whereas TB trainers fed more hay. The major hay type fed by TB trainers was lucerne, whereas many SB trainers preferred clover hay. Both trainers fed oats as the major grain, but TB trainers fed slightly more maize (corn) than SB trainers. The SB trainers fed barley as part of the concentrate component of the diet, whereas TB trainers usually fed boiled barley and linseed oil in winter only. Although many trainers used vitamin and mineral supplements, this appeared unnecessary in many Instances, especially with respect to Iron. Calcium and NaCI supplementation was necessary for some diets. We concluded that while there was a wide range in feed intake and diet composition for both TB and SB horses, average nutrient intakes were similar to National Research Council (1989) recommendations for horses performing intense work. 相似文献
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吳仲賢 《中国农业大学学报》1956,(2)
一.緒言現行的役馬飼養標準,為數甚多。由於工作的計算困難,大都祇對於某種農業情况,加以大約的估計,因此用量的大小極不一致,而又無適當可行的辦法加以比較,以便抉擇。此中情況,林敦氏(1950)有言,"最好的方法是按照下述的辦法來飼養,如感覺馬的體情退化則增加飼量,如馬有長肥的傾向則減少之"。同樣波波夫亦謂,"必須不斷地注意馬的體况,並根據觀察結果,經常調整馬的日糧"(1954)。似此,則役馬的飼養仍處於一種技術修養的狀態,談不到定額矣。本文的目的在提出一衡量工作的尺度,根據此尺度,測驗各家的標準,並從而求出一比較合理的標準,此標準不但要按照飼養乳牛的辦法,計役授糧,而且要應用簡便,易於實行。此外,不同輕重及種類的工作,經測定各種的常數以後,亦可以納入本方法之中,俟一一論及之。 相似文献
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IG Langstaff JS McKenzie WL Stanislawek CEM Reed R Poland SC Cork 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(3):160-165
AIM: To determine if migratory birds arriving in New Zealand in the Southern Hemisphere spring of 2004 were infected with the highly pathogenic avian influenza (AI) virus, H5N1. METHODS: Cloacal and faecal samples were collected from migratory red knots following their arrival in New Zealand in October 2004. Two species of resident sympatric birds, wrybill and mallard duck, were sampled prior to, and following, the arrival of migratory birds. RESULTS: No AI viruses were isolated from migratory or resident shorebirds. Non-pathogenic AI viruses were isolated from six resident mallard ducks, comprising the endemic subtypes H4 (n=2), H7 (non-pathogenic), H10, and H11 (n=2). CONCLUSIONS: Highly pathogenic AI H5N1 virus was not detected in migratory shorebirds or sympatric water birds in the Firth of Thames, New Zealand, in 2004-2005, despite the possible proximity of migratory birds to outbreaks of the disease in East Asia in 2004. 相似文献
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Pearce PD Ansari HA Maher DW Amarante MR Monro TL Hendrikse WL 《New Zealand veterinary journal》1997,45(2):69-71
A Robertsonian centric fusion between chromosomes 1 and 25 in Blonde d'Aquitaine cattle in New Zealand is reported. This fused chromosome is the same as the widely reported 1/29 translocation chromosome with the difference in the numbering arising from inconsistencies in the G and R-banded cattle karyotypes of the International System for Cytogenetic Nomenclature of Domestic Animals, 1989. 相似文献
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Equine amnionitis and fetal loss: The case definition for an unrecognised cause of abortion in mares
KH Todhunter NR Perkins RM Wylie C Chicken AJ Blishen DJ Racklyeft G Muscatello MC Wilson PL Adams JR Gilkerson WL Bryden AP Begg 《Australian veterinary journal》2009,87(1-2):35-38
A series of abortions occurred in mares in New South Wales during 2004 that involved similar and unusual findings on post mortem examination of aborted fetuses and fetal membranes. The term Equine Amnionitis and Fetal Loss (EAFL) was developed to describe the condition. This form of abortion had not been previously recognised in Australia. The pathology alone is not specific for EAFL and diagnosis requires demonstration of a combination of certain pathological and bacteriological features. The purpose of this paper is to describe patterns considered consistent with EAFL cases as a working case definition for use by veterinarians and veterinary pathologists in identifying future cases of EAFL. More detailed papers are in preparation to fully describe the epidemiological, histopathological, and microbiological aspects of EAFL. 相似文献
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Ciera M. Kinley Maas Hendrikse Alyssa J. Calomeni Tyler D. Geer John H. RodgersJr 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2018,229(5):167
Microcystins (MCs) are endotoxins produced by cyanobacteria in freshwaters globally. With known potential for human health risks, rapid and effective treatment methods are needed for MCs. Previous studies have shown photocatalysis can achieve rapid half-lives with UV lamps and slurries of TiO2. In this experiment, rates and extents of solar photocatalysis of MCs were measured using bench-scale reactors with fixed films of TiO2 for solutions with a range of cellular:aqueous MC ratios. Since cellular MCs can be removed physically, photocatalysis rates were measured following sand filtration to discern the extent of MC removal post-filtration. Since UV energy drives photocatalysis using TiO2, rates of removal were calculated as a function of cumulative UV insolation and time. For water containing < 10% aqueous MC, filtration removed 90% of total MC, and the subsequent photocatalysis half-life was 0.37 MJ/m2 (or 111 min). For water with ~?50% aqueous MCs, filtration removed 52% of the total MCs, and the average half-life for photocatalysis was 0.38 MJ/m2 (or 138 min). For the >?90% aqueous MC treatment, filtration removed 0% MCs, and the photocatalysis half-life for MCs was 0.37 MJ/m2 (or 135 min). Previous studies have used clarified waters; however, results from this study are likely representative of scenarios with waters containing confounding water characteristics and use of solar light for UV, as anticipated in developing countries with less advanced water treatment methods. Photocatalysis is a rapid and effective process for decreasing concentrations of MCs and could be useful for mitigating risks from MC exposures in drinking water. 相似文献