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锯链与链轮啮合的几何条件及节距偏差的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
根据新型锯链的结构特点，参考链传动的几何条件，推导出一套锯链与链轮啮合传动的几何条件基本公式。这套公式涉及了等节距锯链和不等节距锯链两种情况，还涉及星形驱动链轮、轮辋式驱动链轮和星形导向链轮三种链轮。 相似文献
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Cut logs and high stumps of spruce, birch, aspen and oak - nine years of saproxylic fungi succession
Managed stands generally contain little coarse woody debris compared to natural forests. This study addresses the potential of retained cut wood to increase the amount of substrate available for a variety of saproxylic fungi.Fruit bodies of fungi were recorded from 270 cut high stumps and logs of spruce, birch, aspen and oak over nine years of initial succession. A total of 1565 occurrences of 148 species, seven of which were red-listed, were found. Numbers of species were significantly higher on logs than on stumps. Annual diversity peaked four to seven years after logging, sooner on logs than on stumps. Numbers of species were positively related to substrate diameter, but not to the level of shade/sun-exposure, while the presence of some individual species were significantly affected by one or both of these factors. Comparisons with data from the literature indicated no fundamental differences between fungal communities on cut wood and on naturally dead substrates. We conclude that cut wood left on site, especially logs, may mimic dead wood from trees that die swiftly from natural causes and support diverse fungal communities, both in shaded stands and in open logging sites. Substrates generated by slow self-thinning processes in natural forests however, are probably difficult to mimic in managed stands. 相似文献
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Relationships of dead wood patterns with biophysical characteristics and ownership according to scale in Coastal Oregon,USA 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Dead wood patterns and dynamics vary with biophysical factors, disturbance history, ownership, and management practices; the
relative importance of these factors is poorly understood, especially at landscape to regional scales. This study examined
current dead wood amounts in the Coastal Province of Oregon, USA, at multiple spatial scales. Objectives were to: (1) describe
current regional amounts of several characteristics of dead wood; (2) compare dead wood amounts across ownerships; (3) determine
the relative importance, according to spatial scale, of biophysical and ownership characteristics, to regional dead wood abundance.
Dead wood plot data were evaluated with respect to explanatory variables at four spatial scales of resolution: plots, subwatersheds,
watersheds and subbasins. The relationships of dead wood characteristics with biophysical attributes and ownership were diverse
and scale-specific. Region-wide dead wood abundance and types varied among ownerships, with public lands typically having
higher amounts of dead wood and more large dead wood than private lands. Regression analysis of total dead wood volume indicated
that ownership was important at the subbasin scale. Growing season moisture stress was important at plot, subwatershed, and
watershed scales. Topography was important at the two coarser scales. Multivariate analysis of dead wood gradients showed
that ownership was important at all scales, topography at the subbasin scale, historical vegetation at watershed and subbasin
scales, and current vegetation at plot and subwatershed scales. Management for dead wood and related biodiversity at watershed
to landscape scales should consider the distinct dynamics of snags and logs, the importance of historical effects, and the
relevance of ownership patterns. 相似文献
