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以4份遗传背景差异较大的菜薹种质为试材,检测133对芸薹属SSR引物在菜薹中的PCR扩增效果,以期发现适用于菜薹的SSR标记。结果表明:有50对引物在4份菜薹种质中表现出较好的通用性,其扩增产物多在100~350bp,多态性数目在1~4,共91个多态性位点。在此基础上,利用在"四九-19号菜心"和"3T6"中具有多态性的40对SSR引物,对130份以"四九-19号菜心"和"3T6"为亲本建立的F6重组自交系群体进行基因分型,构建了一个具有10个遗传群、总长度为641.39cM的菜薹遗传连锁图。研究结果可为今后菜薹遗传多样性、基因定位和分子标记辅助育种提供理论参考。 相似文献
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Srinivasan Samineni Pooran M. Gaur Timothy D. Colmer L. Krishnamurthy Vincent Vadez Kadambot H. M. Siddique 《Euphytica》2011,182(1):73-86
Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is known to be salt-sensitive and in many regions of the world its yields are restricted by salinity. Recent identification
of large variation in chickpea yield under salinity, if genetically controlled, offers an opportunity to develop cultivars
with improved salt tolerance. Two chickpea land races, ICC 6263 (salt sensitive) and ICC 1431 (salt tolerant), were inter-crossed
to study gene action involved in different agronomic traits under saline and control conditions. The generation mean analysis
in six populations, viz. P1, P2, F1, F2, BC1P1 and BC1P2, revealed significant gene interactions for days to flowering, days to maturity, and stem Na and K concentrations in control
and saline treatments, as well as for 100-seed weight under salinity. Seed yield, pods per plant, seeds per plant, and stem
Cl concentration were controlled by additive effects under saline conditions. Broad-sense heritability values (>0.5) for most
traits were generally higher in saline than in control conditions, whereas the narrow-sense heritability values for yield
traits, and stem Na and K concentrations, were lower in saline than control conditions. The influence of the sensitive parent
was higher on the expression of different traits; the additive and dominant genes acted in opposite directions which led to
lower heritability estimates in early generations. These results indicate that selection for yield under salinity would be
more effective in later filial generations after gene fixation. 相似文献
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Comparative effect of drought duration on growth,photosynthesis, water relations,and solute accumulation in wild and cultivated barley species 
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下载免费PDF全文 Maroua Mejri Kadambot H. M. Siddique Tark Saif Chedly Abdelly Kamel Hessini 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2016,179(3):327-335
Drought is a major factor limiting crop production worldwide. Barley is a well‐adapted cereal that is largely grown on dry marginal land where water and salinity are the most prevalent environmental stresses. This study was carried out to investigate the effects of drought stress and subsequent recovery on growth, photosynthetic activity, water relations, osmotic adjustment (OA), and solute accumulation of wild (Hordeum maritimum) and cultivated barley (H. vulgare L.). In a pot experiment, 60 d old seedlings were subjected to drought stress for 0, 7, 14, 21, or 28 d, and then re‐watered to recover for up to 21 d. Plants were harvested at the end of each of these drought/recovery treatments. Drought significantly reduced fresh and dry weights at the whole‐plant level, photosynthetic activities, and solute and water potentials, while increasing leaf Na+ and K+ concentrations. The adverse effects of drought on growth were more marked in cultivated barley than in wild barley and the reverse was true for photosynthetic activities. During recovery, all wild barley seedlings completely recovered. For cultivated barley seedlings, rehydration had a beneficial effect on growth and photosynthesis, independent of treatment duration, but complete recovery did not occur. The reduction in leaf solute potential at full turgor in drought‐stressed barley, relative to the control, suggests active OA which was more significant in wild barley than in cultivated barley. OA was mainly due to the accumulation of inorganic (K+ in cultivated barley and Na+ in wild barley) and organic (soluble sugars and proline) solutes. The results suggest that OA is an important component of the drought‐stress adaptation mechanism in wild barley, but is not sufficient to contribute to drought tolerance in cultivated barley. In the latter species, the results show that even short periods (as little as 7 d) of water deficit stress had considerable long‐term effects on plant growth. 相似文献
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Yong Peng Wang Long Hai Kadambot H. M. Siddique Yantai Gan Feng Min Li 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(4):486-498
