Effects of Large Saddle Panels on the Biomechanics of the Equine Back During Rising Trot: Preliminary Results     

《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2017

The saddle panels, directly in contact with the horse's back, are likely an important element to optimize the fitting of the saddle, the comfort of the horse, and subsequently, the pain management in dorsalgic horses. The aim of this study was to better understand the effect of the saddle panels on the horse's back, by evaluating a prototype saddle (comfort panels: CP) compared to a standard saddle (STD). The horse's back movements were measured using inertial measurement units (IMUs) fixed at the levels of thoracic vertebrae T6, T12, T16 (under the saddle) and lumbar vertebrae L2 and L5. The centers of mass (COMs) of the horse and the rider and limb's protraction-retraction angles, pressure between saddle and horse's back, and force on the stirrups were measured using respectively 2D motion capture, pressure mat and force sensors in the stirrup leather. Three horses were trotted at the rising trot (sitting: left diagonal-rider seated; standing: right diagonal-rider standing) by the same rider. To compare saddles, linear mixed-effects regression models were used. The estimated means (SE) were calculated. During sitting phase, pressure in the cranial and middle areas of the saddle significantly increased for CP compared to STD (+0.9 (0.2) kPa and +1.0 (0.1) kPa, respectively) whereas caudal pressure decreased (−1.8 (0.4) kPa). Concurrently, the range of motion of angles T12-T16 and T16-L2 under the saddle significantly increased (+1.8 (0.2)° and +2.3 (0.3)°, respectively). The results showed that modifications of the panels' shape not only affect the pressure distribution but also the kinematics of the thoracic and lumbar regions of the equine back.  相似文献   

基于模糊建模的混炼胶粘度测量     

樊绍胜  王耀南 《湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2004,31(3)

提出了一种在线测量混炼胶粘度的新方法．该方法以模糊建模技术为基础，综合考虑混炼过程各因素对胶料粘度的影响，建立起胶料粘度的在线测量模型．在模糊建模中，采用T-S模型描述胶料粘度变化的非线性过程，提出了一种基于相似性判别的模糊聚类算法以自动确定合适的聚类组数目，并用实数编码的遗传算法优化全局参数，从而获得了规则简化的、具有较高精度的模糊模型．根据此方法，设计了测量装置，并进行了现场试验．试验结果表明模糊模型输出与实验室测量值基本一致，平均误差较低且最大误差未超过1门尼．该方法较大地提高了橡胶混炼的生产效率，为粘度最优控制奠定了基础．  相似文献   

Sectioned pelvic fin ray ageing of muskellunge Esox masquinongy from a Virginia river: comparisons among readers, with cleithrum estimates, and with tag–recapture growth data     

T. O. BRENDEN  E. M. HALLERMAN  & B. R. MURPHY 《Fisheries Management and Ecology》2006,13(1):31-37

Abstract  The potential utility of pelvic fin rays as ageing structures was evaluated for southern US muskellunge Esox masquinongy Mitchill populations by comparing age estimates among three readers and against cleithrum estimates, and by comparing observed length changes of tagged fish with changes predicted from growth equations based on pelvic fin ray age estimates. Mean coefficient of variation in age estimates among all readers and between the two readers with prior ageing experience was 17.8% and 5.6%, respectively. Exact and within 1-year agreement rates between pelvic fin rays and cleithra were 76% and 100%, respectively. Mean (± 2 SE) estimated absolute error between observed and predicted length changes for 13 tagged muskellunge was 30 ± 14 mm. This evaluation indicated that pelvic fin rays may prove to be a useful, non-lethal method for ageing muskellunge in southern US waters. Validation studies are still needed to ensure that growth rings form consistently throughout fish's life span.  相似文献   

