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Interaction between the sequence of feeding of hay and concentrate,and boiling of barley on feed intake,the activity of hydrolytic enzymes and fermentation in the hindgut of Arabian mares 
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下载免费PDF全文 A. Kiani F. Hoseini P. Ghorbaninejad A. Azarfar M. Kreuzer A. Azizi 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2018,102(3):810-817
The interaction between the sequence of feeding of hay and concentrate and the hydrothermal processing of barley in alleviating concentrate effects on intake, and hindgut fermentation in horses was tested. Six Arabian mares (4–10 years of age, 410 ± 35 kg body weight) were used to evaluate the effects of feeding sequence (FS) and type of barley (TB) on intake, and faecal volatile fatty acids (VFA), activities of α‐amylase (AA: EC 3.2.1.1), carboxymethyl cellulase (CMCase: EC 3.2.1.4), microcrystalline cellulase (MCCase: EC 3.2.1.91) and general filter paper degrading activity (FPD). Mares were offered a ration of air‐dried alfalfa and concentrate (70:30 as‐fed) in four subsequent periods of 14 days including 8 days of adaptation and 6 days of sampling. In each period and each meal, mares received concentrate either 30 min after (HC) or 30 min before (CH) alfalfa hay. Barley was either milled or boiled in water. Rectal samples were grabbed directly from rectum once per period. Mares subjected to CH had higher dry matter intakes than mares under HC regime. The acetate:propionate ratio (A:P ratio) in rectal content was higher with CH than HC. The AA activity was higher under CH than under HC. Mares fed boiled barley had lower rectal concentrations of VFA and propionate and a higher A:P ratio than mares fed milled barley. Furthermore, the rectal content showed a higher MCCase activity but a lower AA activity when mares were fed boiled compared with milled barley. Interactions between FS and TB were observed with respect to CMCase activity, and concentrations of propionate and valerate. In conclusion, the present results suggest that both, feeding concentrate before hay and boiling the barley, might improve the hindgut environment in Arabian mares, and that the two measures were mostly additive and sometimes even synergistic. 相似文献
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Zulkhairi Azizi Zainal Abidin 《Human Dimensions of Wildlife》2016,21(6):555-566
This article addresses the applicability of quantitative wildlife value orientation scales in Muslim students in Malaysia. As Malaysian culture is deeply influenced by Islam ideology, this article presents a case for addressing the cross-cultural applicability of the scales. The current wildlife value orientation scales were reliable—all Cronbach’s alphas ≥ .65—and had predictive validity—8 to 14% of variance of acceptability of lethal control was explained. Yet, both reliability and predictive validity were of lesser magnitude than figures in previous Western studies. Especially the hunting beliefs scale did not reflect basic thinking about wildlife in our sample, and our data suggest two different hunting dimensions—consequences of hunting for wildlife and human opportunities for hunting. For future cross-cultural comparisons of wildlife value orientations, amendment of the scales to better reflect salient beliefs in non-Western nations is recommended. 相似文献
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Farmer participation in irrigation management: The case of Doroodzan Dam Irrigation Network, Iran 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The importance of farmer participation in system design and management has been emphasized in previous studies. The purpose of this study was to identify the factors affecting farmer participation in irrigation management using survey research. The study was conducted in Doroodzan Dam Irrigation Network in Fars province, Iran. Multistage stratified random sampling was used to collect data from 270 farmers as the research sample. Results reveal that farmers’ attitudes toward participation in irrigation management, attitudes toward personnel of the State Water Authority and the Agricultural Extension Service Centers (AESCs), family size, the problem perception, dependence on the dam for water, and educational background have influenced their participation in irrigation management. By contrast, contact with information sources, animal units, sociability, age and agricultural experience did not affect farmers’ participation. Moreover, based on farmers’ perspectives, unequal water distribution among farms, dissatisfaction with Water Authority operators and high water fees and charges were the main problems and obstacles toward farmer participation in irrigation management. 相似文献
