Pigeonpea improvement: An amalgam of breeding and genomic research     

Sameer Kumar Chanda Venkata  Ganga Rao Nadigatla Veera Prabha Rama  Rachit K. Saxena  Kulbhushan Saxena  Hari D. Upadhyaya  Moses Siambi  Said N. Silim  Kothapally Narasimha Reddy  Anupama J. Hingane  Mamta Sharma  Shivali Sharma  Stephen Dominic Lyimo  Rose Ubwe  Meshack Makenge  Kananji Gad  Paul Kiprotich Kimurto  Manuel Amane  Kennedy Kanenga  Yuventino Obong  Emanuel Monyo  Chris Ojiewo  Nagesh Kumar Mallela Venkata  Jaganmohan Polineni Rao  Prashanthi Lakkireddy  Sudhakar Chourat  Indraprakash Singh  Sobhan Sajja  Shruthi Hirikara Beliappa  Rajeev K. Varshney 《Plant Breeding》2019,138(4):445-454

In the past five decades, constant research has been directed towards yield improvement in pigeonpea resulting in the deployment of several commercially acceptable cultivars in India. Though, the genesis of hybrid technology, the biggest breakthrough, enigma of stagnant productivity still remains unsolved. To sort this productivity disparity, genomic research along with conventional breeding was successfully initiated at ICRISAT. It endowed ample genomic resource providing insight in the pigeonpea genome combating production constraints in a precise and speedy manner. The availability of the draft genome sequence with a large‐scale marker resource, oriented the research towards trait mapping for flowering time, determinacy, fertility restoration, yield attributing traits and photo‐insensitivity. Defined core and mini‐core collection, still eased the pigeonpea breeding being accessible for existing genetic diversity and developing stress resistance. Modern genomic tools like next‐generation sequencing, genome‐wide selection helping in the appraisal of selection efficiency is leading towards next‐generation breeding, an awaited milestone in pigeonpea genetic enhancement. This paper emphasizes the ongoing genetic improvement in pigeonpea with an amalgam of conventional breeding as well as genomic research.  相似文献   

Effects of anti-inflammatory drugs on lipopolysaccharide-challenged and -unchallenged equine synovial explants     

Moses VS  Hardy J  Bertone AL  Weisbrode SE 《American journal of veterinary research》2001,62(1):54-60

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of anti-inflammatory drugs on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-challenged and -unchallenged equine synovial membrane in terms of production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and hyaluronan, viability, and histomorphologic characteristics. SAMPLE POPULATION: Synovial membranes were collected from the carpal, tarsocrural, and femoropatellar joints of 6 adult horses. PROCEDURE: Synovial membranes from each horse were minced and pooled and explants were treated with one of the following: no drug (control), drug, LPS alone, or LPS and drug. Treatment drugs were phenylbutazone (PBZ), flunixin meglumine (FNX), ketoprofen (KET), carprofen (CRP), meloxicam (MEL), low-concentration methylprednisolone (METH), high-concentration METH, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), or an experimental COX-2 inhibitor (dissolved in DMSO). Following 48 hours of culture, medium was assayed for PGE2 and hyaluronan concentration. Synovial explants were assessed for viability and histomorphologic characteristics. RESULTS: For the LPS-challenged explants, PBZ, FNX, KTP CRF MEL, and low-concentration METH suppressed PGE2 production, compared with LPS challenge alone. Only MEL suppressed PGE2 production from LPS-challenged explants, compared with unchallenged explants. Synovial explants maintained > 90% viability and there was no significant difference in viability or hyaluronan production among explants. Histomorphologic scores were significantly decreased for explants treated with low-concentration METH or DMSO. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: PBZ, FNX, KTP, CRFP MEL, and low-concentration METH suppressed PGE2 production in LPS-challenged explants. Meloxicam appeared to have more selective suppression of COX-2 activity. Histomorphologic scores suggest detrimental effects of METH, DMSO, and the experimental COX-2 inhibitor. Commonly used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs suppress induced synovial membrane PGE2 production without detrimental effects on synovial membrane viability and function.  相似文献   

The activity of amitraz against infestations of Rhipicephalus appendiculatus     

A. J. Barry Haigh  Moses M. Gichang 《Pest management science》1980,11(6):674-678

Tick-infested adult cattle were hand sprayed with solutions containing 178 or 250 mg amitraz litre^?1, prepared from a miscible oil concentrate formulation. Both concentrations achieved clearance of infestation within 7 h of spraying. All stages of tick, collected from both sprayings, subsequently died with the exception of two engorged nymphs, which moulted successfully, and six half-fully engorged females, which all laid small batches of eggs. The eggs from the ticks treated at the higher rate failed to hatch. Expulsion of adult Rhipicephalus appendiculatus, applied daily to a single bovine which had been sprayed once at the higher rate, ceased on the 11th day after spraying. All ticks expelled from the animal died within 24 h. First feeding on the animal was visible on day-13 and fully engorged females were first observed 18 days after spraying.  相似文献   

Esophageal motility dysfunction in cats: a study of 44 cases     

Moses L  Harpster NK  Beck KA  Hartzband L 《Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association》2000,36(4):309-312

A retrospective study evaluated cases of feline esophageal dysfunction. Cats identified had contrast esophagrams performed during a six-year period. Of 56 cases undergoing esophagography, 51 had complete records available for review. Forty-four cases were felt to be abnormal and were included in the study. Cases were analyzed for signalment, presenting complaints, and identifiable causes of abnormal esophageal motility. Response to treatment and case outcome were also reviewed. The signalment of the cases varied widely, especially in age. The occurrence of esophageal motility dysfunction was low, comprising only 0.05% of all feline cases seen in a six-year period. Forty-three percent of cases were considered idiopathic, and 57% were congenital or diagnosed with conditions known to cause esophageal motility dysfunction. The causative disease states included myasthenia gravis, mediastinal masses, vascular ring anomalies, dysautonomia, and esophageal stricture. Seventy-eight percent of those treated with medical therapy (i.e., combinations of sucralfate, H2 receptor antagonists, and either metoclopramide or cisapride) showed clinical improvement.  相似文献   