非平行直纹面的电解磨削     

干为民  褚辉生苏纯 徐家文 《勤云标准版测试》2005,(3):216-223

为解决整体叶轮扭曲叶片型面的精加工难题,本文进行了五轴联动数控展成电解磨削的基础研究.在分析平行直纹展成电解磨削整体叶轮扭曲叶片的过切误差、得到过切误差计算公式的基础上,提出用圆锥磨轮和组合式五轴联动数控方案来消除过切误差的方法.文中还介绍了数控展成电解磨床的结构与运动、经济型多轴数控系统及其联动控制方法,并建立了电解磨削非平行直纹展成曲面的数学模型,开发了五轴联动数控展成电解磨削自动数控编程系统,对航空发动机整体叶轮的叶片型面进行电解磨削.结果表明,加工效率比手工修磨、抛光提高了12倍以上.  相似文献   

步进电机扭矩测量试验台系统的设计     

惠健 《农机化研究》2005,(6):154-155,158

专用电机扭矩测量仪器精度高，但价格昂贵，操作复杂，长时间使用会出现误差。步进电机扭矩测量试验台系统采用单相交流电机作负载，使用标准扭矩仪对该系统进行标定来对待测调速电机进行扭矩测量。为此，介绍了一种电机扭矩测量系统的构成与工作原理。该系统以单片机为核心，组成扭矩测量与显示系统，可以较好地实现电机扭矩在线测量，具有较好的经济效益。  相似文献   

微波电路电测及其计算方法     

付世民  房维龙 《油气储运》1994,13(4):38-42

从实际工程的角度出发，对电路电测方法进行了论述。在微通信工程中，需要获得障碍物的位置和高度，最合理的天线高度组合和障碍物绕射损耗等参数，为此论述了微波电路电测方法及技术要求。在大庆－秦皇岛输油管道通信工程中采用了Ａ，Ｂ测试法进行测试，得到高度－损耗曲线。这种曲线给出相对自由空间接收电平与收，发天线高度之间的关系。在测试所得的高度－损耗曲线与断面图相结合的基础上，由绕射损耗计算公式推出了几种常见障碍  相似文献   

Non-destructive determination of fat content in frozen and thawed mackerel by near infrared spectroscopy     

Junji  SHIMAMOTO  Kaoru  HASEGAWA  Minoru  SATO  Sumio  KAWANO 《Fisheries Science》2004,70(2):345-347

  相似文献   

散养成乳牛舍环境测定   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

高腾云  史庆生 《家畜生态》1994,15(1):1-5

以一栋散养成乳牛舍为对象，系统地测定了舍内外的气温、气湿、风速、辐射强度、黑体温度及屋顶热流量。结果表明：从６月１日—９月１０日，舍内旬均气温都在２３．４３℃以上，舍内１４：００气温旬均值都在２８℃以上，舍内旬均ＴＨＩ都超过７１．７１；屋顶热流量曲线的斜率很大、峰值出现于１４：００，并且与舍外黑体温度呈高度的正相关；舍内与舍外的黑体温度、辐射强度分别呈中等以上的正相关；冬季舍内寒冷，同时受舍外气流影响大。笔者认为，通过增加牛舍高度、先用高热阻屋面材料和冬季防风可望改进此类牛舍的环境。  相似文献   

家兔选育性状典型相关分析   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

李岩  孙杰 《黑龙江畜牧兽医》2003,(10):14-16

选择日本大耳白和新西兰两个品种家兔的生长、繁殖、以及体尺3组共17个性状，应用多元统计方法进行了典型相关分析，结果表明；日本大耳白兔的初生重、初生窝重、21日龄重、泌乳力、胸围等5个性状，新西兰兔的产活仔数、初生重、21日龄重、泌乳力、断奶窝重、母兔体重等6个性状为主要性状。  相似文献   

森林资源二类续档误差及原因分析   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

郑德祥  陈清海  陈平留  龚直文 《林业资源管理》2004,(4):31-34,47

针对当前森林资源数据二类续档存在的问题,在对永安市大坑采育场大坑工区进行小班实地调查的基础上,以2003年初二类调查小班主要调查因子数据与1996年二类调查续档至2002年底数据进行对比,分析其误差及产生原因,并提出相关建议。  相似文献