Effects of p.o. administered xylitol in cats          下载免费PDF全文

Á. Jerzsele  Z. Karancsi  E. Pászti‐Gere  Á. Sterczer  A. Bersényi  K. Fodor  D. Szabó  P. Vajdovich 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2018,41(3):409-414

Xylitol is commonly used as sugar substitute in households. While it has numerous beneficial effects on human health, it is highly toxic to dogs. The goal of this study was to examine whether xylitol has similar deleterious effects, such as hypoglycaemia and acute hepatic failure, on cats. Our research included six healthy middle‐aged cats. Xylitol was dissolved in deionized water and administered p.o. at three doses (100, 500 and 1,000 mg/kg body weight). These dosages have been considered toxic and can cause liver failure or even death in dogs. After every xylitol administration, the basic health status and the blood glucose of cats were observed regularly. Additionally, prior to and 6, 24 and 72 hr after xylitol administration, blood samples were taken to check complete blood count, clinical biochemical parameters and enzymes such as ALT, ALKP, GGT, GLDH, bile acids, BUN, creatinine, phosphate, total protein, albumin, sodium and potassium. There were no significant changes (p > .05) in any of the haematological or biochemical parameters. Blood glucose concentrations did not show any significant alterations, except at 1,000 mg/kg dose, where a mild but significant increase was observed, but it was in physiological range. Based on our results, xylitol did not induce toxic effects on cats.  相似文献   

Variability in concentrations of zinc in serum and feed when using zinc oxide as a supplement for the prevention of facial eczema     

KVA Kannan  WA Mason 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2016,64(6):356-359

AIMS: To determine the variability of concentrations of Zn in feed, when used as a supplement to prevent facial eczema, and to determine the variability in concentrations of Zn in serum between cows and herds that are being supplemented with ZnO in feed, using in-shed feeders or on a feed pad.

METHODS: Sixteen commercial dairy farms in the Waikato region of New Zealand were enrolled, that were supplementing cows with ZnO in the feed using either an automatic in-shed feeder (ASF) or a feed pad (FP) using a feed-out or mixer wagon. On each farm 10 cows were selected by the farmer, that were assumed to be representative of the age and liveweight of the herd. Four hours after supplement feeding, each cow was weighed and a blood sample collected for measurement of concentrations of Zn in serum. Three samples of feed were collected from each farm for Zn analysis, from the beginning, middle and end of the feed being distributed. Levene’s test for homoscedasticity was used to analyse whether there were differences in variation of individual concentrations of Zn in serum, and in the feed, between the two feeding systems. Multivariable linear regression was used to examine associations between age, feeding method or liveweight and concentrations of Zn in serum, after accounting for the variability between farms.

RESULTS: Of the 163 cows sampled, concentrations of Zn in serum were between 20–35?µmol/L in 75/163 (46 (95% CI=38–54)%) cows; were <20?µmol/L in 71/163 (44 (95% CI=36–52)%) cows, and >35?µmol/L in 17/163 (10 (95% CI=6–16)%) cows. The variation in concentrations of Zn in serum in individual cows differed between farms (p<0.001), and the variability was greater for cows fed using a FP than ASF (p<0.001). There was no difference in the variation of concentrations of Zn in feed between the two feeding methods (p=0.54), but concentrations of Zn in serum were associated with the amount of Zn offered in feed (p=0.008).

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICIAL RELEVENCE: There was significant variability between farms in the concentrations of Zn in the serum of cows being supplemented with ZnO in feed. Only 46% of cows sampled had concentrations of Zn between 20–35?µmol/L. Effective management of facial eczema should include monitoring Zn in the feed and in serum to ensure cows are receiving the correct dose they require.  相似文献   

Boron toxicity of strawberry     

《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(11):1085-1091

Abstract

Radlands Crimson strawberries were grown in a glasshouse with 7 rates of applied boron. Wood shavings mulches with different boron concentrations were also applied as separate treatments. Boron toxicity symptoms were produced in leaves by boron rates of 0.32 kg ha^‐1 and greater on a soil containing 1.6 ug B g^‐1 of hot water extractable boron. Concentrations greater than 123 μg B g^‐1 in old leaves were associated with boron toxicity symptoms.

In the B rate experiment, soil boron concentrations greater than 1.9 μg B g^‐1 soil were associated with leaf toxicity symptoms which increased in severity with increasing soil boron concentrations up to 4.1 μg B g^‐1 soil. Wood shavings mulch containing 17 μg B g^‐1 caused boron toxicity symptoms in older leaves whereas mulches containing less than 6 μg B g^‐1 did not produce toxicity symptoms.  相似文献   

Changes in Hormonal Balance: A Possible Mechanism of Pre‐Sowing Chilling‐Induced Salt Tolerance in Spring Wheat     