The role of land tenure in conservation of tree and shrub species diversity in miombo woodlands of southern Malawi     

Weston F. Mwase  Åsmund Bjørnstad  James M. Bokosi  Moses B. Kwapata  Brita Stedje 《New Forests》2007,33(3):297-307

Biodiversity is declining throughout southern African miombo woodlands due to poor land use practices that are detrimental to soil, vegetation and habitat. We aimed at examining tree and shrub species diversity and distribution in Uapaca kirkiana-dominated woodlands under three land tenure types; forest reserves, customary and leasehold land. The study was conducted at different forest sites within similar agroecological zone in southern Malawi. Study sites were located at a range of altitudes between 900 and 1,200 m a.s.l. Three circular plots each with 32.60 m radius were established at each study site to sample tree and shrub species composition, structure and distribution under three land tenure types. We found that forest reserves had higher species diversity with an average of 16 tree families, 27 genera and 34 species as compared to only 10 tree families, 6 genera and 6 species on customary forest lands. Comparisons of diameter at breast height size class distributions showed that customary land had significantly low numbers of small (5.0–10.0 cm) and very large (≥30 cm) diameter classes suggesting lower levels of regeneration and high rate of anthropogenic activities. The high species diversity and richness in forest reserves and leasehold land indicate high potential for protected lands to restore tree species diversity. It is concluded that levels of human activities as influenced by land tenure type reduce tree species diversity, composition and distribution at the different sites, and this confirms the hypothesis that open access lands are not compatible with conservation of tree and shrub species diversity because of high anthropogenic activities.  相似文献   

Balloon occlusion of the caudal vena cava for vascular contrast studies as an aid to intravascular coil embolisation for the treatment of intrahepatic portosystemic shunts in three dogs          下载免费PDF全文

DA Cook  BJ Gavaghan  PA Moses 《Australian veterinary journal》2015,93(12):452-459

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Hepatic myelolipoma incarcerated in a peritoneopericardial diaphragmatic hernia in a cat     

RM Wouda  MD Chalkley  AR Fraser  PAE Moses 《Australian veterinary journal》2010,88(6):231-235

Hepatic myelolipoma incarcerated in a peritoneopericardial diaphragmatic hernia was diagnosed in an 11-year-old, desexed female Persian cat. The cat was initially referred for investigation of tachypnoea and dyspnoea. Peritoneopericardial diaphragmatic hernia is a common incidental finding in cats and is usually asymptomatic. Myelolipoma is an extremely rare benign tumour, composed of extramedullary haematopoietic cells and adipose tissue. Myelolipomas are hypothesised to result from metaplastic alteration, rather than a neoplastic process, although this theory cannot be substantiated. The present case is only the fourth report of such an unusual occurrence in cats and displays significant differences to previous reports. Hepatic entrapment and burgeoning of the mass within the pericardial sac resulted in cardiac tamponade and overt signs of right-sided cardiac failure. Surgical intervention was successful and despite concerns regarding the cat's clinical presentation and the gross appearance of the lesion(s), a good long-term outcome is anticipated.  相似文献   

The pH Stability of Viruses of Newcastle Disease and Fowl Plague     

Moses HE  Brandly CA  Jones EE 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1947,105(2731):477-479

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Scaling data on inter-nation action     

Moses LE  Brody RA  Holsti OR  Kadane JB  Milstein JS 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1967,156(3778):1054-1059

We conclude (i) that the marker-card method is as reliable a measure as the ordinary Q-sort method; (ii) that Q and the marker-card score are measuring very nearly the same thing-in this case, presumably conflict; and (iii) that the use of marker cards permits comparison of judgments about a given quantity in the context of different situations and may even permit comparison of results obtained by different research teams if the different teams use the same marker decks. A fundamental issue involved in scoring the entries on the cards in this study by either Q-sort or marker cards is the "judgability" of the items as indicators of conflict. We noted above that items with the highest variances in scoring, from judge to judge, were concentrated at the low-conflict end of the scale. A possible explanation is that judges are able to make finer distinctions concerning an attribute when it is present than when it is absent. Differences in scoring could also arise from a lack of unidimensionality in the attribute being scaled. If juidges find that conflict has several distinct aspects, the task of placing items in a single order becomes more difficult. Difficulties in making judgments also arose from the fact that the actions were being judged out of context, or in contexts that varied from judge to judge, since no standard context was supplied. But these difficulties lie outside our problem, which was to find an alternative to Q-sorting which would permit intersituational comparisons. Our sLIccess in finding an alternative is apparent in our results, but problems of judgability remain with both techniques. Beyond providing a standard for intersitLiational comparisons, the markercard technique has other advantages. It is possible that the use of marker decks will be of help in training judges to score such a variable as conflict. In our study it permitted identification of a judge inadequately trained to do so. Possibly the marker cards will be useful in assigning scale values to hatches of data too small for Q-sort, or even to individual items. It further appears that the marker cards should be useful in discriminating among highconflict items which heretofore would all have tended to appear in the top Q-sort category. The marker-card technique has given us a reliable alternative to Q-sort for scaling conflict. The method should be capable of extension to dimensions other than conflict.  相似文献   

Criminality and adoption     

L J Kamin  L E Moses  S A Mednick  W F Gabrielli  B Hutchings 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1985,227(4690):983-4,986,989

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