Oral fowlpox vaccination in chickens.     

J Jieyuan  P B Spradbrow 《Zentralblatt für Veterin?rmedizin. Reihe B. Journal of veterinary medicine. Series B》1992,39(5):388-390

Chickens were given various fowlpox vaccines on food pellets--a commercial vaccine (strain M), and the same strain after a single passage on chorio-allantoic membrane or in chicken embryo fibroblasts. All three oral vaccines induced antibodies at levels similar to those induced by commercial strain M administered to the wingweb. The oral vaccine derived from chorio-allantoic membrane gave protection similar to that obtained with vaccine administered by the wingweb, but this required a thousandfold more virus.  相似文献   

Book Review     

PB Tucak 《Australian veterinary journal》2005,83(6):346-346

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NEO-NATAL MORTALITY OF PUPPIES IN QUEENSLAND CAUSED BY CANINE HERPESVIRUS INFECTION     

D. A. Watt  M.V.Sc.  P. B. Spradbrow  B.V.Sc. J. L. Lamberth  M.V.Sc.  Ph.D.† 《Australian veterinary journal》1974,50(3):120-122

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Detection of papillomavirus DNA in precancerous lesions of the ears of sheep     

K Trenfield  P B Spradbrow  B A Vanselow 《Veterinary microbiology》1990,25(2-3):103-116

Sixty-seven benign precancerous cutaneous lesions from the ears of 51 sheep were examined for papillomavirus DNA by hybridisation to radioactively labelled or biotinylated probes of bovine papillomavirus type 1 (BPV 1) DNA under varying conditions of stringency. An additional 16 precancerous lesions from other cutaneous sites on 15 sheep and 15 samples of lesion-free skin from nine sheep were similarly examined. Both total genomic and subgenomic probes were used. DNA from 10 aural lesions and one vulval lesion reacted with the probe in a manner indicative of the presence of episomal papillomavirus DNA. Papillomavirus DNA was detected at low stringency in eight of the 10 aural lesions and the vulval lesions, and at high stringency in two aural lesions. Three out of the 8 aural lesions that were positive at low stringency reacted when re-tested at high stringency. Hybridisation with one of the samples of lesion-free ovine skin produced occasional equivocal signals. One particular positive lesion, an ovine aural cutaneous horn, was studied in more detail. When treated with restriction endonucleases, its restriction enzyme pattern was the same as that for BPV 2 DNA with eight of twelve enzymes and the same as that for BPV 1 DNA with two of the twelve enzymes. It was concluded that this ovine papillomavirus was more closely related to BPV 2 than to BPV 1. The possibility that it could be a subtype of BPV 2 is discussed.  相似文献   

Comparison of Cryoprotective Effects of Lycopene and Cysteamine in Different Cryoprotectants on Bull Semen and Fertility Results     

PB Tuncer  S Büyükleblebici  A Eken  U Taşdemir  E Durmaz  O Büyükleblebici  E Çoşkun 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2014,49(5):746-752

The objectives of this study were to compare glycerol and ethylene glycol at different concentrations as cryoprotectants and lycopene or cysteamine (with/without) as antioxidants in Tris extender for bull semen. Twenty‐four ejaculates were obtained from three bulls. Each ejaculate was split into four equal aliquots and diluted using both of the Tris extenders with glycerol (5% or 7%) or ethylene glycol (3% or 5%). After that, each extenders were split into three equal aliquots and added using both of the cysteamine 5 mm or lycopene 500 μg/ml, and control (without additives). The addition of 7% glycerol with cysteamine, 5% ethylene glycol with cysteamine and 3% ethylene glycol with cysteamine groups gave the lowest CASA motility than the other groups. However, 7% glycerol and 7% glycerol with lycopene resulted in a better rate of CASA progressive motility compared with that of other groups. Generally, all the lycopene groups signed better protective effects on acrosome and total morphology than the other groups. Glycerol 7% and 3% ethylene glycol with lycopene groups yielded to slight higher percentages of membrane integrity assessed by HOST than that of the other groups, but 7% glycerol with cysteamine and 3% ethylene glycol with cysteamine showed the worst percentages of membrane integrity. Glycerol 7% and 5% glycerol with lycopene gave rise to a higher value of VAP, VSL and VCL compared with that of the other groups. On the contrary, adding to 5% glycerol with cysteamine showed negative effect for VAP, VSL, VCL and ALH values. All cryoprotectant groups with lycopene decreased chromatin damage than the other groups. Ethylene glycol 3% led to lower non‐return rates of inseminated cows. However, this result was not considered to be statistically important.  相似文献   

Participation of women in oyster and mussel farming in Western Visayas, Philippines     

