低风险疾病情境下农村居民健康信息规避行为研究     

韩正彪  周明峰  岳杭 《农业图书情报学刊》2021,33(11):4-15

[目的/意义]本研究旨在揭示低风险疾病情境下农村居民健康信息规避的程度、策略、成因及其关联。[方法/过程]研究采用理论抽样方法和半结构化访谈法收集了江苏省45位农村居民的相关数据。研究采用开放式编码和主轴编码方法对访谈数据进行分析,同时采用社会网络分析软件对规避策略和成因之间的关系进行可视化展示。[结果/结论]（1）农村居民在低风险疾病情境下存在全面型和选择型两种不同程度的健康信息规避。其中,全面型健康信息规避主要发生在信息需求阶段,具体的规避策略为完全不治疗;而选择型信息规避发生在信息获取阶段,具体的规避策略为自己治疗或者拖延治疗。（2）该情境下农村居民健康信息规避的成因主要包括感知风险、对信息源的信任、健康信息素养水平、文化水平、情绪、经济水平、小世界、时间和医疗资源的可及性。（3）农民健康信息规避的成因与规避策略存在特定的关联。文化水平和医疗资源的可及性只对完全不治疗规避策略有影响;情绪因素只对拖延治疗规避策略有影响;健康信息素养水平只对自己治疗规避策略有影响。该研究可为改善农村居民的健康状况提供指导建议。  相似文献   

Phenotypic Changes in Grain Sorghum Over the Last Five Decades     

Y. Assefa  S. A. Staggenborg 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2011,197(4):249-257

Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is a drought‐tolerant crop, and its productivity in rain fed environments has increased since the 1950s. This increase is due to changes in agronomic practices and hybrid improvement. The objective of this study was to determine what aspects of grain sorghum morphology, physiology and water use have changed with hybrid improvement and might have contributed to this yield increase. A 2‐year greenhouse experiment was conducted with one hybrid from each of the past five decades. The hybrids were studied in well‐watered and pre‐ and post‐flowering water deficit conditions. Total water use, transpiration, stomatal conductance and photosynthesis were measured during the growing period. Biomass and biomass components were measured at harvest. There was no consistent change in the leaf physiological parameters resulting from hybrid advancement. In contrast, total water use increased in rate of 8.5 cm³ kg soil^?1 year^?1 from old to new hybrids in the well‐watered treatments. Root biomass also increased in rate of 0.2 g plant^?1 year^?1. Leaf biomass and panicle length also was greater for the newest compared with the older hybrids. Hybrid advancement was related to increase in panicle length but decrease in peduncle length. Results indicated that hybrid development programmes created hybrids with improved drought avoidance, due to better root density of newly released hybrids, or hybrids with better resource use which ultimately increased yield under rain fed conditions.  相似文献   

基于结构洞指数的网络节点重要度评估     

张惠玲  张蒙 《湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2016,(1):101-103

运用双阶差分模型探究了并购与新建投资模式下公司避税效应的非对称性，并进一步从事后的视角探究该非对称性是否是影响企业投资模式选择的显著影响因素。研究发现：相比于新建投资，并购增加了收购方会计利润应税所得差异，且实质性地降低了其所得税实际有效税率，这表明不同投资模式下公司避税效应存在理论预期的非对称性。进一步研究发现，改变企业会计利润应税所得差异以及会计利润应税所得操纵程度是影响企业投资模式选择的重要因素。从事后的视角来看，企业很可能为了获取更大程度的公司避税效应而选择并购行为。  相似文献   

温室移动机器人避障功能研究   总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4  

阎勤劳  邢作常  冯涛  薛少平 《农业机械学报》2006,37(5):110-112,100

为了实现移动机器人在温室内的避障，应用虚拟力场法建市了避障模型，描述了目标点的虚拟引力和障碍物的虚拟斥力之间的关系及其功能设计，实现了从机器人运动班杯值到控制量的转变。结果证明，机器人在多变的周边环境中能够实现避障的功能。  相似文献   

