Comparative efficacy of moxidectin, an ivermectin/clorsulon combination and closantel against immature paramphistomes in cattle     

PF ROLFE  JC BORAY 《Australian veterinary journal》1993,70(7):265-266

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Britain's Pest Monitoring Network for Aphids and Moths1     

T. LEWIS 《EPPO Bulletin》1980,10(2):39-46

There is a need for continuous monitoring of insect populations to provide, in the short term, early warning of the presence of pests and, in the long term, to record and analyse faunal changes resulting from changes in agricultural practice and urbanisation, and the rate of spread of pests and resistance to pesticides. The Rothamsted Insect Survey examines aerial populations of two major insect groups throughout the year. Two hundred and sixty species of aphids are sampled daily at a height of 12 m by a grid of 21 suction traps. Early warning of the migration of 32 aphid species of economic importance is provided in weekly bulletins issued to farmers and advisers. This aerial sampling is generally cheaper, quicker and provides earlier warning of the presence of aphids than crop sampling. Six hundred species of moths are sampled by 195 light traps and the data are being used to assess the magnitude and reasons for seasonal, annual and long-term changes in the insect fauna, especially of pest species. The information on both insect groups is stored on magnetic tape and computerized maps are produced to illustrate the distribution in time and space of given species and as a research tool in studies on their population dynamics. The prospects and value of extending this system to continental Europe, and the help and expertise that Rothamsted could give in the eventuality, are outlined. Les populations dinsectes doivent dtre soumises à un recensement continu afin dassurer, à court terme, un avertissement précoce de la presence des ravageurs, et, à long terme, la possibilite d'enregistrer et d'analyser les changements qui interviennent dans la faune à la suite de I'evolution des pratiques agricoles et de I'urbanisation, et de déterminer la vitesse de dissémination des ravageurs ainsi que leur résitance aux pesticides. Le «Rothamsted Insect Survey » observe les populations de deux groupes d'insectes durant toute L'année. Deux cents soixante espèces de pucerons sont échantillonnées quotidiennement dans 21 localites differentes à L'aide de pièges à succion disposes a 12 m au-dessus du sol. Les exploitants et les conseillers sont avertis, par des bulletins hebdomadaires, des migrations de 32 espèces de pucerons d'importance économique. L'échantillonnage aérien semble être meilleur marché et plus rapide qu'un échantillonnage réalisé au niveau de la culture;de plus, il assure un avertissement plus précoce. Six cents espèces de lépidoptéres sont recensées au moyen de 195 piéges lumineux dans le dessein danalyser la magnitude et les causes des variations saisonnieres, annuelles, et à long terme surtout en ce qui concerne les ravageurs. Les données ainsi recueillies sont enregistrées sur bandes magnétiques et servent à L'etablissement de cartes à L'aide d'ordinateurs; ces cartes indiquent la distribution temporelle et spatiale de chaque espèce et constituent un élement important dans l'étude de la dynamique des populations. L'extension de ce réseau à L'Europe continentale présente deL'intérêt et la façon dont la Station de Rothamsted peut y apporter son soutien est exposée dans la présente communication.  相似文献   

Application of Trichoderma and Gliocladium in alginate pellets for control of Rhizoctonia damping-off   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

J. A. LEWIS  G. C. PAPAVIZAS 《Plant pathology》1987,36(4):438-446

Alginate pellets were prepared from wet fermentor biomass of 11 isolates of Trichoderma spp. and Gliocladium virens , with wheat bran as a food base carrier. Pellets with eight of the isolates reduced survival (34-78%) of Rhizoctonia solani in infested beet seed in soil. Pellets containing a T. harzianum isolate (Th-58) and a T. hamatum isolate (TRI-4) were the most effective. All isolates significantly reduced growth of the pathogen from infested beet seed into natural soil. Populations of isolates proliferated in soil to 10⁶−10¹¹ colony-forming units/g (cfu) from propagules within the pellets. Pellets with TRI-4 reduced pathogen survival and growth (>70%) in six different soils and were effective against six R. solani isolates in a natural loamy sand. Survival of R. solani in infested beet seed was not reduced when TRI-4 pellets were added to soil 1-6 weeks before the pathogen; however, saprophytic growth was prevented. Small amounts of biomass (3.0–7.5 g wet weight) in pellets were as effective as a large amount (300 g) in suppressing the pathogen. The storage of pellets for more than 6 weeks at 5 or 25C reduced their effectiveness against R. solani. Pellets prepared with four and three of the 11 isolates prevented damping-off of cotton and sugar beet in the greenhouse, respectively.  相似文献   

CYSTIC ENDOMETRIUM IN WESTERN AUSTRALIAN CATTLE     

R. I. THAIN M.R.C.V.S.    K. J. AUSTEN B.V.Sc.  P. B. LEWIS B.V.Sc. 《Australian veterinary journal》1968,44(6):295-296

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Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons,steroids and carcinogenesis     

YANG NC  CASTRO AJ  LEWIS M  WONG TW 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1961,134(3476):386-387

In addition to the electronic factors, there is a steric factor responsible for the carcinogenicity of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons. A carcinogenic polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon must bear steric resemblance to steroids. One possible implication to this requirement for carcinogenicity is that these hydrocarbons may act on the same sites as steroid hormones.  相似文献   