S V Siar  G PB Samonte  A T Espada 《Aquaculture Research》1995,26(7):459-467

This paper provides baseline information on the involvement of women in small-scale coastal aquaculture such as the farming of slipper oyster, Crassostrea iredalei (Faustino 1933), and green mussel, Perna viridis (Linnaeus 1758). Data were gathered during a socio-economic survey of oyster and mussel farming in Western Visayas, Philippines conducted from July to December 1991.There were 175 respondents interviewed; 18.5% and 2.4% of oyster and mussel farmers were females. Fishing and related activities were the major source of livelihood for the majority of oyster and mussel farmers. In 1990, 79.4% and 69.8% of oyster and mussel farmers earned an annual income of less than P30 000 (1 USS P23). Based on the 1988 (latest data available) poverty threshold of P2654 (monthly) for Western Visayas, 80.4% and 71.7% of oyster and mussel farmers lived below poverty level in 1990. of 175 respondents. 79.3% and 48.2% of oyster and mussel farmers indicated that their household members participated in farming activities. More female household members were involved in oyster farming compared with mussel farming. Harvesting in mussel farming and both harvesting and marketing in oyster farming generated the widest participation among female household members.  相似文献   

Oral papillomas in cattle     

J L Samuel  P B Spradbrow  A L Wood  W R Kelly 《Zentralblatt für Veterin?rmedizin. Reihe B. Journal of veterinary medicine. Series B》1985,32(9):706-714

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Deduced Amino Acid Sequences Surrounding the Fusion Glycoprotein Cleavage Site and of the Carboxyl-terminus of Haemagglutinin–Neuraminidase Protein of the Avirulent Thermostable Vaccine Strain I-2 of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Newcastle disease virus</Emphasis>     

Wambura PN  Meers J  Kattenbelt JA  Gould AR  Spradbrow PB 《Veterinary research communications》2007,31(1):105-112

A single-tube RT-PCR technique generated a 387 bp or 300 bp cDNA amplicon covering the F₀ cleavage site or the carboxyl (C)-terminus of the HN gene, respectively, of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) strain I-2. Sequence analysis was used to deduce the amino acid sequences of the cleavage site of F protein and the C-terminus of HN protein, which were then compared with sequences for other NDV strains. The cleavage site of NDV strain I-2 had a sequence motif of ¹¹² RKQGRLIG¹¹⁹, consistent with an avirulent phenotype. Nucleotide sequencing and deduction of amino acids at the C-terminus of HN revealed that strain I-2 had a 7-amino-acid extension (VEILKDGVREARSSR. This differs from the virulent viruses that caused outbreaks of Newcastle disease in Australia in the 1930s and 1990s, which have HN extensions of 0 and 9 amino acids, respectively. Amino acid sequence analyses of the F and HN genes of strain I-2 confirmed its avirulent nature and its Australian origin.  相似文献   

Bovine papillomavirus type 4 in Australia     

N. BLOCH  RH SUTTON  M. BREEN  PB SPRADBROW 《Australian veterinary journal》1995,72(7):273-274

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THE SEROLOGICAL RESPONSE OF CHICKENS TO OIL EMULSION VACCINES CONTAINING THE V₄ STRAIN OF NEWCASTLE DISEASE VIRUS     

R. Schalkoort    D. M. Morgan  P. B. Spradbrow 《Australian veterinary journal》1982,58(6):260-263

SUMMARY Experiments were conducted with vaccines containing the V₄ strain of Newcastle disease virus (NDV). Both living aqueous vaccines and vaccines consisting of virus incorporated in an oil emulsion were used. The calculated dose of virus contained in the oil emulsion vaccine was 10^8,7 50% embryo infectious doses (EID₅₀) per bird dose. Haemagglutinin inhibition (HI) antibody levels of 8 are presumed protective. One-day-old chicks with low levels of maternal antibody were vaccinated intraocularly with 10^6,3EID₅₀ of live vaccine, and concurrently with oil emulsion vaccine. Presumed protective levels of antibody were present at two weeks post vaccination and were maintained for at least seven weeks longer. When adult birds 15 weeks old with no previous exposure to NDV were vaccinated intraocularly with 10^6,7EID₅₀ per bird, protective levels of antibody were produced within a week. Unvaccinated birds put in contact with the vaccinated birds produced similar antibody levels within 14 days. Revaccination with oil emulsion vaccine after antibody levels had fallen resulted in a rapid response with high levels of antibody. When antibody-free adult commercial birds with an unknown history of exposure to NDV were vaccinated intramuscularly with oil emulsion vaccine, high antibody levels were produced for at least 21 weeks. Concurrent intraocular inoculation with 10^7,0EID₅₀ live virus did not enhance the response. Natural infection of unvaccinated birds occurred during the experiment. This was detected by the presence of HI antibody levels of short duration. When antibody-free commercial birds were inoculated intramuscularly with oil emulsion vaccine containing 10^6,0, 10^7,0, or 10^8,0EID₅₀ per bird dose, 100% of birds inoculated with the highest dose produced presumed protective levels of antibody within two weeks, as compared with a 5-week delay when using the 10^7,0EID₅₀ per bird dose.  相似文献