Pb对赤子爱胜蚓的影响     

李许明  李福燕  郭彬  陈柳燕  张黎明  漆智平 《中国农学通报》2007,23(9):1-1

通过急性毒性试验测定了不同培养条件下Pb对蚯蚓的毒害作用,并通过牛粪、砖红壤培养试验,测定了蚯蚓对Pb的忍耐性,及不同形态Pb对蚯蚓体重的影响。研究结果如下：蚯蚓在在液、沙、泥土和干牛粪中的急性半致死剂量（LD50）分别为354.41 mg/kg、360.95 mg/kg、1228.02 mg/kg和3894.62 mg/kg。蚯蚓在腐熟牛粪中对Pb有很好的忍耐性,当牛粪中Pb含量达到15000 mg/kg时蚯蚓依然能够生存。蚯蚓在Pb污染砖红壤生活60d后回收率和体重均有下降,在土壤Pb含量分别为400 mg/kg和444 mg/kg时蚯蚓的回收率和增长率下降最快,分别为0.6403和-0.4358。限制蚯蚓增长的程度大小Pb形态依次为：碳酸盐结合态>交换态>有机态>无定形氧化锰结合态>晶形氧化铁结合态>无定形氧化铁结合态>残渣态  相似文献   

Vermicomposting of coffee pulp using the earthworm Eisenia fetida: Effects on C and N contents and the availability of nutrients   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

F. H. Orozco  J. Cegarra  L. M. Trujillo  A. Roig 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》1996,22(1-2):162-166

In Colombia, more than 1 million tons of coffee pulp are produced every year. Its transformation into compost by means of turned piles has led to a final product with poor physical and chemical characteristics and vermicomposting has been suggested as an alternative method of transforming these wastes into a useful organic fertilizer. The ability of the earthworm Eisenia fetida to transform coffee pulp into a valuable compost was evaluated. The influence of bed depth and time on different C fractions, N content and availability of nutrients was studied. The results showed that the C and N contents were not affected by the depth of the bed, whereas time affected both. An increase in the fractionation ratio, determined by calculating the C in the fraction smaller than 100 m as a percentage of C in the samples as a whole, and low values of humic-like substances were recorded during vermicomposting. After ingestion of the pulp by the earthworms, an increase in available P, Ca, and Mg but a decrease in K were detected.  相似文献   

小麦光腥黑粉菌转化子最适固体培养基的筛选     

李丹丹  何婷  王梦可  刘太国  刘博  陈万权  玄元虎  高利 《植物保护》2020,46(6):164-169

为了筛选小麦光腥黑粉菌转化子最适培养基, 以提高小麦光腥黑粉菌转化子生长速度, 选取了3个菌落形态不同的转化子(ZHZ-1, ZHZ-2, ZHZ-3)进行培养试验?用6 mm打孔器打取菌饼, 将菌饼置于9种培养基上16℃避光培养?观察?测量小麦光腥黑粉菌转化子的菌丝生长情况?菌落直径等主要指标, 结果表明, 9种培养基中, 3种转化子都是在完全培养基(complete medium, CM)上生长状况最好, 菌丝生长速度最快?ZHZ-1转化子在CM培养基上菌落圆形, 有褶皱, 产生大量白色菌丝, 生长速度快?ZHZ-2转化子菌落圆形, 产生大量白色菌丝, 生长速度快?ZHZ-3转化子菌落云纹状, 有褶皱, 产生大量白色菌丝, 生长速度快?  相似文献   

从新旧蚯蚓匀浆液中制备蚯蚓纤溶酶组分的比较研究     

刘泽民  赵晓瑜  刘彬彬  李冬  张锋  张冬  崔大岭 《河北农业大学学报》2006,29(6):95-98

为探寻从蚯蚓匀浆液中制备蚯蚓纤溶酶(EFE)的简便途径,利用亲和层析的方法,分别从新鲜制备的与多年存放的蚯蚓匀浆液中制备了新、旧蚯蚓纤溶酶(即新、旧EFE)。利用天然电泳、SDS-PAGE纤维蛋白活性电泳分析组分差异,通过纤维蛋白平板比较两者纤溶酶活性,发现蚯蚓匀浆液在存放过程中,EFE的部分组分发生降解,但EFE的比活却升高了1.4倍。  相似文献   

小麦光腥黑穗菌萌发的超微结构研究     

马青  王少先  米鸿斌 《西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版)》1999,27(3):110-112

透射和扫描电镜观察表明,小麦光腥黑穗病菌冬孢子萌发时只生出一根原菌丝,而内壁发生多处消解。原菌丝含有多个细胞核,并有脂肪粒、核糖体、糖原和线粒体等。原菌丝顶端可形成８个担孢子,并桥接形成“Ｈ”形菌丝。  相似文献   