Manipulation of the Estrous Cycle in the Mare: Clinical Aspects     

PF Daels  B Besognet 《Reproduction in domestic animals》1998,33(3-4):101-102

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Liver biopsy techniques for adult horses and neonatal foals to assess copper status   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

SG PEARCE  EC FIRTH  ND GRACE  PF FENNESSY 《Australian veterinary journal》1997,75(3):194-198

Objective To evaluate standing, percutaneous, ultrasound-guided, transthoracic liver biopsy in mares, and transabdominal, laparoscopically-guided, liver biopsy under general anaesthesia in foals, as techniques for obtaining tissue for assessment of copper status. The techniques were evaluated with respect to ease of use and effect on the animal.
Procedure Twenty of 24 Thoroughbred mares and 21 of their foals were biopsied. The animals were part of a larger study of the effect of copper supplementation on copper status and the prevalence of developmental orthopaedic disease. Livers were also collected from unrelated horses and sampled to investigate the variability in the distribution of copper in liver tissue.
Result The biopsy technique caused no lasting effect on the mares, but there was an increased risk of viscus penetration associated with taking multiple biopsy cores. The use of ultrasonography to scan the target area for the liver identified four cases that were not appropriate candidates for liver biopsy, because of large intestine being located in the biopsy area. In the foals there were no serious postoperative adverse effects, nor was there any evidence of problems caused by the procedure when the abdomen was examined post-mortem at 5 months of age. In livers collected to investigate the variability of copper concentration, copper appeared to be relatively evenly distributed through the liver.
Conclusion Standing, percutaneous, ultrasound-guided, transthoracic liver biopsy in mares, and transabdominal, laparoscopically-guided, liver biopsy under general anaesthesia in foals are convenient procedures for obtaining liver tissue for assessing copper status in horses. The use of ultrasound to identify liver tissue is recommended, especially in older mares.  相似文献   

Characteristics of alginate pellets formulated with Trichoderma and Gliocladium and their effect on the proliferation of the fungi in soil   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

J. A. LEWIS  G. C. PAPAVIZAS 《Plant pathology》1985,34(4):571-577

Pelletized formulations of wheat bran or kaolin clay in an alginate gel containing conidia, chlamydospores, or fermentor biomass (FB) of several isolates of the biocontrol fungi Trichoderma spp. and Gliocladium virens were prepared. The ability of fungal propagules within the pellets to proliferate in soil was determined. Higher population densities were obtained when alginate pellets added to soil contained chlamydospores rather than condia, and bran rather than kaolin as the bulking agent. The active ingredient in pellets prepared from FB was approximately 5% biomass by weight and contained many chlamydospores. Colony-forming units (cfu) ranged from 10⁶'to 10¹⁰/g of soil after soil amendment with FB pellets of 12 Trichoderma and G. virens isolates. Population densities were high during the first 3 weeks of incubation and declined only gradually during 9 weeks. Propagules in FB pellets were more viable at 5° than at 25°C. Viability at 25°C remained high (> 70%) after 1 week, but declined to less than 10% after 24 weeks. Despite reduction in propagule viability in stored pellets, numbers of cfu formed after adding these pellets to soil were comparable with those formed from freshly prepared pellets.  相似文献   

Mechanical comparison of materials used for extra-capsular stabilisation of the stifle joint in dogs     

DD LEWIS  BK MILTHORPE  CR BELLENGER 《Australian veterinary journal》1997,75(12):890-896

Objective The mechanical properties of three materials (No. 2 polypropylene, No. 5 polybutilate-coated multifilament polyester and 18, 27 and 36 kg test monofilament nylon leader material) commonly used for extra-capsular stabilisation of the stifle in dogs with cranial cruciate ligament insufficiency were determined. The ability of No. 5 polybutilate-coated multifilament polyester and 36 kg test monofilament nylon leader material, when placed as extra-capsular sutures, to mitigate cranial drawer was evaluated in hindlimbs of cadavers. Design An in vitro mechanical study. Animals Seven pairs of hindlimbs harvested from adult greyhound dogs recently euthanased for other reasons. Procedure Samples of each material, including samples of 27 kg test leader material that had been sterilised by one of three methods (ethylene oxide, one or five cycles in an autoclave), were loaded to determine tensile and stress relaxation properties. The effect of cyclic loading on a No. 5 polybutilate-coated multifilament polyester and 36 kg test leader material was also determined. Using the harvested hindlimbs, cranial drawer was measured before and after transection of the cranial cruciate ligament and on the first and twelfth cycle following extra-capsular stabilisation with either No. 5 polybu-tilate-coated multifilament suture or 36 kg test leader material. Results Leader material was found to have the most suitable mechanical characteristics for use as extracapsular stabilisation of the cranial cruciate ligament deficient stifle. Of the sterilisation methods, ethylene oxide was found to have the least detrimental effects on the handling and material characteristics of the leader material. Stifles stabilised with 36 kg test leader material had significantly less drawer than those stabilised with No. 5 polybutilate-coated multifilament polyester suture. Clinical implications Monofilament nylon leader material would appear to have suitable mechanical properties for extra-capsular stabilisation of the cranial cruciate ligament deficient stifle. If possible the material should be sterilised using ethylene oxide.  相似文献   

Positive immunostaining of ovine congenital progressive muscular dystrophy with antibody against N- and C-terminal dystrophin     

H NAKADA  PF JACOBSEN  RD JOHNSEN  BA KAKULAS 《Australian veterinary journal》1990,67(7):271-272

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