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1.
钾肥施用量对脐橙产量和品质的影响 总被引:30,自引:0,他引:30
1996~1999年连续4年在湖北省秭归县进行了脐橙钾肥施用量田间试验。结果表明,尽管各处理脐橙产量年度变化很大,但施钾显著提高产量和经济效益,1997~1999年施钾平均增产26.3%~41.8%,施钾(K2O)125、250、375kg/hm2年均增加纯利 10110、15840、9970元/hm2,产投比分别为 19.38、15.40和7.04;在试验条件下施钾(K2O)250kg/hm2增产效果最好;施钾有提高脐橙外观品质和内在品质的趋势,例如施钾提高或保持单果重、增加果皮厚度、提高维生素C含量等;但施钾对品质的影响年度间差异较大,尚需进一步研究。 相似文献
2.
3.
Application and crop safety parameters for soil fumigants 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
A. S. Csinos T. M. Webster D. R. Sumner A. W. Johnson C. C. Dowler K. W. Seebold 《Crop Protection》2002,21(10):973-982
Metam sodium alone and in combination with 1,3-dichloropropene plus 17% chloropicrin (1,3-D+C-17) were evaluated under polyethylene mulch film as alternatives for methyl bromide in tobacco and tomato transplant production for both efficacy against pests and crop safety. Eight different weed species, 10 genera or species of fungi and several agronomic criteria were evaluated at three different sites. In general both the metam sodium alone and in combination with 1,3-D+C-17 were highly efficacious when compared to methyl bromide. Short polyethylene film retention times and short aeration times resulted in poor stands and poor crop vigor while relatively long polyethylene film retention times and long aeration periods at the same rates typically resulted in high stand counts and vigor. Combination treatments were more phytotoxic to germinating seed of tobacco and tomato. Vigor and stand counts of the seedlings were higher as aeration time increased, suggesting phytotoxic residues dissipate with time. Method of application of metam sodium, either injected with chisels or sprayed onto the soil surface and incorporated with a tractor-powered tiller alone or co- applied with 1,3-D+C-17 chisel injected, did not affect the efficacy of the treatments. Caution regarding phytotoxicity must be exercised when seeding into soil fumigated with metam sodium alone or combined with 1,3-D+C-17. Additional work will be required to establish safety periods required prior to transplanting crops into fumigated soil. 相似文献
4.
AIM: To investigate the effect of cGMP on voltage-gated potassium channel in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) from rats exposed to chronic hypoxia. METHODS: (1) Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group (group A) and chronic hypoxia group (group B). Then group B received hypoxia 8 hours per day for 4 consecutive weeks. (2) Single PASMC was obtained via acute enzyme separation method. (3) Conventional whole-cell patch clamp technique was used to record resting membrane potential (Em) and ion currents of voltage-gated potassium channel. The changes of ion currents of voltage-gated potassium channel before and after applying cGMP (1 mmol/L), an agonist of protein kinase G (PKG), and cGMP plus H-8 (1 mmol/L), an inhibitor of PKG were compared between two groups. RESULTS: The Em of group B were significantly lower than that of group A. The ion currents of voltage-gated potassium channel in group A and group B were all significantly inhibited by cGMP [control group: from (118.0±5.0) pA/pF to (89.9±16.5) pA/pF, n=6, P<0.05;chronic hypoxia group: from (81.0±5.0) pA/pF to (56.8±9.1) pA/pF, n=6, P<0.05]and these effects were reversed by H-8 [control group: from (119.2±10.3) pA/pF to (117.8±9.1) pA/pF, n=6, P>0.05;chronic hypoxia group: from (96.8±6.2) pA/pF to (98.0±2.2) pA/pF, n=6, P>0.05]. CONCLUSIONS: The currents of voltage-gated potassium channel was inhibited by chronic hypoxic. The inhibitory effect of cGMP on currents of voltage-gated potassium channel in PASMCs from both normal and chronic hypoxic rats may be probably through the phosphorylation of voltage-gated potassium channel. 相似文献
5.
AIM:To study the changes of K+ channels of outer hair cells in guinea pig cochlea with streptomycin ototoxicity. METHODS:Auditory brainstem responses (ABR) and whole-cell patch clamp techniques were used.RESULTS:(1) The body weight of guinea pigs with streptomycin ototoxicity decreased significantly; (2) The ABR threshold markedly increased in streptomycin group (Ⅱ,Ⅲ);(3)The number of dissociated outer hair cells of guinea pigs (Ⅱ,Ⅲ) was lower than that of control (Ⅰ); (4) Streptomycin decreased the Ca2+-sensitive K+ currents and delayed outward K+ currents distinctly; (5) There was no significant difference of K+ currents between Ⅰ and Ⅱ/Ⅲ. CONCLUSION:These results suggest that the inhibition of K+ channels is the basis of streptomycin ototoxicity, but not the direct reason for cell death. 相似文献
6.
