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1.
Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - Recent observations of increasing incidences of potato plants showing blackleg symptoms have caused serious concern for potato growers and traders in...  相似文献   
2.
Striga hermonthica is a major constraint to sorghum production and productivity in sub‐Saharan Africa, Ethiopia, in particular. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the performance of 49 sorghum genotypes based on their reaction to S. hermonthica and investigate the relationships among yield and Striga resistance traits, including the Striga emergence count, area under Striga number progress curve, area under Striga severity progress curve, grain yield under infested, grain yield under non‐infested conditions and relative yield loss. The genotypes differed significantly in all measured parameters under Striga‐infested and non‐infested conditions. The genotypes ‘Birhan’, ‘Gubiye’, Wolegie, Zegerie, Nechmashila I, Woftel, Tetron and Eyssa were identified as promising ones based on grain yield and Striga‐related traits. On the other hand, the genotypes Jamyo, Bobie, Gedido, Mankebar and Zengada had moderate Striga numbers with low relative yield loss as compared with susceptible checks. The most promising variety, Zegerie, Mankebar and Zengada, out yielded the standard resistant checks ‘Birhan’ and ‘Gubiye’ under Striga infestation. Ward cluster analysis grouped the 49 sorghum genotypes in to four distinct clusters under Striga‐infested conditions. All members of clusters II and III showed the highest yielding group with the lowest to moderate Striga number, while cluster IV supported the lowest yield with the highest Striga number. Significant negative correlations were observed between yield‐ and Striga‐related traits. Highly significant and strong correlations were observed among Striga resistance indices, indicating that any of the Striga resistance parameters can be used as an indicator of resistance. The wide variations in grain yield among genotypes under Striga‐infested conditions would be invaluable genetic resources for production in Striga endemic areas of Ethiopia.  相似文献   
3.
ABSTRACT

Partial replacement of synthetic chemical fertilizers by naturally occurring alternatives is environmentally recommended. Feldspars (F), quartz silica (S), and zeolites (Z) are silicon (Si)-rich minerals that may be utilized as Si fertilizers. This study aims to assess the agronomic efficiency (AE) of the mentioned minerals as Si fertilizers and to estimate Si-use efficiency (Si-UE) in sandy soil. A field experiment was carried out (summer seasons of 2016 and 2017) in which F, S, and Z were mixed with surface soil in an application rate 500 mg kg?1 soil with and without potassium humate (K-H, 2 mg kg?1 soil). Treatments were distributed in a complete randomized block design (CRBD) with three replicates including control before cultivation of soybean (Glycine max L.). Yield (kg ha?1) of soybean, available Si (mg kg?1) in soil and uptake (mg kg?1) of N, P, K, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, and Si by soybean seeds and straw were estimated. The most significant increase was by 67.87% followed by 38.69% was recorded for the S and S K-H treatments, compared to the control. Same treatments showed nonsignificant decrease in the available Si (mg kg?1) that may refer to partial replenishment of plant available Si (PAS) in soil and avoid significant deficiency. Silica treatments resulted in the most significant increase in the uptake (mg kg?1 soil) of Si, N, P, K, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn by seeds and almost by straw. Silica was more efficient agronomically than feldspar and zeolite. Absorption of more biocompatible Si-organo species may depend on Si source.  相似文献   
4.
This study was aimed to determine gene action for grain yield and yield‐related traits of newly developed tef populations under drought‐stressed and nonstressed conditions to improve drought tolerance. Ten crosses, along with the parents, were evaluated in the F2 generation under drought‐stressed conditions at Hastebo and Adigdad sites in 2015 and Dura site in 2016 and under nonstressed conditions at Dura site in 2016. Additive gene action predominantly controlled the inheritance of the grain yield and majority of the yield‐related traits under drought‐stressed and nonstressed conditions. Under both test conditions, the genotypes DZ‐Cr‐387 and 9415 were the best general combiners for increased grain yield and morphological traits. Conversely, genotype 222076 was the best general combiner for reduced maturity period only. The selected parents are novel genetic materials for tef breeding programmes to improve grain yield and morphological traits with reduced days to maturity for drought tolerance breeding. The family of the cross DZ‐Cr‐387 × 222076 was selected for high grain yield and early maturity in both the drought‐stressed and nonstressed environments.  相似文献   
5.
A total of 33 draft horses suffering from cutaneous pythiosis were referred to Mansoura Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Egypt, between October 2008 and January 2011. The animals presented ulcerative, granulomatous lesions located at the ventral aspect of the thorax (n = 10), abdomen (n = 14), forelimbs (n = 5), hind limbs (n = 2), and presternal region (n = 1) and at withers (n=1). The animals suffered from ulcerations composed of whitish yellow tissue having numerous draining tracts that discharge serosanguineous or bloody exudates. Initial diagnosis was based on location, gross lesion, and presence of kunkers. Histopathological evaluation revealed an eosinophilic granulomatous reaction associated with intralesional hyphae characteristic of Pythium insidiosum visualized by Gomori methenamine silver stain. The outcome of surgical excision revealed complete cure in 24 cases. Euthanasia was indicated in 9 cases.  相似文献   
6.
