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Fatemeh Jafari Reza Mostowfizadeh-Ghalamfarsa Banafsheh Safaiefarahani Treena I. Burgess 《Plant pathology》2020,69(7):1281-1290
In recent years several interspecific hybrids have been reported in the plant pathogenic oomycete genus Phytophthora. Due to the large genotypic and phenotypic changes, these hybrids might have broader or more limited host ranges compared with their parental species. It is crucial to understand the host range of Phytophthora hybrids to minimize the economic losses caused by their infection. The potential host range of four hybrids belonging to Clade 8a of the Phytophthora phylogenetic tree was investigated in this study. Thirty species of herbaceous plants as well as eight species of woody plants were inoculated and monitored for any symptom of infection. In addition, the detached twigs of 32 tree species, fruits of six plant species, tubers of potato, and roots of carrot and sugar beet were investigated for susceptibility to these hybrids. Almost all hybrids caused severe rot on all tested fruits, tubers, and roots, although different isolates showed different pathogenicity on detached tree twigs. All hybrids tested had a different host range compared with their parental species: they were able to infect plants outside the host range of their parents, infect hosts of both parental species, although these parents did not have overlapping hosts, or, in some cases, they were not able to infect hosts infected by the parents. 相似文献
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Background: Neuroinflammation, as a major outcome of microglia activation, is an important factor for progression of neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer''s disease and Parkinson''s disease. Microglial cells, as the first-line defense in the central nervous system, act as a source of neurotoxic factors such as nitric oxide (NO), a free radical which is involved in neuronal cell death. The aim of this study was to inhibit production of NO in activated microglial cells in order to decrease neurological damages that threat the central nervous system. Methods: An in vitro model of a newborn rat brain cell culture was used to examine the effect of betaine on the release of NO induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Briefly, primary microglial cells were stimulated by LPS and after 2 minutes, they were treated by different concentrations of betaine. The production of NO was assessed by the Griess assay while cell viability was determined by the MTT assay. Results: Our investigations indicated that LPS-induced NO release was attenuated by betaine, suggesting that this compound might inhibit NO release. The effects of betaine on NO production in activated microglial cells after 24 h were "dose-dependent". It means that microglial cells which were treated with higher concentrations of betaine, released lower amounts of NO. Also our observations showed that betaine compound has no toxic effect on microglial cells. Conclusion: Betaine has an inhibitory effect on NO release in activated microglial cells and may be an effective therapeutic component to control neurological disorders.Key Words: Betaine, Lipopolysaccharides (LPS), Nitric oxide (NO), Microglia 相似文献
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The pomegranate fruit moth, Apomyelois ceratoniae (Zeller), is the most important pest of pomegranate orchards in Iran, where infestations lead to 20%–80% fruit loss. A. ceratoniae overwinters as larvae in several instars. The success in overwintering determines the fruit loss in the following season, thus overwintering physiology of A. ceratoniae could provide insights into population prediction. To this end, overwintering strategy and some seasonal physiological and biochemical changes were investigated in the field-collected larvae of A. ceratoniae. The lowest supercooling point was recorded in November (?14.6 ± 0.9 °C) and the highest in both October and March (?10.2 ± 0.9 °C). The median lethal temperature (LT50) of larvae was higher than supercooling point, suggesting that A. ceratoniae is chill-susceptible. Overwintering larvae had slightly higher concentrations of glycerol and sorbitol compared to summer larvae. There were no significant seasonal changes in body water content or hemolymph osmolality. Current winter temperatures in Iranian orchards are higher than the cold tolerance thresholds of A. ceratoniae, suggesting that overwintering mortality is not a key factor in determining A. ceratoniae populations. 相似文献
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Monfared Banafsheh Beheshti Noormohamadi Ghorban Rad Amir Hossein Shirani Hervan Eslam Majidi 《Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology》2020,23(1):65-71
Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology - Changes in the environment that are associated with different sowing dates can be expected to alter canola (Brassica napus L.) growth and development.... 相似文献
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Polypropylene fibers containing varying amounts of multi walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) have been spun using a conventional melt spinning and drawing apparatus. Changes in morphology and crystalline structure of composite fibers induced by addition of MWCNT were studied by small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), wide angle X-ray scattering (WAXS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and birefringence measurements. The results of SAXS experiments showed an increase in lamellar thickness, long period and crystallinity of the composite fibers in comparison to pure polypropylene fibers. Molecular orientation and helical content of the fibers were increased due to the addition of MWCNT to the polypropylene matrix. WAXS results, being in agreement with the SAXS results, also showed an increase in crystallinity of the composite fibers due to the increase in MWCNT content. This is probably because of nucleating effect of nanotubes in the fiber matrix, causing more crystallization and orientation of molecules to take place around them. 相似文献
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Wrya Mohammadi Aframehr Banafsheh Molki Pejman Heidarian Tayebeh Behzad Morteza Sadeghi Rouhollah Bagheri 《Fibers and Polymers》2017,18(11):2041-2048
In this study, the effect of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) nanoparticles on the barrier properties and biodegradability of polylactic acid (PLA) was investigated. For this purpose, nanocomposite films with various CaCO3 nanoparticle contents (0, 3, 5, 10, and 15 wt%) were prepared by solution casting method. The gas permeability of nitrogen (N2), oxygen (O2), and carbon dioxide (CO2) was evaluated through a constant volume and variable pressure apparatus at different pressures and temperatures. According to results, barrier properties were improved by loading CaCO3 nanoparticles up to 5 wt%, and the gas permeability of CO2, O2, and N2 was decreased from 1.4, 0.31, and 0.07 Barrer to 0.48, 0.095, and 0.019 Barrer, respectively. In addition, it was also observed that the gas permeability of samples was decreased by increasing feeding pressure and increased by enhancing temperature. Furthermore, morphological results confirmed the formation of agglomerations and large clusters over 5 wt% CaCO3 nanoparticles. Finally, the thermal properties and biodegradability of PLA were increased by employing CaCO3 nanoparticles. These results suggested PLA nanocomposites as favorable candidates for food packaging applications. 相似文献
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The objectives of the present study was to investigate the effects of the copper injection and injection timing to pregnant
dairy cows at dry period on the hematology, some serum metabolites, health and growth of their calves. Thirty Holstein cows
at the dry period were assigned to the three following experimental groups: 1) control (injections of 2.5 ml normal saline),
2) test 1 (125 mg Cu as copper edetate injection at the first week of the dry period) and 3) test 2 (125 mg Cu as copper edetate
injection at the third week of the dry period). Ten milliliters of jugular blood was taken from all calves 24–48 h after birth
and at 7, 14, 21 and 28 days of age for measuring hematological and biochemical parameters. For evaluation of growth and health,
body weight of all of the calves was measured at birth and at the end of the trial, and the health of calves was checked by
a technician twice a day and any sign of illness, treatment (if needed) and duration of illness was recorded. Copper treatment
was proved to have a significant effect on the counts of WBC (lower in test 2, higher in test 1), lymphocyte (lower in test
2, higher in test 1) and the concentrations of fibrinogen (lower in test 1, higher in test 2), cholesterol (lower in control,
higher in test 1) and copper (lower in test 1, higher in test 2) (p < 0.05). Age (sampling time) also influenced most measured parameters (p < 0.05) except values of WBC, neutrophil, monocyte, globulin and concentrations of iron, zinc and copper. 相似文献
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Abolfazl Shirazi Ebrahim Ahmadi Majid Jadidi Naser Shams-Esfandabadi Banafsheh Heidari 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2009,50(5):501-505
This is the first report of an acephalous lamb from the transfer of an in vitro-produced sheep embryo. Twelve in vitro-fertilized embryos were transferred to 4 recipient ewes (3 embryos/ewe). Two ewes remained pregnant: one delivered a normal female lamb, the other a male acephalous lamb. Possible contributing factors are discussed. 相似文献
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