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1.
Michel E Baglin A Auvergne M Catala C Samadi R Baudin F Appourchaux T Barban C Weiss WW Berthomieu G Boumier P Dupret MA Garcia RA Fridlund M Garrido R Goupil MJ Kjeldsen H Lebreton Y Mosser B Grotsch-Noels A Janot-Pacheco E Provost J Roxburgh IW Thoul A Toutain T Tiphène D Turck-Chieze S Vauclair SD Vauclair GP Aerts C Alecian G Ballot J Charpinet S Hubert AM Lignières F Mathias P Monteiro MJ Neiner C Poretti E de Medeiros JR Ribas I Rieutord ML Cortés TR Zwintz K 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2008,322(5901):558-560
Oscillations of the Sun have been used to understand its interior structure. The extension of similar studies to more distant stars has raised many difficulties despite the strong efforts of the international community over the past decades. The CoRoT (Convection Rotation and Planetary Transits) satellite, launched in December 2006, has now measured oscillations and the stellar granulation signature in three main sequence stars that are noticeably hotter than the sun. The oscillation amplitudes are about 1.5 times as large as those in the Sun; the stellar granulation is up to three times as high. The stellar amplitudes are about 25% below the theoretic values, providing a measurement of the nonadiabaticity of the process ruling the oscillations in the outer layers of the stars. 相似文献
2.
Classification of herbicides according to chemical family for weed resistance management strategies – an update 
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下载免费PDF全文 There are inaccuracies in the chemical families of the WSSA and HRAC herbicide classification systems which could limit their practical use in herbicide‐based weed management strategies. In essence, these inaccuracies could be divided into four parts: (i) the nomenclature of many of the chemical families is not correct, (ii) distinct active ingredients are grouped in same chemical families, (iii) many chemical families have been repeated in at least two modes of action/herbicide groups, and (iv) many active ingredients have not been assigned to chemical family, herbicide group or mode of action. The aim of this study was to revise the current classifications and to propose corrections for the current ones. Detailed investigations on chemical structure of the active ingredients of the registered herbicides showed that some moieties have the same mechanisms of action. According to this study, these moieties have been assigned to the names of chemical families and active ingredients are then classified within the chemical families accordingly. This study has 119 chemical families, compared with 145 in the WSSA system and 58 in the HRAC system. A major priority of this study is the number of active ingredients covered; we included 410 active ingredients with known mechanisms of action and herbicide groups, more than 100 active ingredients more than the current classification systems. Overall, this study provides better opportunities for the management of resistance to herbicides through the application of improved pure and applied knowledge. 相似文献
3.
J. Rajani B. Dastar F. Samadi M. A. Karimi Torshizi A. Abdulkhani S. Esfandyarpour 《British poultry science》2016,57(5):682-692
An in vitro and in vivo study was conducted to evaluate the fermentability of isolated galactoglucomannan oligosaccharides (GGMs) and the influence of their feeding on shedding and colonisation of Salmonella typhimurium, growth performance and intestinal morphology in broiler chicks.
The in vitro data demonstrated that three probiotic lactic acid bacteria namely Lactobacillus casei, L. plantarum and Enterococcus faecium were able to ferment the extracted oligosaccharides and other tested sugars on a basal de Man Rogosa Sharpe media free from carbohydrate.
For the in vivo experiment, 144 one-d-old male Ross 308 broiler chicks were divided into 6 experimental treatments (with 4 replicates) including two positive and negative controls which received a basal maize-soybean diet without any additives, supplementation of three levels of isolated GGMs (0.1%, 0.2% and 0.3%) and a commercial mannanoligosaccharide (MOS) at 0.2% to the basal diet. All birds except those in the negative control group were challenged orally with 1 × 108 cfu of S. typhimurium at 3-d post-hatch.
The results revealed that challenge with S. typhimurium resulted in a significant reduction in body weight gain, feed intake, villus height, villus height to crypt depth ratio and villus surface area in all of infected chicks. Birds that were given GGMs or MOS showed better growth performance, increased villus height and villus surface area and decreased S. typhimurium colonisation than the positive control birds. GGM at 0.2% level was more effective than the other treatments in improving growth rate as well as gut health of broiler chicks.