Abstract

The experiment was conducted at Kulumsa, South East Ethiopia, using four levels of nitrogen (N) (0, 50,100 and 150?kg N ha?1) and four levels of phosphorus (P) (0, 35, 70 and 105?kg P2O5 ha?1) fertilizers arranged in 4?×?4 factorial arrangements in randomized complete block design with three replications. The available P was increased after harvest due to the application of N and P fertilizer at the rates of 100 or 150?kg N ha?1 and 70 or 105?kg P2O5 ha?1. More specifically, nutrients concentration and nutrient uptake were significantly (p?<?.01) varied among treatment combinations and nutrient use efficiency was declined by increasing N and P after optimum rates. The higher physiological efficiency of N (53.47?kg kg?1) and P (580.41?kg kg?1) and the highest apparent recovery of N (19.62%) and P (2.47%) was recorded from application of 50?kg N ha?1 and P at 70?kg P2O5 ha?1 and the highest agronomic efficiency of N (10.78?kg kg?1) and P (15.25?kg kg?1) was recorded from N at the rate of 50?kg N ha?1 and P at 35?kg P2O5 ha?1, respectively. The combination of N at 100?kg N ha?1 and P at 70?kg P2O5 ha?1 was promising combination that generated highest net benefit 488,878.5 ETB (Ethiopian birr) ha?1 with the highest marginal rate of return (36638%) and gave the highest seed yield (1858.82?kg ha?1) with yield increment of about 57.72% over the control.  相似文献   
7.
An experimental study to investigate the susceptibility pattern of Haemonchus contortus to commonly used anthelmintics (albendazole, tetramisole, ivermectin, and triclobendazole) was conducted between June and September 2009. Adult H. contortus parasites were collected from a total of 30 sheep slaughtered at Jimma municipal abattoir. The anthelmintics were assessed for egg hatch inhibition ability against H. contortus eggs. The eggs (500 eggs/ml) were incubated with different concentrations (0.25, 0.125, 0.0625, 0.03125, and 0.015625?μg/ml) at 26°C for 48?h. Egg hatching inhibition of different anthelmintics at different concentrations was recorded. The overall mean percent inhibition showed that there was a significant difference (p?相似文献   
8.
The ability of 22 strains of Rhizobium to degrade catechol, protocatechuic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid and salicylic acid all at 1 mm concentration was examined. In the presence of 4.8 mm Na-glutamate, all rhizobia tested degraded catechol (99–100%), p-hvdroxybenzoic acid (79–99%), protocatechuic acid (81 97%) and salicylic acid (20–83%).The concentration of Na glutamate in the medium affected the degradation of the phenolic compounds at 1 mm concentration. Increased glutamate favoured degradation of p-hydroxybenzoic and salicylic acids but had little effect on catechol. Degradation of protocatechuic acid was inhibited by increased glutamate concentration.Rhizobium phaseoli 405 grown with 8.0 mM Na-glutamate, directly cleaved catechol and protocatechuic acid. p-Hydroxybenzoic acid was converted to protocatechuic acid before ring cleavage. Salicylic acid was converted to gentisic acid before further oxidation. O2 uptake experiments showed that R. phaseoli 405 grown with p-hydroxybenzoic acid was adapted to this compound and protocatechuic acid. A lag of 30 min was required for catechol and salicylic acid.  相似文献   
9.
Monosomic analysis was conducted to determine chromosomal locations of three new leaf rust resistance genes recently transferred to common wheat (Triticum aestivum) from T. monococcum. The resistance gene in wheat germplasm line KS92WGRC23 was transferred from T. monococcum ssp. monococcum. The resistance genes found in KS93U3 and KS96WGRC34 were transferred from T. monococcum ssp. aegilopoides. Allelism tests showed that the three resistance genes were unlinked. The three lines were crossed with each of the seven A-genome Wichita monosomic lines. The leaf rust resistance genes in KS92WGRC23, KS93U3, and KS96WGRC34 were located on chromosomes 6A, 1A, and 5A, respectively, by monosomic analysis. These results demonstrate that the three new genes derived from T. monococcum are each different. They also differ from previously reported Lr genes. This information on chromosome location and the development of mapping populations will facilitate molecular tagging of the new genes. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   
10.
Three incubation experiments were carried out to assess the effect of different levels of sludge, salinity and of different wetting and drying cycles on amidase and urease activity in a calcareous silt loam soil. Both amidase and urease activities were largely increased with the increase in the amount of sludge applied. The addition of NH4+ - N with sludge slightly reduced both activities. Addition of increasing amounts of a 1:1 NaCl: CaCl2 salt mixture increasingly reduced the soil activities of amidase and urease. This effect was less severe in sludge amended soil. The data also showed that drying of either unamended or sludge amended soil cause a marked drop in amidase and urease activity. Rewetting increased both enzyme activities.  相似文献   
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