M. Iqbal  M. Ashraf 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2010,196(6):440-454

There is a lack of knowledge about factors contributing to the chilling‐induced alleviatory effects on growth of plants under salt stress. Thus, the primary objective of the study was to determine whether chilling‐induced changes in endogenous hormones, ionic partitioning within shoots and roots and/or gaseous exchange characteristics is involved in salt tolerance of two genetically diverses of wheat crops. For this purpose, the seeds of two spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars, MH‐97 (salt intolerant) and Inqlab‐91 (salt tolerant) were chilled at 3°C for 2 weeks. The chilled, hydroprimed and non‐primed (control) seeds of the two wheat cultivars were sown in both Petri dishes in a growth room and in the field after treatment with 15 dS m^?1 NaCl salinity. Chilling was very effective in increasing germination rate and subsequent growth when compared with hydropriming and control under salt stress. Results from field experiments clearly indicated the efficacy of chilling over hydropriming in improving shoot dry biomass and grain yield in either cultivar, particularly under salt stress. This increase in growth and yield was related to increased net photosynthetic rate, greater potential to uptake and accumulate the beneficial mineral elements (K⁺ and Ca²⁺) in the roots and reduced uptake and accumulation of toxic mineral element (Na⁺) in the shoots of both wheat cultivars when grown under salt stress. Salt‐stressed plants of both wheat cultivars raised from chilled seed had greater concentrations of indoleacetic acid, abscisic acid, salicylic acid and spermine when compared with hydropriming and control. Therefore, induction of salt tolerance by pre‐sowing chilling treatment in wheat could be attributed to its beneficial effects on ionic homeostasis and hormonal balance. The results presented are also helpful to understand the chilling‐induced cross adaptation of plants in natural environments. Moreover, efficacy of pre‐sowing chilling treatment over hydropriming suggested its commercial utilization as a low risk priming treatment for better wheat crop production under stressful environments.  相似文献   

Effects of bark mulch and npk fertilizer on yield,leaf nutrient status and soil mineral nitrogen during three years of strawberry production     

Anita Sønsteby  Arnfinn Nes  Finn Måge 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(3):128-134

The effects of bark mulch and NPK fertilizers on yield and leaf and soil nutrient status of ‘Korona’ strawberry plants (Fragaria×ananassa Duch.), were studied over a period of three years. A significant effect of mulching was found in the first harvest year, but additional fertilizer did not affect total yield. Bark mulch slightly decreased the level of leaf nitrogen, but increased the level of leaf phosphorus and potassium in all years. Bark had a significant, negative effect on soil nitrate and ammonium content in the two first seasons. Mulching increased the soil moisture content in all years.  相似文献   

Pharmacokinetics of Enrofloxacin and Its Metabolite Ciprofloxacin after Intramuscular Administration of Enrofloxacin in Goats     

Rao GS  Ramesh S  Ahmad AH  Tripathi HC  Sharma LD  Malik JK 《Veterinary research communications》2001,25(3):197-204

The pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin and its active metabolite ciprofloxacin were investigated in goats after a single intramuscular administration of enrofloxacin at 2.5 mg/kg body weight. The plasma concentrations of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin were determined simultaneously by a HPLC method. The peak concentrations (C _max) of enrofloxacin (1.13 g/ml) and ciprofloxacin (0.24 g/ml) were observed at 0.8 and 1.2 h, respectively. The elimination half-life (t _1/2), volume of distribution (V _d(area)), total body clearance (Cl_B) and mean residence time (MRT) of enrofloxacin were 0.74 h, 1.42 L/kg, 1329 ml/h per kg and 1.54 h, respectively. The t _1/2, area under the plasma concentration–time curve (AUC) and the MRT of ciprofloxacin were 1.38 h, 0.74 g h/ml and 2.73 h, respectively. The metabolic conversion of enrofloxacin to ciprofloxacin was appreciable (36%) and the sum of the plasma concentrations of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin was maintained at or above 0.1 g/ml for up to 4 h. Enrofloxacin appears to be useful for the treatment of goat diseases associated with pathogens sensitive to this drug.  相似文献   

Concentrations of trimethoprim and sulphadoxine in tissues from goats and a cow.     

P Nielsen  F Rasmussen 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》1975,16(3):405-410

The concentration of trimethoprim and sulphadoxine in plasma and tissue from goats and a cow have been determined after a single intravenous injection. Furthermore, the concentration of the two drugs and their metabolites in plasma and tissues have been determined after continuous intravenous infusion for 2½–3 hrs. Trimethoprim was present in all tissues but brain at higher concentrations than in plasma while the concentration of sulphadoxine in the different tissues were lower than in plasma. The highest concentration of the 2 drugs and their metabolites was found in the kidney. The distribution pattern of trimethoprim and sulphadoxine was similar in cow and goats.  相似文献   

Plasma fentanyl concentrations in awake cats and cats undergoing anesthesia and ovariohysterectomy using transdermal administration   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Egger CM  Glerum LE  Allen SW  Haag M 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2003,30(4):229-236

