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Min Yang Zhengyu Mao Xuemei Jiang Pierre Cozannet Lianqiang Che Shengyu Xu Yan Lin Zhengfeng Fang Bin Feng Jianping Wang Jian Li De Wu Yong Zhuo 《Journal of animal science》2021,99(6)
We investigated the effects of dietary fiber (DF) supplementation in normal or low crude protein (CP) diets on reproductive performance and nitrogen (N) utilization in primiparous gilts. In total, 77 Landrace × Yorkshire pregnant gilts were randomly allocated to four dietary treatments in a 2 × 2 factorial design. The groups comprised 1) equal intake of normal CP (12.82% and 0.61% total lysine), 2) low CP (LP) (10.53% and 0.61% total lysine), and 3) with or 4) without DF supplementation (cellulose, inulin, and pectin in a 34:10:1 ratio). A low-protein diet during gestation significantly reduced daily weight gain from days 91 to 110 of pregnancy (−162.5 g/d, P = 0.004). From N balance trials conducted at days 35 to 38, 65 to 68, and 95 to 98 of pregnancy, DF addition increased fecal N excretion at days 65 to 68 (+24.1%) and 95 to 98 (+13.8%) of pregnancy (P < 0.05) but reduced urinary N excretion (P < 0.05), resulting in greater N retention at each gestational stage. DF increased fecal microbial protein levels and excretion during gestation. An LP diet also reduced urinary N excretion at different gestational stages. An in vitro fermentation trial on culture media with nonprotein N urea and ammonium bicarbonate (NH4HCO3) as the only N sources revealed that microbiota derived from feces of gestating gilts fed the high DF diet exhibited a greater capacity to convert nonprotein N to microbial protein. Microbial fecal diversity, as measured by 16S rRNA sequencing, revealed significant changes from DF but not CP diets. Gilts fed an LP diet had a higher number of stillbirths (+0.83 per litter, P = 0.046) and a lower piglet birth weight (1.52 vs. 1.37 kg, P = 0.006), regardless of DF levels. Collectively, DF supplementation to gestation diets shifted N excretion from urine to feces in the form of microbial protein, suggesting that the microbiota had a putative role in controlling N utilization from DF. Additionally, a low-protein diet during gestation negatively affected the litter performance of gilts. 相似文献
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Estimation of the standardized ileal digestible lysine requirement for primiparous pregnant sows 
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下载免费PDF全文 M. Shi C. X. Shi Y. K. Li D. F. Li F. L. Wang 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2016,100(2):287-293
This experiment was conducted to determine the optimal standardized ileal digestible lysine (SID Lys) level in diets fed to primiparous sows during gestation. A total of 150 (Landrace × Large White) crossbred gilts (weighing 149.9 ± 3.1 kg) were fed gestation diets (12.55 MJ of ME/kg) containing SID Lys levels of 0.43, 0.52, 0.60, 0.70 or 0.80% respectively. Gilts were fed 2.0 kg/day from day 1 to 80 and 3.0 kg/day from day 80 to 110 of gestation respectively. Gilts were allocated to treatments based on their body weight on the day of breeding. Weight gain from day 80 to 110 increased with increasing dietary SID Lys levels (p = 0.044). Fitted broken‐line (p = 0.031) and quadratic plot (p = 0.047) analysis of body weight gain indicated that the optimal SID Lys level for primiparous sows was 0.70 and 0.69% respectively. During gestation, neither backfat thickness nor loin eye area was affected by dietary SID Lys level. Increasing dietary Lys had no effect on the litter size at birth or pigs born alive per litter. Litter weight at birth was not affected by dietary SID Lys level. The litter weight variation at birth quadratically decreased with increasing dietary SID Lys (p = 0.021) and was minimized at 0.70% dietary SID Lys. Gilts fed the 0.70% SID Lys diet had the highest dry matter (p = 0.031) and protein (p = 0.044) content in colostrum. On day 110 of gestation, gilts fed the 0.70% SID Lys diet tended to have the highest serum prolactin (p = 0.085) and serum insulin (p = 0.074) levels. The data demonstrate that the optimal dietary SID Lys was 0.70% for pregnant gilts, which is similar to the recommendation of 0.69% that was estimated by the NRC (2012). 相似文献