AIM and METHODS: Total RNA was extracted from 6th rat subcultured pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells(PASMC) exposed to continual chronic hypoxia or normoxia and the effects of chronic hypoxia on the changes of Kv1.3,Kv2.1,Kv3.1 mRNA in cultured PASMC induced by acute hypoxia were studied by semiquantitative RT-PCR in vitro. RESULTS:①Kv1.3,Kv2.1,Kv3.1 genes were found to be expressed in PASMC of rats exposed either to hypoxia or normxia.②The expression of Kv2.1 and Kv3.1 in 6th subcultured of PASMC in normaxia group could be upregulated by exposure to acute hypoxia,the levels of Kv2.1 and Kv3.1 mRNA were significantly increased from 0.646±0.092, 0.782±0.104 to 1.059±0.134, 0.985±0.116,respectively (P<0.01,n=5). ③PASMC cultured continuously in chronic hypoxia for 6 subcultures and then exposed to normoxia for 12 h,thereafter the expression of Kv2.1 and Kv3.1 were downregulated by acute hypoxia for 6 hours.The level of Kv2.1 mRNA was significantly decreased from 1.008±0.117 to 0.649±0.097 (P<0.01,n=5). CONCLUSION:Kv2.1,Kv3.1 genes might be oxygen sensitive genes.Chronic hypoxia might change the response of these Kv genes of PASMC to acute hypoxia and down-regulate its expression,which might probably decrease the role of Kv in HPV. 相似文献
7.
AIM:To investigate the changes in intracellular potassium activity(aiK) and membrane potential(Vm) induced by low external sodium infusion (Low [Na]o) and to detect the mechanisms involved and the relationship between aiK and Vm. METHODS:aiK and Vm were measured in infusion with different sodium concentrations using methods of convenient and ion selective microelectrodes in guinea pig ventricular myocardium. RESULTS:Low [Na]o resulted in a decrease in aiK and an increase in Vm in a Na+ concentration-dependent manner.At the same time,contraction and resting potential increased, and action potential duration decreased markedly,but action potential amplitude was not affected. A change of the pH from 7.4 to 7.0 in low [Na]o solution reduced the decrease in aiK, but did not affect the increase in Vm.CONCLUSION:A better linear relationship appeared between the changes in aik and [Na]o or in Vm and [Na]o,while during each low [Na]o the change in both aiK or Vm may reach a new balance level. 相似文献
8.
番茄环斑病毒(TmRSV),烟草环斑病毒(TRSV),南芥菜花叶病毒(ArMV)的病汁液和PEG粗提纯液,经适宜温度或甲醛处理,均丧失侵染性而有抗原性。TmRSVPEG粗提纯液经60℃(水浴)处理10分钟或28℃7天,TRSV粗提纯液置25℃一个月,Ar-MV在40℃7天条件下均可做为阳性对照的灭活处理的最佳方案。可保存抗原性在7~12月以上。为了防止危险性检疫病毒的侵入,对入境种苗进行检疫,需建立快速、准确、标准化检疫程序,而在血清学快速诊断试验中,提供阳性对照,对提高判断准确率是必要的。因此,为了解决在诊断试剂中提供阳性对照但又不能使其检疫性病毒人为扩散这一重要问题,我们在研究三种外检病毒(TmRSV,TRSV,ArMV)的检验技术的同时,又进行了一些灭活试验,用化学和物理方法钝化病毒,使其失去侵染性而保持抗原性,并应用于酶联诊断试剂盒中,本文报道了初步试验结果 相似文献
9.
单性结实与自花结实柑橘果实发育中钙钾动态的研究 总被引:12,自引:2,他引:12
对单性结实的‘国庆1 号’温州蜜柑和自花结实的‘华农本地早’橘从开花前子房发育至果实成熟采收期整个子房或幼果及果实的不同部位(果皮和果肉) 的钙与钾含量变化进行了测定。结果表明:1) ‘国庆1 号’花前及花期子房钙含量较高, 花后趋降; 而其钾含量在花前及花期相对较低, 花后上升;2) ‘华农本地早’花前子房钙含量相对较低, 花后有一上升过程; 而对应钾在花前及花期就已很高, 花后下降; 3) 两品种果肉的钙含量自花后65 d 后均呈下降趋势, 而‘国庆1 号’果皮的钙含量在花后80 d 有一显著上升, 对应的‘华农本地早’在花后125 d 才急剧增加, 之后直至果实成熟二者均维持在较高水平;4) 两品种果皮、果肉的钾含量在果实发育过程中均呈类似的下降趋势。 相似文献
10.
AIM: To investigate the role of potassium channels in the regulation of intracellular free calcium concentration ( [Ca2+]i) of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) in rats. METHODS: The fluorescence Ca2+ indicator Fura-2/AM was used to observe [Ca2+]i of rat PASMCs in normal and chronic hypoxic condition. The influences of potassium channels on PASMCs proliferation were assessed by MTT assay. RESULTS: 1. In normoxic condition, [Ca2+]i was (156.91±8.60) nmol/L, and in hypoxic condition, [Ca2+]i was (294.01±16.81) nmol/L. 2. In normoxic condition, the voltage-dependent K+-channel antagonist 4-aminopyridine (4AP), but not the Ca2+-activated K+-channel antagonist tetraethylammonium (TEA) and the ATP-sensitive K+-channel antagonist glibenclamide (Glib) increased [Ca2+]i. 3. In hypoxic condition, 4AP and TEA caused the rise in [Ca2+]i , but Glib had no effect on [Ca2+]i. 4. MTT assay showed that 4AP increased the value of absorbing light degree (A value) in normoxic and hypoxic condition (0.582±0.062,0.873±0.043,respectively, P<0.01), TEA increased A value only in hypoxic condition, and Glib had no effect on the proliferation of PASMCs. CONCLUSIONS: KV plays an important role in the regulation of [Ca2+]i and proliferation of PASMCs. KCa serves as distinct responsive roles in the regulation of proliferation of PASMCs in hypoxic condition. KATP has no effect on [Ca2+]i and proliferation of PASMCs in normoxic and hypoxic conditions. 相似文献