酚醛泡沫对蚯蚓及土壤微生物活性的影响     

罗秋萍  李虎  苏建强 《农业环境科学学报》2022,41(5):976-982

为检测市面上某种农用酚醛泡沫的使用安全性,采用人工土壤法研究酚醛泡沫对赤子爱胜蚓的急性毒性;同时测定了酚醛泡沫暴露64 d后的慢性毒性效应,对蚯蚓超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）活性的影响,并分析了土壤中性磷酸酶（S-NP）、脲酶（S-UE）活性和呼吸速率的变化,探讨了酚醛泡沫对土壤活性及功能的影响。结果表明:酚醛泡沫对赤子爱胜蚓的急性半致死浓度大于5 000 mg·kg^-1;酚醛泡沫（1~5 000 mg·kg^-1）处理64 d后,蚯蚓GSH-Px活性变化范围为27.47~56.96U·mg^-1,SOD活性变化范围为32.43~58.10 U·mg^-1,两种酶活性均显著增加（P<0.05）。不添加酚醛泡沫的对照处理土壤呼吸速率为0.067 μmol·g^-1·h^-1,添加酚醛泡沫的处理组为0.041~0.055 μmol·g^-1·h^-1,表明酚醛泡沫添加显著（P<0.05）抑制了土壤呼吸;但酚醛泡沫处理对土壤S-NP和S-UE活性没有显著影响。研究表明,酚醛泡沫材料（5 000 mg·kg^-1）对蚯蚓没有致死作用,但会诱导蚯蚓酶活性显著增强,抑制土壤呼吸速率。  相似文献   

Lethal effects caused by suspended particles and sediment load on zoospores and gametophytes of the brown alga <Emphasis Type="Italic">Eisenia bicyclis</Emphasis>     

Hisayuki?ArakawaEmail author 《Fisheries Science》2005,71(1):133-140

ABSTRACT:   The effects caused by suspended particles in seawater and sediment cover of the substrate on the attachment to the substrate of zoospores, and on the subsequent growth and survival of gametophytes of the brown alga Eisenia bicyclis were examined in the laboratory. The attachment rate to the substrate of the zoospores was remarkably reduced by the sediment cover on the substrate, and it decreased to 3.8% of the no-sediment control by a slight sediment cover of 3.0 mg/cm² (0.048 mm in thickness). The growth of gametophytes was not inhibited at 10 mg/cm² or less of sediment cover, though it was stopped at 30 mg/cm². The survival rate of gametophytes became 39.4% at 5 mg/cm² on the substrate, and gametophytes were all blighted at 30 mg/cm². The ratio of male to female of the surviving gametophytes became 81.5:18.5, when the sediment cover was 10 mg/cm². The rate of total loss ( TL [%]) of zoospores and gametophytes of Eisenia bicyclis was obtained from the following equation: TL  = 100 (1 − exp[−0.0339  C ] exp[−1.24  Q ]), where, C (mg/L) and Q (mg/cm²) indicate the concentration of suspended particles in seawater and the sediment on the substrate, respectively.  相似文献   

Paederia foetida — a promising ethno-medicinal tribal plant of northeastern India     

Silpi Chanda  Indira P. Sarethy  Biplab De  Kuldeep Singh 《林业研究》2013,24(4):801-808

The northeastern region of India constitutes one of the biodi-versity hotspots of the world. The ethnic groups inhabiting this region practice their distinctive traditional knowledge systems using biod...  相似文献   

Toxicological effects of TiO₂ and ZnO nanoparticles in soil on earthworm Eisenia fetida     

C.W. Hu  M. Li  Y.B. Cui  J. Chen  L.Y. Yang 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2010,42(4):586-247

Nanoparticles (NPs) of TiO₂ and ZnO are receiving increasing attention due to their widespread applications. To evaluate their toxicities to the earthworm Eisenia fetida (Savigny, 1826) in soil, artificial soil systems containing distilled water, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0 or 5.0 g kg⁻¹ of NPs were prepared and earthworms were exposed for 7 days. Contents of Zn and Ti in earthworm, activities of antioxidant enzymes, DNA damage to earthworm, activity of cellulase and damage to mitochondria of gut cells were investigated after acute toxicity test. The results from response of the antioxidant system combined with DNA damage endpoint (comet assay) indicated that TiO₂ and ZnO NPs could induce significant damage to earthworms when doses were greater than 1.0 g kg⁻¹. We found that Ti and Zn, especially Zn, were bioaccumulated, and that mitochondria were damaged at the highest dose in soil (5.0 g kg⁻¹). The activity of cellulase was significantly inhibited when organisms were exposed to 5.0 g kg⁻¹ of ZnO NPs. Our study demonstrates that both TiO₂ and ZnO NPs exert harmful effects to E. fetida when their levels are higher than 1.0 g kg⁻¹ in soil and that toxicity of ZnO NPs was higher than TiO₂.  相似文献   

Rubber leaf litters (Hevea brasiliensis, var RRIM 600) as vermiculture substrate for epigeic earthworms, Perionyx excavatus, Eudrilus eugeniae and Eisenia fetida: The 7th international symposium on earthworm ecology · Cardiff · Wales · 2002     

Priyasankar S. Chaudhuri  T.K. Pal  Gautam Bhattacharjee  S.K. Dey 《Pedobiologia》2003,47(5-6):796-800

  相似文献