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The main purpose of the present study was to investigate whether boar seminal plasma affects the transport of spermatozoa in the genital tract of oestrous pigs or not, with special reference to the sperm transport into the oviducts. Altogether 17 gilts were used in three experiments.Experiment I. In nine gilts one uterine horn was injected surgically with 1010 spermatozoa suspended in seminal plasma and the other uterine horn with 1010 spermatozoa suspended in TESNaK-glucose buffer solution. The sperm deposition was performed under general anaesthesia. The gilts were slaughtered 1–2 or 4–6 h after insemination. The genital tract was removed and the numbers of spermatozoa determined in oviducts and in uterine horns.Experiment II. The insemination doses were prepared exactly as in Experiment I. Approx. 24 h before insemination Polyvinylchloride cannulas were inserted into the uterine lumen of the horns, drawn via the midventral incision at linea alba subcutaneously to cutaneous incisions ventral to the vulva opening. One cannula was placed in each uterine horn. At standing heat the insemination doses were slowly injected through the cannulas. The gilts were slaughtered 1 h after insemination and the numbers of spermatozoa within the genital tract were counted.Experiment III. In three gilts under general anaesthesia the uterine horns were ligated 10 cm from the uterotubal junction. The semen doses (containing 2 × 109 spermatozoa), prepared as in Experiment I, were deposited into the uterine horns anterior to the ligatures through a cannula. The gilts were slaughtered 1 h after insemination, and the numbers of spermatozoa within the oviducts and ligated part of the uterine horns were counted.In all three experiments more spermatozoa were, on average, recovered in the oviducts connected to uterine horns inseminated with spermatozoa suspended in seminal plasma. In Experiments I andII this was the case for 10 of 14 gilts and in Experiment III for all the three gilts. It is therefore suggested that boar seminal plasma pro¬motes sperm transport into the oviduct of oestrous pigs. The back¬ground mechanism for this is discussed. 相似文献
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为探讨精准定时输精(fixed-time artificial insemination, FTAI)对后备母猪早期胚胎发育和繁殖性能的影响,试验1选取自主培育的金乌猪后备母猪43头,随机分为2组,其中,对照组24头,为自然发情,观察后人工配种(artificial insemination, AI);试验组19头,为精准定时输精组。分别于0 h(停喂烯丙孕素)、42 h [肌注孕马血清促性腺激素(pregnant mare serum gonadotropin, PMSG)]、122 h [肌注促性腺激素释放激素(gonadotropin releasing hormone, GnRH)]静脉采血,检测孕酮(progesteron, P4)、雌二醇(estradiol, E2)、促卵泡激素(follicle-stimulating hormone, FSH)和黄体生成素(luteinizing hormone, LH)的含量;在配种后33 h,分别屠宰对照组和试验组4头后备母猪,回收受精卵进行体外培养,其余后备母猪继续饲养并进行分娩与产仔情况追踪。结果显示,从停喂烯丙孕素至42 h和122 h,P4值呈下降趋势但差异不显著(P>0.05);停喂烯丙孕素至停喂后42 h,E2值从80 pmol·L-1显著(P<0.05)下降至58.3 pmo·L-1,而在PMSG作用后又急剧升至134.07 pmol·L-1(P<0.01);FSH值未见显著变化(P>0.05);停喂烯丙孕素至停喂后42 h,LH值由0.09 IU·L-1升至0.12 IU·L-1(P>0.05),PMSG作用后又降至0.09 IU·L-1(P>0.05),呈先升后降的趋势,符合正常生理周期的变化趋势,表明用药合理无副作用。屠宰后卵巢排卵点计数结果显示,试验组17.5枚,对照组15.25枚,差异不显著(P>0.05);试验组平均窝均总产仔数、活仔数与对照组相比未见显著差异,但相对提高1.05头。试验2选取大长后备母猪189头,处理方式同试验1,随机分为试验组94头、对照组95头,试验组活仔较对照组约提高0.58头(P>0.05),断奶成活率提高2.99百分点。综上所述,精准定时输精程序处理符合母猪生理发情周期特质,可增加排卵数且对早期胚胎发育无不良影响,在提高后备母猪的利用率、增加窝均活仔数和提高仔猪断奶成活率等方面都有一定的积极作用,值得进一步优化研究和推广应用。 相似文献