AbstractThis study evaluated the effects of plastic mulched ridge-furrow cropping on soil biochemical properties and maize (Zea mays L.) nutrient uptake in a semi-arid environment. Three treatments were evaluated from 2008 to 2010: no mulch (narrow ridges with crop seeded next to ridges), half mulch (as per no mulch, except narrow ridges were mulched), and full mulch (alternate narrow and wide ridges, all mulched with maize seeded in furrows). Compared to the no mulch treatment, full mulch increased maize grain yield by 50% in 2008 and 25% in 2010, but reduced yield by 21% in 2009 after low precipitation in early growth. Half mulch had a similar grain yield to no mulch in the three cropping years, suggesting half mulch is not an effective pattern for maize cropping in the area. Mulch treatments increased aboveground nitrogen (N) uptake by 21?34% and phosphorus (P) uptake by 21?42% in 2008, and by 16?32% and 14?29%, respectively, in 2010; but in 2009 mulching did not affect N uptake and decreased P uptake. Soil microbial biomass and activities of urease, β-glucosidase and phosphatase at the 0?15 cm depth were generally higher during vegetative growth but lower during reproductive growth under mulch treatments than no mulch. Mulching treatments increased carbon (C) loss of buried maize residues (marginally by 5?9%), and decreased light soil organic C (15?27%) and carbohydrate C (12?23%) concentrations and mineralizable C and N (8?36%) at harvest in the 0?20 cm depth compared with no mulch, indicating that mulching promotes mineralization and nutrient release in soil during cropping seasons. As a result of these biological changes, mineral N concentration under mulch was markedly increased after sowing in upper soil layers compared with no mulch. Therefore, our results suggest that mulched cropping stimulated soil microbial activity and N availability, and thus contributed to increasing maize grain yield and nutrient uptake compared with no mulch. 相似文献
5.
Yu Jia Feng-Min Li Zhen-hua Zhang Xiao-Ling Wang Ruiying Guo Kadambot H.M. Siddique 《Field Crops Research》2009
Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) plays an important role in crop–livestock mixed farming on marginal land in the semiarid Loess Plateau. However, the duration, yield performance and water use of long-term alfalfa stands and choice of appropriate subsequent crops are not clear. A 5-year field experiment was conducted at Zhonglianchuan, Gansu Province, China from 2001 to 2005. Productivity and water use were determined and compared between (1) three alfalfa stands that were 1–5 (A1–5), 6–10 (A6–10) and 11–15 (A11–15) years old during the trial; (2) alfalfa using conventional cultivation and a water-harvesting technique (RA1–5); and (3) conventional crop rotation (CK) and four 5-year crop sequence rotations sown after 10-year-old alfalfa had been ploughed, being millet–wheat–potato–pea–potato (MWLPL); millet–corn–corn–wheat–wheat (MCCWW); millet–potato–wheat–corn–corn (MLWCC) and millet–fallow–pea–potato–pea (MFPLP). Forage yield peaked in 7-year-old alfalfa (5740 kg ha−1), but 9-year-old alfalfa had the maximum forage yield profit (4477 kg ha−1 y−1) in terms of whole growing years. Soil water use efficiency (WUES in terms of forage yield and soil water use) of alfalfa increased dramatically up to the 11th year, and then leveled off from year 12 to 15. Forage yield and WUEB/ET (WUE in terms of aboveground biomass and evapotranspiration) of alfalfa were significantly higher using water harvesting compared with conventional cultivation, but were significantly lower than CK. Soil water content did not change in CK as stand age increased, but it decreased in conventional alfalfa stands. After 10 years of alfalfa, a fallow year was not necessary before planting annual crops as soil water was greatly restored after sowing subsequent annual crops. Yield of some crops in the four crop sequence rotations did not differ significantly from CK. MWLPL and MLWCC had more aboveground biomass than MCCWW and MFPLP but the choice of crop sequence needs to be further considered. 相似文献
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Sangay Tshewang Zed Rengel Kadambot H. M. Siddique Zakaria M. Solaiman 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2020,183(4):530-538
Background: The low fertility of sandy soils in South‐Western Australia is challenging for the establishment of temperate perennial pastures. Aims: To assess whether microbial consortium inoculant may improve plant growth by increasing nutrient supply, root biomass and nutrient uptake capacity. Methods: Five temperate perennial pasture grasses–cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L. cv. Howlong), phalaris (Phalaris aquatica L. cv. Atlas PG), tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea L. cv. Prosper), tall wheatgrass (Thinopyrum ponticum L. cv. Dundas), and veldt grass (Ehrharta calycina Sm. cv. Mission) were tested in a controlled environment on the growth and nutrition with the microbial consortium inoculant and rock mineral fertiliser. Results: Veldt grass produced the highest shoot and root growth, while tall fescue yielded the lowest. Rock mineral fertiliser with or without microbial consortium inoculant significantly increased root and shoot biomass production across the grass species. The benefit of microbial consortium inoculation applied in conjunction with rock mineral fertiliser was significant regarding shoot N content in tall wheatgrass, cocksfoot and tall fescue. Shoot P and K concentrations also increased in the five grass species by microbial consortium inoculation combined with rock mineral fertiliser in comparison with the control treatment. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) colonisation decreased with rock mineral fertilisation with or without microbial consortium inoculant except in cocksfoot. Conclusions: The response to microbial consortium inoculation, either alone or in combination with rock mineral fertiliser, was plant species‐dependent, indicating its potential use in pasture production. 相似文献
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Teresa Millan Heather J. Clarke Kadambot H. M. Siddique Hutokshi K. Buhariwalla Pooran M. Gaur Jagdish Kumar Juan Gil Guenter Kahl Peter Winter 《Euphytica》2006,147(1-2):81-103
Summary Chickpea is a cool season grain legume of exceptionally high nutritive value and most versatile food use. It is mostly grown
under rain fed conditions in arid and semi-arid areas around the world. Despite growing demand and high yield potential, chickpea
yield is unstable and productivity is stagnant at unacceptably low levels. Major yield increases could be achieved by development
and use of cultivars that resist/tolerate abiotic and biotic stresses. In recent years the wide use of early maturing cultivars
that escape drought stress led to significant increases in chickpea productivity. In the Mediterranean region, yield could
be increased by shifting the sowing date from spring to winter. However, this is hampered by the sensitivity of the crop to
low temperatures and the fungal pathogen Ascochyta rabiei. Drought, pod borer (Helicoverpa spp.) and the fungus Fusarium oxysporum additionally reduce harvests there and in other parts of the world. Tolerance to rising salinity will be a future advantage
in many regions. Therefore, chickpea breeding focuses on increasing yield by pyramiding genes for resistance/tolerance to
the fungi, to pod borer, salinity, cold and drought into elite germplasm. Progress in breeding necessitates a better understanding
of the genetics underlying these traits. Marker-assisted selection (MAS) would allow a better targeting of the desired genes.
Genetic mapping in chickpea, for a long time hampered by the little variability in chickpea’s genome, is today facilitated
by highly polymorphic, co-dominant microsatellite-based markers. Their application for the genetic mapping of traits led to
inter-laboratory comparable maps. This paper reviews the current situation of chickpea genome mapping, tagging of genes for
ascochyta blight, fusarium wilt resistance and other traits, and requirements for MAS. Conventional breeding strategies to
tolerate/avoid drought and chilling effects at flowering time, essential for changing from spring to winter sowing, are described.
Recent approaches and future prospects for functional genomics of chickpea are discussed. 相似文献
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Simranjeet Kaur Navneet Kaur Kadambot H. M. Siddique 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2016,62(7):905-920
The beneficial elements are not deemed essential for all crops but may be vital for particular plant taxa. The distinction between beneficial and essential is often difficult in the case of some trace elements. Elements such as aluminium (Al), cobalt (Co), sodium (Na), selenium (Se) and silicon (Si) are considered beneficial for plants. These elements are not critical for all plants but may improve plant growth and yield. Pertinently, beneficial elements reportedly enhance resistance to abiotic stresses (drought, salinity, high temperature, cold, UV stress, and nutrient toxicity or deficiency) and biotic stresses (pathogens and herbivores) at their low levels. However, the essential-to-lethal range for these elements is somewhat narrow. The effect of beneficial elements at low levels deserves more attention with regard to using them to fertilize crops to boost crop production under stress and to enhance plant nutritional value as a feed or food. A more holistic approach to plant nutrition would not only be restricted to nutrients essential to survival but would also include mineral elements at levels beneficial for best growth. Here, we describe the uptake mechanisms of various beneficial elements, their favourable aspects, and the role of these elements in conferring tolerance against abiotic and biotic stresses. 相似文献