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[目的]对比分析紫菀不同极性段提取物的镇咳、平喘及祛痰效果,为进一步研究其药效机理提供理论基础,也为其开发利用提供科学参考.[方法]分别采用浓氨水致咳法、喷雾引喘法、毛细玻管法观察紫菀不同极性段提取物对小鼠的镇咳效果、对豚鼠的平喘效果及对麻醉大鼠的祛痰效果.[结果]石油醚组(Ⅰ)、最后母液组(Ⅳ)及75％乙醇组(Ⅴ)可极显著延长小鼠咳嗽的潜伏期和减少2 min内咳嗽次数(P＜0.01,下同),正丁醇组(Ⅲ)有显著的镇咳作用(P＜0.05,下同);石油醚组(Ⅰ)、正丁醇组(Ⅲ)及75％乙醇组(Ⅴ)能极显著延长4％氯化乙酰胆碱引喘豚鼠的潜伏期;乙酸乙酯组(Ⅱ)、正丁醇组(Ⅲ)、最后母液组(Ⅳ)及75％乙醇组(Ⅴ)可极显著增加大鼠痰液分泌量,石油醚组(Ⅰ)和阳性对照氯化铵组有显著作用.[结论]紫菀75％乙醇提取物具有镇咳、平喘、祛痰作用,3种药效对应的主要有效极性部位分别为石油醚和最后母液部分、石油醚和正丁醇部分、正丁醇和最后母液部分.紫菀镇咳、平喘、祛痰各药效对应的有效极性部位不同,对其药效进行开发利用时应作针对性选择. 相似文献
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A biotype of Aster squamatus (Sprengel) Hieronymus with suspected resistance to the ALS-inhibiting herbicide imazapyr was detected in a chicken farm in the province of Seville, Spain, which had been treated once a year with imazapyr for 10 years. Resistance to imazapyr in this biotype was studied using dose-response experiments, absorption and translocation assays, metabolism studies and ALS activity assays. The rate of imazapyr required to inhibit A squamatus growth by 50% (ED50) was 15 times higher for the R (resistant) than for the S (susceptible) biotype. Cross-resistance existed for the ALS-inhibitors imazamox, imazethapyr, amidosulfuron, nicosulfuron, rimsulfuron, triasulfuron and tribenuron, but not for bensulfuron. Control of A squamatus using alternative herbicides was poor with clopyralid, intermediate with quinclorac, amitrole and MCPA, and excellent with 2,4-D, glufosinate and glyphosate. Absorption of [14C]imazapyr increased over time for both the R and S biotypes, and translocation from the treated leaf to shoots and roots was similar in both biotypes, with most of the radioactivity remaining in the treated leaf. No metabolites of imazapyr were detected in either biotype. Sensitivity of the ALS enzyme (target site) to imazapyr was lower for the R biotype (I50(R) = 4.28 x I50(S)). The mechanism of imazapyr resistance in this R biotype appears to be an altered ALS conferring decreased sensitivity to imazapyr at the whole-plant level. 相似文献
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Bolting and flowering of Aster novi-belgii seedlings as well as correlations between characteristics within seedling populations
and between seedlings and their vegetatively propagated offspring were investigated in order to improve breeding efficiency.
