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Ahna G. Brutlag DVM MS Lynn R. Hovda RPH DVM MS DACVIM Michael A. Della Ripa DVM DACVIM 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2011,21(4):382-386
Objective – To describe a case of corneal ulceration in a dog resulting from ocular exposure to the defensive spray of a walkingstick insect (Anisomorpha spp.). Case Summary – A 4‐year‐old, male Chihuahua in southeastern Louisiana presented to an emergency veterinary hospital approximately 20 hours after it was witnessed to have come in close proximity to a walkingstick insect. Within seconds of approaching the insect, the dog yelped, jumped backwards and developed lacrimation, blepharospasm, and periocular swelling of the left eye. Upon presentation, the dog was found to have blepharospasms and miosis of the left eye. Fluorescein stain was applied to the affected eye and diffuse corneal uptake of stain was noted. A diffuse superficial corneal ulceration was diagnosed and treated supportively with ocular flushing, topical antibiotics, ocular lubrication, and a 1% solution of ocular atropine, as well as systemic nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory agents. Clinical signs resolved 10 days after injury. New or Unique Information Provided – While most species of walkingstick insects are considered harmless, certain species in the southeastern United States have the ability to spray defensive venom at their predators. Upon ocular exposure to the venom, the victim may experience intense pain followed by blurred vision, conjunctivitis, keratitis, and corneal ulceration. To date, there is only 1 previous reported case of ocular exposure to walkingstick venom in a dog although both children and animals may be at higher risk for ocular exposure due to their curious nature and proximity in size to the insect. Superficial corneal and conjunctival damage can occur following direct exposure to the defensive chemical spray of the Northern and Southern Twostriped walkingstick insects found in the southeastern United States and may be considered a differential diagnosis in cases involving diffuse corneal ulceration. 相似文献
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Alberto L. Fernandez DVM Justine A. Lee DVM DACVECC Louisa Rahilly DVM DACVECC Lynn Hovda DVM RPH MS DACVIM Ahna G. Brutlag DVM MS Kristin Engebretsen PharmD DABAT 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2011,21(4):309-320
Objective – To review the use of IV lipid emulsion (ILE) for the treatment of toxicities related to fat‐soluble agents; evaluate current human and veterinary literature; and to provide proposed guidelines for the use of this emerging therapy in veterinary medicine and toxicology. Data Sources – Human and veterinary medical literature. Human Data Synthesis – Human data are composed mostly of case reports describing the response to treatment with ILE as variant from mild improvement to complete resolution of clinical signs, which is suspected to be due to the variability of lipid solubility of the drugs. The use of ILE therapy has been advocated as an antidote in cases of local anesthetic and other lipophilic drug toxicoses, particularly in the face of cardiopulmonary arrest and unsuccessful cardiopulmonary cerebral resuscitation. Veterinary Data Synthesis – The use of ILE therapy in veterinary medicine has recently been advocated by animal poison control centers for toxicoses associated with fat‐soluble agents, but there are only few clinical reports documenting successful use of this therapy. Evidence for the use of ILE in both human and veterinary medicine is composed primarily from experimental animal data. Conclusions – The use of ILE appears to be a safe therapy for the poisoned animal patient, but is warranted only with certain toxicoses. Adverse events associated with ILE in veterinary medicine are rare and anecdotal. Standard resuscitation protocols should be exhausted before considering this therapy and the potential side effects should be evaluated before administration of ILE as a potential antidote in cases of lipophilic drug toxicoses. Further research is waranted. 相似文献
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