移动机器人避障路径规划方法研究     

伊连云  张秀英  姚俊红 《农业装备与车辆工程》2006,(3):47-49

以全自主移动机器人为研究平台，介绍了移动机器人的硬件体系结构、避障行为决策、避障运动控制等。提出一种足球机器人避障路径规划方法，该方法吸取了栅格法信息处理量小的优点，只对障碍物的威胁点进行检测，弥补了其在特征匹配方面的不足，同时无需考虑障碍物的运动状态和运动速度，提高了机器人避障的灵活性和鲁棒性。  相似文献   

Personality Characteristics in a Population of Mountain Climbers     

Erik Monasterio  Yassar A. Alamri  Omer Mei-Dan 《The Forestry Chronicle》2014,25(2):214-219

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山地果园单轨运输机超声波避障系统的设计与试验     

贾闯  李加念  洪添胜  李震  揭钊越  周松斌 《农业工程学报》2015,31(Z2):69-74

为避免山地果园单轨运输机运行时碰到前方穿越的移动物体或轨道上的静止障碍物,提高运输机工作的安全性和稳定性,研制了山地果园单轨运输机超声波避障系统。该系统由核心微处理器、超声波探头及收发电路、电源模块、无线通信模块和按键等组成。以规则物块、不规则小石块等作为轨道上的障碍物,以树枝、侧枝较多的盆栽柑橘树作为轨道旁的非障碍物,将超声波探头安装在3个不同位置,使运输机工作在慢、中、快3个不同的速度,测试了避障系统的工作性能。试验结果表明,在一定条件下,避障系统能识别轨道上的障碍物和轨道旁的非障碍物。该研究提升了单轨运输机在轨道上无人驾驶运行的安全性和可靠性。  相似文献   

Generations in captivity increases behavioral variance: considerations for captive breeding and reintroduction programs     

M Elsbeth McPhee 《Biological conservation》2004,115(1):71-77

Long-term maintenance of captive populations followed by release of captive animals into the wild is one of many approaches to endangered species conservation. To assess captivity's effects on behavior, a simulated predator was presented and response behaviors measured in oldfield mice, Peromyscus polionotus subgriseus. The animals tested were from four populations collected from Ocala National Forest, Florida, and held in captivity for varying numbers of generations: 35, 14, 2, and 0 (wild caught). Results show (1) that the more generations a population has been in captivity, the less likely an individual is to take cover after seeing a predator and (2) variance in predator-response behaviors increases with generations in captivity. These results point to two ways in which captivity can compromise animal behavior and, in turn, the success of reintroduction programs. First, because individuals from populations that have been in captivity for multiple generations seek refuge less often than their wild counterparts, they might experience increased mortality in the wild due to predation. Second, increased behavioral variance could translate into decreased survivorship upon reintroduction. Therefore, more individuals will need to be released to reach the targeted wild population size.  相似文献   

Habitat–predator association and avoidance in rainbowfish (Melanotaenia spp.)     

Culum Brown 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2003,12(2):118-126

Abstract –  The ability to recall the location of a predator and later avoid it was tested in nine populations of rainbowfish ( Melanotaenia spp.), representing three species from a variety of environments. Following the introduction of a model predator into a particular microhabitat, the model was removed, the arena rotated and the distribution of the fish recorded again. In this manner it could be determined what cues the fish relied on in order to recall the previous location of the predator model. Fish from all populations but one (Dirran Creek) were capable of avoiding the predator by remembering either the location and/or the microhabitat in which the predator was recently observed. Reliance on different types of visual cues appears to vary between populations but the reason for this variation remains elusive. Of the ecological variables tested (flow variability, predator density and habitat complexity), only the level of predation appeared to be correlated with the orientation technique employed by each population. There was no effect of species identity, which suggests that the habitat that each population occupies plays a strong role in the development of both predator avoidance responses and the cues used to track predators in the wild.  相似文献   

采摘机械手运动控制及避障研究——基于PLC和物联网远程控制     

赖文雅  王心海  凌永发  李碧青 《农机化研究》2019,(1):201-205

近年来,无线通信技术发展迅猛,无线通信数据传输速度越来越快,远程控制的延时大幅降低,几乎可以忽略不计,因此远程控制逐渐被广泛应用于各个领域。为此,结合物联网远程控制技术和PLC实时控制系统优势,实现了采摘机械手的运动控制及避障系统。实验表明:所设计研究的采摘机械手运动控制及避障系统避障能力强,路径优化平滑,具有很高的可靠性和稳定性。  相似文献