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通过对数控曲线带锯机的锯切方式进行分析,最终选取带锯条的工作边绕锯齿连线摆动,同时对工件固定在工作台上做X向和Y向移动的曲线锯切形式进行讨论分析。根据这种类型曲线锯切方式的数控曲线带锯机加工曲线的工作原理,研究了数控曲线带锯机加工木材时锯条的受力状态和曲线锯路形成的过程,着重分析了带锯机曲线锯切时锯路的宽度和最小锯切半径。经过分析,总结得出数控曲线带锯机形成曲线轨迹的基本原理,基于该基本原理计算整理得到锯路宽度的估算公式及最小锯切半径的极限公式,为数控曲线带锯机加工曲线时确定其加工范围和理论出材率提供理论依据。 相似文献
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锯木灰渣改良退化菜园紫色土壤的效果研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以重庆市九龙坡区白市驿镇蔬菜基地为试验平台,通过大田试验,研究了锯木灰渣不同施用量还田1年后对酸性紫色土改良效果,并进一步分析了锯木灰渣对土壤微生物群落及微生物碳、氮的影响,以期为紫色菜园退化土壤养分和酸化的修复提供合理措施,同时实现循环农业的可持续发展。结果表明:(1)锯木灰渣施用能显著提高蔬菜产量,且随着施用量的增加呈增加趋势,其中锯木灰渣施用量为18 000 kg hm~(-2)时,产量较未施用锯木灰渣(A0)处理显著提高了76.1%~121.9%;(2)经锯木灰渣处理的退化紫色土表层和亚表层的有机质含量和pH提高,尤其是锯木灰渣施用量为18 000 kg hm~(-2)的改良效果较佳,但是过高的锯木灰渣施用量处理对土壤交换性H~+、Al~(3+)效果反而下降,而施用量为12 000~15 000 kg hm~(-2)处理的效果较佳,其中表层土壤交换性H~+、Al~(3+)分别为0.19~0.20,0.63~0.67 cmol kg~(-1);(3)12 000~15 000 kg hm~(-2)的锯木灰渣施用量对土壤碱解氮和速效钾的提升效果较佳,18 000 kg hm~(-2)处理的有效磷含量最大,较A0处理增加了55.3 mg kg~(-1);(4)无论在表层土壤还是亚表层土壤中,细菌的种群数量分布最多,其次为真菌和放线菌,分别在12 000,9 000,6 000 kg hm~(-2)锯木灰渣施用量下的种群数量达到最大值;9 000~12 000 kg hm~(-2)处理对提高表层土壤微生物量碳含量较为明显,较A0显著提高了70.4%~78.7%,18 000 kg hm~(-2)处理的土壤微生物生物量氮(SMBN)含量最大(40.54 mg kg~(-1)),其次为9 000 kg hm~(-2)处理(34.32 mg kg~(-1))。综上,锯木灰渣施用量为12 000~15 000 kg hm~(-2)时对退化紫色土的改良效果较好。 相似文献
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Murat Kanbur Gökhan Eraslan Zeynep Soyer Sarica ?ule Altinordulu 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》2010,97(1):43-46
In the present study, 40 male Wistar albino rats were used and divided into 4 groups. The first group served as the control group; the second group was administered Saw palmetto extract at the dose of 20 mg/kg/bw; the third group was administered flumethrin at the dose of 15 mg/kg/bw; and the fourth group was administered a combination of 20 mg/kg/bw Saw palmetto extract and 15 mg/kg/bw flumethrin, for 21 days, orally. After the trial period, blood and tissue (liver, kidney and brain) samples were taken from the rats. Saw palmetto extract did not cause significant alterations in plasma and tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, serum and tissue nitric oxide (NO) levels, erythrocyte and tissue superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities when compared to the controls (p > 0.05). Flumethrin led to increased plasma and tissue MDA levels, serum and tissue NO levels, tissue GSH-Px activities and decreased erythrocyte and tissue SOD and CAT activities, and erythrocyte GSH-Px activity, compared to the controls (p < 0.05). The flumethrin and Saw palmetto extract combination increased erythrocyte SOD activity and decreased brain GSH-Px activity as compared to flumethrin (p < 0.05). In conclusion, it was determined that Saw palmetto extract did not cause any negative effect on the prooxidant-antioxidant balance. While flumethrin stimulated lipid peroxidation; Saw palmetto extract at the dose of 20 mg/kg/bw did not exhibit enough antioxidant effect in rats. 相似文献
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We investigated the temporal dynamics of large woody debris (LWD) in five headwater streams before and after the 2001 Dogrib fire in the foothills of Alberta. The density of LWD varied from 5 to 41 logs per 50 m of stream reach and accounted for 19.4 ± 5.1 m3 ha−1 (mean ± standard error) of wood in the riparian zones and 114.1 ± 30.1 m3 ha−1 of wood in the bankfull margins of the stream channel. Individual logs averaged 18.9 ± 1.15 cm in diameter, 5.5 ± 0.7 m in length, and 0.2 ± 0.02 m3 in volume. Logs became significantly shorter in decay classes II–IV. Bridges were longer than partial bridges, which were longer than loose and buried LWD. Individual log volume was greatest for bridges, but not significantly different among other position classes. Bridges and loose LWD contributed little to stream morphology and function; however, 55% of partial bridges and all buried logs contributed to sediment storage, channel armouring, or riffles and pools in the stream channel. 相似文献