In seedlings of A. novi-belgii, flower induction was observed without vernalization. Seedlings initially formed a rosette,
but bolting was a prerequisite for development of a normal flowering shoot. Bolting was promoted by long photoperiods as compared
to short days. The shortest time from sowing to anthesis was recorded when plants were grown under long photoperiods until
the main stem was at least 5 cm long, and then moved to short photoperiods. A large variation in time to anthesis, plant height,
branching ability, and flower size and color was found among the seedlings within all crosses. Magnitude and significance
of correlations between some characteristics varied among crosses. The more consistent correlations seem mainly to be due
to natural courses of plant growth and development. High correlations between seedling characteristics and their vegetatively
propagated offspring were only found for flower hue. Lower, but significant correlations were found for flower color intensity,
plant height and branching ability. There were no significant correlations for the time-to-anthesis between the two groups
of plants.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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The bio-control potential of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae against two pathogenic microorganisms aster yellows (AY) phytoplasma and Spiroplasma citri has been examined in Madagascar periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus). G. mosseae had a positive influence on healthy C. roseus plants and S. citri infection. It provided bioprotection against S. citri pathogen and induced significant degree of resistance to spiroplasma infection. Besides, symptom expression significantly reduced and shoot height, leaves number, root fresh and dry weight increased in spiroplasma-infected plants treated with mycorrhiza fungus. Although, G. mosseae had no positive effect on phytoplasma disease. The root architectures were affected by the phytoplasma pathogen, and the root surface area dramatically decreased in G. mosseae treated AY-infected periwinkles compared with the control. Nitrogen and Phosphorus concentrations notably increased in spiroplasma + G. mosseae compared with control plants. Potassium concentration did not differ significantly in all mycorrhizal treated and untreated infected plants except in G. mosseae treated healthy plants. The spore density and root colonization rate did not vary in both pathogen treatments G. mosseae + spiroplasma and G. mosseae + phytoplasma. To our knowledge, this is the first report showing the bioprotective effect of G. mosseae on S. citri. The possible mechanisms involved in complex interaction between plants, cell wall-less bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are discussed and the underlying mechanisms for the functioning of AMF are hypothesized. 相似文献
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采用浸叶法,就紫菀(Aster tataricus L.f)甲醇提取物对菜粉蝶(Pieris rapae L.)幼虫生长发育的影响进行了测定.结果表明,紫菀甲醇提取物对菜粉蝶幼虫的生长发育有明显的影响,处理后幼虫的体重减轻,化蛹后的蛹重减轻,化蛹日期推迟,化蛹率降低. 相似文献
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自然(资源)土地覆盖信息对分析和理解当前的陆地形式,尤其是对面临着环境日益恶化的研究区起着重要的作用。本研究综合应用Aster遥感数据和现地实际情况,完善西班牙Guadalteba地区2001年的土地覆盖图,将精度从47％提高到70％。综合土地覆盖图反映了该地区的植物类型分布和目前的自然(资源)土地覆盖状况。基于该图,自然(资源)土地覆盖图显示了自然(资源)和农业用地的当前分布,灌木土地退化图表明了各种灌木区的分布位置及其退化的不同等级,并作了进一步分析和讨论。最终的成果图揭示,Guadalteba地区许多以灌木分布为主导形式的土地已经被改用为农业和其他用途用地。由于人类活动的干扰而导致该地区大部分土地退化,使灌木覆盖仅占约9％的土地面积。图4表3参8。 相似文献
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云南泡桐丛枝病植原体核糖体蛋白基因片段序列分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
应用植原体核糖体蛋白基因通用引物对rpF1/rpR1,对采自云南省曲靖市的泡桐丛枝病植原体DNA (PaWB-QJ)进行PCR扩增,得到1.3 kb的特异片段,证明此病株中存在植原体。将此片段与pGEM-T Easy载体连接并转化大肠杆菌JM109感受态细胞,进行PCR鉴定、核糖体蛋白基因部分核苷酸序列测定及分析。结果表明,该株系(PaWB-QJ)核糖体蛋白基因片段长1 244 bp,包含rps19、rpl22和rps3基因。对PaWB-QJ株系的核糖体蛋白基因序列的同源性比较结果显示与16S rI-B亚组的翠菊黄化(Aster yellows,AY)、长春花黄化(Periwinkle yellows,PY)和泡桐丛枝德国株系(Paulownia witches'-broom,PaWB-German)的亲缘关系最近,达到99.0%以上,而与其它组中的株系明显低于97.0%,所以认为该植原体株系属于翠菊黄化组B亚组(16SrI-B)。 相似文献
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Aster flaccidus bge has been used as traditional medicine in northwestern China. Two new phenylpropanoids (1–2) including one lignan: (7′R, 8S)-9′-lariciresinol-(α-methyl)-butanoate (1), 5,9-dimethoxyl-7-(α-methyl)-butanoxyl-phenyl-2E-propenol-(α-methyl)-butanoate (2) isolated from the chloroform extract of the root of Aster flaccidus bge were identified by means of extensive spectroscopic studies: 1D and 2D NMR spectra as well as HRMS analysis. They have not obvious anti-HIV-1 therapeutic activity (TI = 1.0–1.1) compared with AZT (TI = 55,556) as the result of the determination of their in vitro anti-HIV-1 activity while compound 2 displays strong antitumor activity against BEL 7402 (human liver carcinoma) with cisplatin as a positive control and the effect increases with the measuring-time going on (24 h, IC50: 106.67 ± 8.47 µM — 72 h, IC50: 50.51 ± 6.11 µM). 相似文献