4.
The essential oil of Oliveria decumbens was investigated for its components and antimicrobial activity against six bacteria and two fungal strains. The essential oil was characterized by a high amount of oxygenated monoterpene components of which thymol (47.06%) and carvacrol (23.31%) were the major components. The oil exhibited high antimicrobial activity against all tested Gram+ and Gram- bacteria and fungal strains. 相似文献
5.
1. A study was conducted to evaluate the carcass composition of 1083 live birds using ultrasonic and morphological measurements and to estimate the genetic relationship between predicted and dissected carcass composition in Japanese quail.
2. Birds were reared for 35 d, and morphological measurements consisting of the length and width of breast muscle were recorded for all birds using a digital caliper. After slaughtering, the weight and percentage of carcass traits were measured on chilled carcasses. The dimensions of breast muscle were measured in 638 birds with an ultrasound scanner before slaughter at 35 d of age.
3. Genetic parameters from univariate and bivariate analyses were obtained by restricted maximum likelihood using ASREML software.
4. Genetic correlations between body weight at 35 d (BW35) and the percentage of carcass traits were low. Therefore, selection for BW35 may not effectively improve the yield of carcass components in Japanese quail.
5. High genetic correlations between carcass traits and ultrasonic measurements compared to morphological measurements suggest that the ultrasonic technique is a better method to improve breast weight and yield in Japanese quail. 相似文献
6.
Sanchez-Patan F Chioua M Garrido I Cueva C Samadi A Marco-Contelles J Moreno-Arribas MV Bartolome B Monagas M 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(13):7083-7091
The physiological significance of 5-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)-γ-valerolactone, an important metabolite derived from the catabolism of flavan-3-ols by gut microbiota, has been often overlooked due to the lack of the commercial standard. In the present work, this metabolite has been chemically synthesized, and its analytical parameters and antioxidant capacity have been determined in comparison to other chemical analogues [isomer 3-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)-δ-valerolactone and γ-valerolactone] and other structurally related compounds [(+)-catechin, (-)-epicatechin, and 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-propionic acid]. The synthesized compound was also used to perform a targeted analysis in samples collected during the in vitro fermentation of a grape seed flavan-3-ol extract with human fecal microbiota from three healthy volunteers. The time-course formation of 5-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)-γ-valerolactone revealed large interindividual differences among volunteers, with concentrations ranging from 3.31 to 77.54 μM at 10 h of fermentation. These results are further discussed in view of the scarce reports quantifying 5-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)-γ-valerolactone in in vitro fermentation studies, and pharmacokinetic and intervention studies. 相似文献
7.
Abbas Samadi 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2013,59(1):29-37
Determining potassium (K) fertilizer requirement using sorption isotherms is considered more accurate than conventional soil K tests. A total of 59 surface soil samples were used to establish K exchange isotherm. To evaluate K requirement sorption test, a glasshouse experiment using perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne, cv. Roper) was carried out on 10 soil samples. The experiment was laid out as a completely randomized design with four replications and four K levels (K0, K20, K40, K80). Concentrations of K in solution established by adding K in the pots estimated from the sorption curve ranged from 20 to 80 mg K l?1 including check treatment (no K). Dry matter yield of ryegrass in most soils approached maximum as adjusted K levels were increased to 20 mg K l?1. The amounts of K required to bring the soils to 20 mg l?1 in soil solution varied among soils and ranged from 99 to 399 mg kg?1, on average 205 mg kg?1 soil. It was found that a useful regression model for the prediction of standard K requirement (K20) included the combination of plant available K extracted by NH4OAc (Av-K) and clay content: K20 = ?41 ? 0.63 Av-K + 9.0 Clay (R2 = 0.61, p < 0.001, n = 59). 相似文献
8.
