A case of acute distal cyanosis during percutaneous catheterization of the dorsal metatarsal artery in a goose (Anser anser)          下载免费PDF全文

Samanta Waxman  Andrea S Zaccagnini  Santiago Fuensalida  Pablo Regner  Pablo E Otero 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2015,42(5):557-558

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Scientific analysis of indigenous techniques for guggal （Commiphora wightii） tapping in India     

Jatindra Nath Samanta Kunal Mandal 《林业研究》2014,25(3):695-700

Guggal, a threatened species that is endemic to western India, is tapped to extract medicinally important oleo–gum–resin(guggul). However, the plant dies after gum exudation. The indigenous tapping techniques used by local people were examined in Gujarat, India to discover the scientific basis behind these techniques: selection of gum inducer, season of tapping, and plant parts to be tapped. First, the presence of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. commiphorae(Xac) in the gum suspension used for tapping was established. This bacterium induces gum oozing from the tapped plants and later, causes them to die off. The population of Xac in gum was found to decrease with the age of the gum. With that, fresh gum increased the tapping success. Second, local people preferred tapping during the warm season, which we validated by determining that Xac growth was best at 30 °C. Tapping during September(mean temperature 25.7–30.0 °C) clearly favoured growth of the pathogen and yielded maximum guggul. Multiple tapping on a mature tree ensured maximum gum extraction before its death. Finally, application of indigenous technology under natural plant stands by the local people ensured availability of this important raw drug for consumption. Our study established that the age–old traditional methods have a strong scientific basis. However, it is imperative to formulate strategies based on contemporary scientific understanding to protect this natural resource before it becomes extinct.  相似文献   

Pharmacokinetics of a single intravenous dose of marbofloxacin in adult donkeys   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

González F  Rodríguez C  De Lucas JJ  Waxman S  San Andrés MD  Serres C  Nieto J  San Andrés MI 《The Veterinary record》2007,161(4):133-136

Six donkeys each received 2 mg/kg marbofloxacin as a 10 per cent aqueous solution administered intravenously. Principal pharmacokinetic parameters were determined and two efficacy indices were computed by using pharmacokinetic parameters and selected mic90 values of marbofloxacin against pathogenic equine strains to predict the efficacy of the drug at this dose. The pharmacokinetics of marbofloxacin in donkeys was characterised by a large mean volume of distribution at a steady state (1.15 [0.09] l/kg) and a long mean (sd) elimination half-life of 9.24 (1.96) hours. It was also characterised by a relatively slow total body clearance of 0.10 (0.02) l/kg/hour, slower than in horses. Using mic90 values of marbofloxacin against pathogenic equine strains with a daily dose of 2 mg/kg, appropriate values of efficacy indicators were obtained only for Enterobacteriaceae. Daily intravenous doses of 0.33, 2.62 and 20 mg/kg were calculated for evaluation in clinical trials of infections due to Enterobacteriaceae, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococci, respectively.  相似文献   

Pharmacokinetics of erythromycin in nonlactating and lactating goats after intravenous and intramuscular administration     

Ambros L  Montoya L  Kreil V  Waxman S  Albarellos G  Rebuelto M  Hallu R  San Andres MI 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2007,30(1):80-85

The objectives of this work were to compare the pharmacokinetics of erythromycin administered by the intramuscular (i.m.) and intravenous (i.v.) routes between nonlactating and lactating goats and to determine the passage of the drug from blood into milk. Six nonpregnant, nonlactating and six lactating goats received erythromycin by the i.m. (15 mg/kg) and the i.v. (10 mg/kg) routes of administration. Milk and blood samples were collected at predetermined times. Erythromycin concentrations were determined by microbiological assay. Results are reported as mean +/- SD. Comparison of the pharmacokinetic profiles between nonlactating and lactating animals after i.v. administration indicated that significant differences were found in the mean body clearance (8.38 +/- 1.45 vs. 3.77 +/- 0.83 mL/kg x h respectively), mean residence time (0.96 +/- 0.20 vs. 3.18 +/- 1.32 h respectively), area under curve from 0 to 12 h (AUC(0-12)) (1.22 +/- 0.22 vs. 2.76 +/- 0.58 microg x h/mL respectively) and elimination half-life (1.41 +/- 1.20 vs. 3.32 +/- 1.34 h); however, only AUC(0-12) showed significant differences after the i.m. administration. Passage of erythromycin in milk was high (peak milk concentration/peak serum concentration, 2.06 +/- 0.36 and AUC(0-12milk)/AUC(0-12serum),6.9 +/- 1.05 and 2.37 +/- 0.61 after i.v. and i.m. administrations respectively). We, therefore, conclude that lactation affects erythromycin pharmacokinetics in goats.  相似文献   

Isolation and characterization of Dichelobacter nodosus from ovine and caprine footrot in Kashmir, India     