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Sven Viring 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》1980,21(4):587
Twenty-four gilts were inseminated pair-wise with live or dead spermatozoa from the same ejaculate. The insemination dose was 100 ml undiluted semen containing, on average, 19×109 spermatozoa. The gilts were slaughtered 1, 2, 6 and 12 h after insemination. The numbers of spermatozoa were counted in the uterus, uterotubal junction and in four equally long segments of the oviduct, called I–IV, with a haemocytometer. IV was adjacent to the uterotubal junction. The numbers of spermatozoa recovered in the uterus diminished significantly during the first 12 h after insemination. From gilts inseminated with live spermatozoa more spermatozoa were recovered in the uterotubal junction than from gilts inseminated with dead spermatozoa. Two h after insemination spermatozoa were recovered in all oviducts. Significantly more live than dead spermatozoa were recovered in Segments III and IV of the oviduct, regardless of time. In gilts inseminated with live spermatozoa the sperm count in Segment I varied significantly with time, being hiigest 2 h after insemination. At 6 and 12 h there were no distinct differences in the distribution of live spermatozoa between the various oviduct segments. The numbers of spermatozoa recovered in the oviduct were at these times apparently related to the sperm depots in the uterotubal junction. 相似文献
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母猪繁殖障碍征的病因学研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
某猪场一批初产母猪发生流产、早产、死胎、死仔和木乃伊胎为主要表现的繁殖障碍征。调查发现繁殖障碍占调查胎数的 ５１７％ ,其中早产占 １０８％ ,一窝中部分死胎（仔）占 ６９６％ ,全窝死亡占 １９６％ 。在因繁殖障碍损失的胎、仔数中,死胎占６９７％ ,产后即死占 ２４９％ ,木乃伊和畸形占５４％ 。血清学检测结果显示：呼吸和繁殖障碍综合征、流行性乙型脑炎和布鲁氏菌病为阴性而细小病毒为阳性,故诊断为细小病毒感染所致。 相似文献
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后备荣昌母猪适宜消化能和赖氨酸需要量研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
旨在探讨研究35～55 kg后备荣昌母猪适宜日粮消化能(DE)与表观可消化赖氨酸(ADLys)水平。选用(34.45±4.53)kg后备荣昌母猪216头,随机分为12个处理,每个处理6个重复,每个重复3头。采用3×4因子设计,日粮DE分别为11.72、12.34和12.97 MJ/kg,ADLys分别为0.43%、0.53%、0.63%和0.73%。结果表明:随着日粮DE水平的提高,试验猪日增重显著提高(P0.05),饲料增重比显著降低(P0.05),P2背膘厚显著增加(P0.01),母猪发情率呈现上升趋势(P0.1)。日粮Lys水平提高使血清尿素氮含量呈现上升趋势(P0.1)。在本试验条件下,35～55 kg后备荣昌母猪适宜日粮DE和ADLys水平分别为12.97MJ/kg和0.43%。 相似文献
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文章旨在评估呕吐毒素污染的玉米对后备猪生长性能、养分消化及血液指标的影响。试验选择平均初始体重为（33.77±0.23）kg的二元后备猪320头，随机分为4组，每组4个重复，每个重复20头。对照组饲喂正常玉米～豆粕型日粮，处理组饲喂分别用100、200和300 g/kg呕吐毒素污染的玉米替代正常玉米配制日粮，试验共进行14 d。结果：随着日粮毒素污染玉米添加量的升高，对照组1～14 d后备猪的平均日增重较其他组分别提高7.56%、8.32%和14.46%（P＜0.05），同时对照组后备猪1～14 d采食量较T2和T3组显著提高了2.86%和3.94%（P＜0.05），料重比较T3组显著降低了8.97%（P＜0.05）。对照组14 d后备猪阴户宽度较其他组分别显著提高了9.01%、13.74%和11.44%（P＜0.05）。处理组血清IgM浓度较对照组分别显著提高了25.05%、29.65%和25.85%（P＜0.05），血清尿素氮浓度较对照组分别显著提高了30.91%、21.77%和25.19%（P＜0.05），血清谷丙转氨酶（ALT）活性较对照组分别显著提高了33.50%、27.34%和30.46%（P＜0.05）。结论：在本研究条件下，饲喂呕吐毒素污染玉米对后备猪生长性能的负面影响主要表现为采食量和饲料效率降低，但对养分表观消化率无负面影响。 相似文献
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为探究品种、进群和配种季节、首配日龄对后备母猪繁殖性能的影响,本研究观察并记录了1 656头后备母猪的繁殖情况,分别按照品种、进群季节、配种季节、首配日龄将其分组,并进行组间统计分析。结果表明：①长白后备母猪的配种利用率（89.73%）极显著（P<0.01）高于大白后备母猪（75.00%）和长大二元杂后备母猪（80.57%）;长大二元杂后备母猪的窝均总仔数（11.36）极显著（P<0.01）高于大白后备母猪（10.35）,显著（P<0.05）高于长白后备母猪（10.74）;②春季和冬季进群的长大二元杂后备母猪配种利用率（100.00%、100.00%）极显著（P<0.01）高于夏季（71.89%）和秋季（51.47%）,同时夏季也极显著（P<0.01）高于秋季;秋季配种的长大二元杂后备母猪受胎分娩率（86.21%）分别显著（P<0.05）和极显著（P<0.01）低于春季（94.07%）和冬季（97.42%）;③长大二元杂后备母猪首配日龄在211~230 d组的窝均活仔数（9.30）显著（P<0.05）低于231~250 d（10.15）和251~270 d（10.36）组,并且极显著（P<0.01）低于271~290 d（10.48）组;211~230 d组的窝均合格仔数（8.96）显著（P<0.05）低于231~250 d（9.82）组,极显著（P<0.01）低于251~270 d（10.04）和271~290 d（10.21）组。综合试验结果,长白后备母猪的配种利用率较好,长大二元杂后备母猪的产仔性能较好。长大二元杂后备母猪在春、冬季节进群时配种利用率较好,在秋季配种时受胎分娩率较差;且其首配日龄在211~230 d时产仔性能较低,在211~290 d时产仔性能较高。 相似文献