Objective To measure the plasma fentanyl concentrations achieved over time with transdermal fentanyl patches in awake cats and cats undergoing anesthesia and ovariohysterectomy. Study design Randomized prospective experimental study. Animals Twenty‐four purpose‐bred cats. Methods Cats were randomly assigned to three groups for Part I of a larger concurrent study. Group P received only a 25 μg hour^?1 transdermal fentanyl patch. Group P/A received the patch and anesthesia. Group A received only anesthesia. After a minimum 1‐week washout period, the cats were randomly reassigned to two groups for Part II of the larger study. Group P/A/O received the patch, anesthesia and ovariohysterectomy. Group A/O received anesthesia and ovariohysterectomy. Patches were left in place for 72 hours and plasma samples were obtained for fentanyl analysis while the patches were in place, and for 8 hours after patch removal for cats in Group P, P/A, and P/A/O. Results The 25 μg hour^?1 transdermal fentanyl patches were well tolerated by the cats in this study (mean body weight of 3.0 kg) and no overt adverse effects were noted. Mean plasma fentanyl concentrations over time, mean plasma fentanyl concentrations at specific times (8, 25, 49, and 73 hours after patch placement), time to first detectable plasma fentanyl concentration, time to reach maximum plasma fentanyl concentration, maximum plasma fentanyl concentration, mean plasma fentanyl concentration from 8 to 73 hours, elimination half‐life, and total area under concentration (AUC) were not statistically different among the groups. Conclusions Halothane anesthesia and anesthesia/ovariohysterectomy did not significantly alter the plasma fentanyl concentrations achieved or pharmacokinetic parameters measured, when compared with awake cats. There was a high degree of individual variability observed both within and between groups of cats in parameters measured. Clinical significance The high degree of variability observed suggests that careful observation of cats with fentanyl patches in place is required to assess efficacy and any potential adverse effects. Anesthesia and anesthesia/ovariohysterectomy do not appear to alter plasma fentanyl concentrations achieved by placement of a 25 μg hour^?1 transdermal fentanyl patch when compared to cats not undergoing these procedures.  相似文献   

北方麦区小麦产量与籽粒氮磷钾含量对监控施钾和土壤速效钾的响应     

马悦  田怡  牟文燕  张学美  张露露  于杰  李永华  王浩琳  何刚  石美  王朝辉  邱炜红 《中国农业科学》2022,55(16):3155-3169

【目的】分析我国北方麦区监控施钾下小麦产量与养分吸收分配变化与土壤速效钾的关系,为节约钾资源,实现小麦丰产优质可持续发展提供理论依据。【方法】于2018—2020年在我国北方麦区43个地点进行田间试验,研究不同土壤速效钾水平下监控施钾对小麦产量、产量构成、籽粒氮磷钾含量及养分吸收分配的影响。【结果】北方麦区农户小麦施钾不足和过量问题同时存在。小麦产量随土壤速效钾含量升高显著增加,在土壤速效钾含量150—180 mg·kg^-1时,小麦产量达到最高,为6 340 kg·hm^-2。土壤速效钾过高并不能持续提高小麦产量,当土壤速效钾含量>180 mg·kg^-1时,小麦产量显著降低,平均为5 409 kg·hm^-2。与农户施肥相比,在土壤速效钾含量<90、90—120、120—150和>180 mg·kg^-1时采用监控施肥技术增加了钾肥用量,在速效钾含量150—180 mg·kg^-1时减少了钾肥用量,各土壤速效钾水平下采用监控施肥技术施用钾肥均提高了小麦产量,且在速效钾含量<90和>180 mg·kg^-1时显著增产。土壤有效磷含量>30 mg·kg^-1时,土壤速效钾含量120—150或>180 mg·kg^-1时,不施钾肥小麦产量有降低的趋势。土壤速效钾含量升高显著提高了小麦籽粒氮含量,农户施肥和监控施肥处理的籽粒氮磷钾含量无显著变化,速效钾含量>180 mg·kg^-1时不施钾肥的小麦籽粒磷钾含量显著降低。速效钾含量>150 mg·kg^-1时,监控施肥的钾肥偏生产力与钾肥吸收效率较农户施肥显著提高。【结论】在北方麦区,土壤速效钾含量150—180 mg·kg^-1时,合理施肥可使小麦产量达较高水平,但当土壤有效磷较高,超过30 mg·kg^-1时,不施钾肥小麦有减产风险。应根据土壤速效磷钾和小麦产量水平监控施肥,合理确定钾肥用量,实现北方麦区小麦丰产高效生产。  相似文献   

苦瓜提取物对四种兽医临床常见菌的抑菌活性研究     

蒋林宏  何利惠  张元丽  贺常亮 《中兽医医药杂志》2014,(4):31-33

采用打孔法和二倍稀释法研究不同质量浓度的苦瓜提取物对4种临床常见菌的抑制作用,并测定苦瓜提取物对4种菌株生长曲线的影响。结果显示,10 mg/mL的苦瓜提取物对大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌的抑制作用最强,而对链球菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制作用不显著;苦瓜提取物对4种菌株的最小抑菌浓度（MIC）分别为2.5 mg/mL、2.5 mg/mL、5 mg/mL和10 mg/mL。结果提示,苦瓜提取物具有较强的抑菌活性。  相似文献