Wani SA  Samanta I  Kawoosa S 《Research in veterinary science》2007,83(2):141-144

Footrot is a highly contagious and economically important disease of sheep and goats, caused by Dichelobacter nodosus, a slow growing anaerobic Gram-negative rod. The current Australian antigenic classification system, based on variation in the fimbriae, classifies D. nodosus into at least 10 serogroups (A-I and M) and 18 serotypes. This investigation was intended to determine the serological diversity of D. nodosus in this region of Kashmir, India. Exudates of footrot lesions were collected from 24 naturally infected sheep and 42 goats located in the Kashmir valley. Of these 66 samples, 24 yielded evidence of D. nodosus by PCR using 16SrDNA specific primers. Multiplex PCR using serogroup specific primers revealed the presence of serogroup B in all the samples except two, which showed the presence of serogroup E D. nodosus. This study also documents the isolation of D. nodosus and detection of serogroup E for the first time in India.  相似文献   

Selectivity of intracellular proteolysis: protein substrates activate the ATP-dependent protease (La)   总被引：19，自引：0，他引：19  

L Waxman  A L Goldberg 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1986,232(4749):500-503

A critical enzyme in protein breakdown in Escherichia coli is protease La (the lon gene product), which hydrolyzes proteins and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in a coupled process. The mechanism of this process was studied with fluorogenic tripeptides. Although proteins and peptides are degraded at the same active site, protein substrates enhance the ability of the enzyme to degrade these peptides two- to tenfold. Proteins that are not substrates had little or no effect. Thus, protein substrates must bind to protease La at two sites, the active site and an allosteric site whose occupancy enhances proteolytic activity. This effect did not require that the proteins themselves be degraded. Proteins could induce peptide breakdown even in the absence of ATP, and proteins and ATP had additive effects in stimulating peptidase activity. A multistep cyclical mechanism is proposed in which the binding of the substrate and ATP activates the protease. The enzyme can then cleave a peptide bond, but is inactivated through ATP hydrolysis. Such a mechanism may help account for the selectivity of protein breakdown and prevent inappropriate or excessive proteolysis in vivo.  相似文献   

Tick anticoagulant peptide (TAP) is a novel inhibitor of blood coagulation factor Xa   总被引：24，自引：0，他引：24  

L Waxman  D E Smith  K E Arcuri  G P Vlasuk 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1990,248(4955):593-596

A low molecular weight serine protease inhibitor (TAP) was purified from extracts of the soft tick, Ornithodoros moubata. The peptide is a slow, tight-binding inhibitor, specific for factor Xa (Ki = 0.588 +/- 0.054 nM). The inhibitor also acts as an anticoagulant in several human plasma clotting assays in vitro. Its amino acid sequence (60 residues) has limited homology to the Kunitz-type inhibitors. However, unlike other inhibitors of this class, TAP inhibits only factor Xa. It had no effect at a 300-fold molar excess on factor VIIa, kallikrein, trypsin, chymotrypsin, thrombin, urokinase, plasmin, tissue plasminogen activator, elastase, or Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease. TAP's specificity and size suggest that it may have therapeutic value as an anticoagulant.  相似文献   

Comment on "Drought-induced reduction in global terrestrial net primary production from 2000 through 2009"     

Samanta A  Costa MH  Nunes EL  Vieira SA  Xu L  Myneni RB 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,333(6046):1093; author reply 1093

Zhao and Running (Reports, 20 August 2010, p. 940) reported a reduction in global terrestrial net primary production (NPP) from 2000 through 2009. We argue that the small trends, regional patterns, and interannual variations that they describe are artifacts of their NPP model. Satellite observations of vegetation activity show no statistically significant changes in more than 85% of the vegetated lands south of 70°N during the same 2000 to 2009 period.  相似文献   

A clinical comparison of remifentanil or alfentanil in propofol-anesthetized cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy     

Padilha ST  Steagall PV  Monteiro BP  Kahvegian MA  Ubukata R  Rodrigues EO  Rosa AL  Aguiar AJ 《Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery》2011,13(10):738-743

Sixteen cats were used to compare the cardiovascular and anesthetic effects of remifentanil (REMI) or alfentanil (ALF) in propofol-anesthetized cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy. After premedication with acepromazine, anesthesia was induced and maintained with a constant rate infusion of propofol (0.3 mg/kg/min). REMI or ALF infusions were administered simultaneously with propofol. Heart rate (HR), systolic arterial pressure (SAP), pulse oximetry (SpO(2)), rectal temperature (RT), and response to surgical stimulation were recorded at predefined time points during anesthesia. Data [mean±standard deviation (SD)] were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) for repeated measures followed by a Dunnett's test and Student t-test (P<0.05). SAP was significantly lower in ALF group than in REMI group. Extubation time was significantly shorter in REMI than in ALF group. Overall infusion rate of REMI and ALF was 0.24±0.05 μg/kg/min and 0.97±0.22 μg/kg/min, respectively. The combination of propofol and REMI or ALF provided satisfactory anesthesia in cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy.  相似文献   

Escherichia coli O4:NM associated with an outbreak of calf diarrhoea     

Wani SA  Bhat MA  Samanta I  Nishikawa Y  Buchh AS 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2005,169(2):300-302

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