Abbas Samadi 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(8):1154-1167
One hundred-eighteen surface soil samples (59 samples from cultivated areas and 59 samples from virgin soils) were studied to ascertain if potassium (K) quantity-intensity (Q/I) parameters of the soils are being changed by long-term sugar beet cropping. Long-term cultivation resulted in a significant decline in the equilibrium activity ratio (ARe K) values from 0.012 to 0.0047 (moles/L)1/2 (a drop of 61%) and from 0.013 to 0.008 (a drop of 38%) in Typic calcixerpts and Typic endoaquepts, respectively. Paired t-test revealed that continuous sugar beet cultivation led to significant changes in the easily exchangeable K (ΔK0) values from ?0.69 to ?0.28 cmolc/kg (a rise of 59%) the Typic calcixerepts soils. The highest values for PBCK were associated with the soil types which had the greatest clay contents and smectite clay minerals. Results suggest that continuous sugar beet cropping caused a great decline in K supplying power of the soils. 相似文献
9.
1. Experiments were conducted to establish the requirements and optimal dietary ratio of lysine to threonine for fast growing male chickens (genotype Ross 308) depending on age, daily protein deposition and of dietary amino acid efficiency. 2. A total of 216 growing chickens were utilised in nitrogen-balance studies in three age periods (10 to 25 d; 30 to 45 d; 50 to 65 d) using graded levels of protein supply (60 to 360 g/kg crude protein) in lysine or threonine limiting diets. 3. Supplementation of crystalline amino acids (L-Lys, L-Thr, DL-Met and L-Arg) provided the following amino acid ratios: lysine limiting diets (Lys:Met + Cys:Thr:Arg = 1 : 1.01 : 0.91 : 1.14), threonine limiting diets (Lys : Met + Cys : Thr : Arg = 1 : 0.85 : 0.54 : 1.16). 4. The principles of the diet dilution technique using an exponential function were applied for the modelling of lysine and threonine requirements. For equal daily protein deposition, optimal lysine to threonine ratios 1 : 0.69 (10 to 25 d), 1 : 0.70 (30 to 45 d) and 1 : 0.74 (50 to 65 d) were established. 5. For the commercial growth period of fast growing chickens, the derived optimal lysine to threonine ratio was constant (1 : 0.69). The applied modelling procedure gave conclusions for quantitative requirements and optimal dietary lysine:threonine ratios in line with actual recommendations. 相似文献
10.
Abdolreza Bakhtoo Firooz Samadi Essa Dirandeh Marcos Colazo 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2021,56(4):621-628
The main objective was to investigate the effects of timed-AI protocols versus AI following oestrus detection on circulating progesterone (P4) and embryo survival after first service in Holstein cows. Cycling status was determined by ultrasonography and by plasma P4 concentrations 14 and 26 days after calving, and only cows with a corpus luteum and/or P4 ≥ 1 ng/ml were used. Cows were randomly allocated to one of three types of breeding: DO (n = 80), received GnRH-7d-PGF2α-3d-GnRH and Ovsynch56 was initiated 7 days later; G7G (n = 70), received PGF2α-2d-GnRH and Ovsynch56 (GnRH-7d-PGF2α-56h-GnRH-16h-AI) was initiated 7 days later; or AI based on oestrus detection, EDAI (n = 60). Progesterone was also determined at AI and 8, 16, 18 and 20 days after AI; ISG15 and MX2 mRNA abundance were determined 16 days after AI. Mean plasma P4 at AI was greater in the EDAI group compared with DO and G7G groups, while after AI, P4 was greater in DO and G7G groups compared with EDAI group. However, the percentage of cows with a concentration of P4 < 0.8 ng/ml at AI did not differ among groups. Relative mRNA abundance of ISG15 and MX2 was greater in the DO and G7G groups compared to those in EDAI group. Pregnancy per AI 16, 32 and 60 days after AI was greater (p < .05) in cows in the DO group compared with those in EDAI group (47.5%, 38.8% and 36.3% vs. 30.0%, 21.7% and 15.0%). Pregnancy losses between 16 and 60 days after AI were greater (p < .05) in cows in the EDAI (50.0%) group compared to those subjected to DO (23.7%) or G7G (24.1%). In conclusion, the use of timed-AI synchronization protocols resulted in greater circulating P4 concentrations post-AI and greater embryo survival following first service in lactating Holstein cows. 相似文献