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Understanding farmers’ decision process on the adoption of biological control (BC) may help in promoting adoption. This study explored for the first time the impact of marketing mix elements (product, price, promotion, and place) on bolstering BC for the management of rice stem borer (Chilo suppressalis Walker) among rice farmers in Fuman County in northern Iran. Farmers using BC were familiar with this method primarily via village councils and rural municipality organizations (Dehyaris) and then via distributors of trichocards. Almost half of the farmers (48.3%) had weak to moderate level of contact with distributors of trichocards. All four elements (4Ps) of marketing mix (product, place, price, and promotion) were effective on the marketing of BC agents. Place (distribution) mix, followed by price mix, were the most important factors in marketing trichocards in farmers’ views. According to the sensitivity to 4Ps of marketing mix, most farmers were grouped as semi-sensitive (45.6%) and sensitive (39.4%). Overall, the availability of biological agent products in the market, the affordable price of the products, and the strong relationship of rural people with village councils and rural municipality organizations (Dehyaris) are crucial factors for BC promotion in paddy fields of Fuman. 相似文献
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Alireza Hadipour Majid Azizi Hasanali Naghdi-Badi Jaber Panahandeh Abbas Delazar Hosein Aroei 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2016,91(1):55-62
A karyotype study was performed on 15 populations of Eremostachys laciniata Bunge from Iran in order to quantify the extent of cytological variation for use in breeding programmes. Ten mitotic root tip cells at the metaphase stage were prepared from each population by the squash method. The chromosomes of suitable mitotic cells were counted and various parameters, including long and short arm lengths, chromosome lengths, total length of the haploid chromosome complement, arm ratios, and the centromeric index, were measured. All 15 populations were diploid with 2n = 2x = 22 and were differentiated by their karyotypic parameters. All 15 E. laciniata populations occupied Class 1A of Stebbins’ karyotype classification, indicating the presence of a primitive symmetrical karyotype. The size of the mitotic chromosomes was medium, and mean chromosome lengths ranged from 3.84 to 4.77 μm. The shortest chromosome lengths were observed in the Ajabshir population and the longest in the Heydarabad population. The Heydarabad population also had the longest total chromosome length and the Ajabshir population had the shortest total chromosome length. The centromeric indices of the chromosome complements varied from 39.3% to 43.7%. Metacentric chromosomes were the most common in all populations, whereas submetacentric chromosomes were rare. The A1 index varied from 0.215 (Areshtanab) to 0.337 (Til). The A2 index ranged from 0.116 (Til) to 0.143 (Kaleybar), and the karyotype asymmetry index varied between 0.051 and 0.097. The results of a principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the main elements of the first three main principal components accounted for 97% of the total variance. Cluster analysis by Ward’s method indicated that all 15 populations could be classified into three clusters. Finally, the results of the karyotypic parameters showed that the Til, Heydarabad, and Marand populations had higher levels of karyotypic heterogeneity and may be useful when developing breeding programmes. 相似文献
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Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - Black spot disease is the most common diseases of landscape roses and is caused by Diplocarpon rosae Wolf. In Rosa multiflora, the screening of black... 相似文献
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Nemati H Nazdar T Azizi M Arouiee H 《Pakistan journal of biological sciences: PJBS》2010,13(17):814-820
In order to compare of different methods and identify the optimum condition for tomato seed extraction, factorial experiments with 3 replications was conducted. In the first experiment, pulp of two tomato cultivars (Faraon, Dominator) were fermented at two temperatures (25, 35 degrees C) and six periods (24, 48, 72, 96, 120, 144 h). The germination of seeds in laboratory as well as seedling emergence and preliminary growth in greenhouse were studied and measured. The results showed that effect of cultivar on traits (except of seedling emergence) was significant. Also the effect of temperature of fermentation, duration of fermentation and also interaction effects of them on seed germination were significant. Totally seed quality decreased with increasing temperature and duration of fermentation and the fermentation duration from 24 to 48 h at temperature 25 degrees C, is recommended. In the second experiment, tomato seeds were extracted by HCL (pH was arranged to 1, 2, 3 for 10, 20, 30 min), H2SO4 (pH was arranged to 1, 2, for 15, 30 min), Sodium carbonate (5, 10% for 24 and 48 h) and fermentation. Percentage germination, germination rate, length of radicle and length of plumule were used for seed quality assessment. The results showed that interaction effect between pH and duration of HCL treatments was significant for seed germination (percentage and rate) and there was an interaction effect between concentration and duration for germination rate in alkali treatments. Different extraction methods had not detrimental effect on percentage germination, but acid treatments produce very bright clean seeds in compare to other treatments. 相似文献