Acquired Thermo‐Tolerance and Trans‐Generational Heat Stress Response at Flowering in Rice          下载免费PDF全文

B. R. Raju  S. V. K. Jagadish 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2016,202(4):309-319

In rice, pre‐exposure to sublethal treatment followed by harsh lethal treatment is known to improve tolerance of different abiotic stresses at the vegetative stage within and across generations. Our major aim was to test the phenomenon of thermo‐tolerance at flowering across (trans)‐generations and within generation using rice cultivars contrasting for heat stress tolerance at flowering. To test trans‐generational response, plants were exposed to higher temperature at flowering stage and seeds obtained from previous generations were exposed to heat stress during flowering, which recorded significantly lower fertility when exposed to the same degree of stress in their subsequent generations. A pre‐acclimation to moderately high acclimating temperatures imposed over three different durations during the vegetative and initial reproductive stage showed positive response in the tolerant N22, particularly under severe heat stress (40 °C). This finding indicates the possibility of acquiring ameliorative thermo‐tolerant mechanisms at anthesis, restricted to tolerant genetic backgrounds to combat subsequent harsh conditions within the same generation. However, trans‐generational memory was ineffective in mitigating spikelet sterility losses in both tolerant and susceptible backgrounds. Rice is extremely sensitive to heat stress during flowering; hence, similar exercise across other crops of interest needs to be carried out before generalizing conclusions.  相似文献   

鸡Hsc70基因5′侧翼区SNP与耐热性状的相关分析     

陈卓宇  罗思琳  甘建伉  张细权  罗庆斌 《兽医大学学报》2012,(9):1339-1343

为研究Hsc70基因作为鸡抗病育种中一种分子标记的可能性,本试验利用克隆测序技术对清远麻鸡、广东温氏矮脚黄鸡、灵山鸡和隐性白羽洛克鸡4个品种共20个个体Hsc70基因的5′侧翼区进行多态性筛查,发现10处变异,包括8个SNPs和2个插入/缺失突变。通过分析,选取C.-521A〉C位点,利用PCR-RFLP方法分析了此位点在灵山鸡和隐性白羽洛克鸡群体中的基因型分布,所得分型结果与测定的耐热性状（T3、皮质酮、CD3＋、CD4＋和CD8＋）进行关联分析,结果表明：常温状态下（15℃）,在隐性白羽洛克鸡群体中,位点C.-521A〉C与CD3＋、CD4＋和CD8＋显著相关（P〈0.05）,其中AA基因型个体CD3＋值显著低于AC基因型个体,而CD4＋与CD8＋值显著高于AC基因型个体;热应激状态下（35℃）,在灵山鸡群体中,位点C.-521A〉C与CD8＋极显著相关（P〈0.01）,CC基因型个体CD8＋值极显著高于AA和AC基因型。  相似文献   

Effects of thermo‐resistant non‐starch polysaccharide degrading multi‐enzyme on growth performance,meat quality,relative weights of body organs and blood profile in broiler chickens          下载免费PDF全文

M. Mohammadi Gheisar  A. Hosseindoust  I. H. Kim 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2016,100(3):499-505

This research was conducted to study the performance and carcass parameters of broiler chickens fed diets supplemented with heat‐treated non‐starch polysaccharide degrading enzyme. A total of 432 one‐day old Ross 308 broiler chickens were allocated to five treatments: (i) CON (basal diet), (ii) E1: CON + 0.05% multi‐enzyme, (iii) E2: CON + 0.1% multi‐enzyme, (iv) E3: CON + 0.05% thermo‐resistant multi‐enzyme and (v) E4: CON + 0.1% thermo‐resistant multi‐enzyme, each treatment consisted of six replications and 12 chickens in each replication. The chickens were housed in three floor battery cages during 28‐day experimental period. On days 1–7, gain in body weight (BWG) improved by feeding the diets supplemented with thermo‐resistant multi‐enzyme. On days 7–21 and 1–28, chickens fed the diets containing thermo‐resistant multi‐enzyme showed improved (p < 0.05) BWG and feed conversion ratio (FCR) compared to CON group. Supplementing the diets with multi‐enzyme or thermo‐resistant multi‐enzyme affected the percentage of drip loss on d 1 (p < 0.05). Drip loss percentage on days 3 and 5 and also meat colour were not affected significantly. Supplementing the diets with multi‐enzyme or thermo‐resistant multi‐enzyme did not affect the relative weights of organs but compared to CON group, relative weight of breast muscle increased and abdominal fat decreased (p < 0.05). Among measured blood constituents, chickens fed supplemented diets with thermo‐resistant multi‐enzyme showed higher (p < 0.05) IgG. Counts of red and white blood cells and lymphocyte percentage were not affected. In conclusion, the results demonstrated that supplementing pelleted diets with thermo‐resistant multi‐enzyme improved performance of broiler chickens.  相似文献   

YS型小麦温敏不育系A3314育性转换过程中叶片和幼穗酶活性的变化   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

宋喜悦  胡银岗  马翎健  李宏斌  何蓓如 《麦类作物学报》2009,29(5):818-822

为研究YS型小麦温敏雄性不育系的育性转换机制,在不同育性条件下,测定了YS型小麦温敏不育系A3314及其原同型保持系TSP3314不同发育时期叶片和幼穗中过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性及丙二醛(MDA)含量.结果表明,两种育性条件下,A3314幼穗中酶的变化较叶片对其育性影响大;同一发育时期SOD、POD、CAT活性基本呈现不育条件下比可育条件下低的趋势,特别是在减数分裂期后表现更加明显.MDA含量与SOD、POD、CAT活性变化趋势相反.这些结果说明YS型小麦温敏不育系中酶活性与花粉育性密切相关.  相似文献   

萍乡显性核不育水稻临界温度值及其温度敏感期的研究   总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14  

龚慧明  贺浩华  刘宜柏  曾汉来 《中国水稻科学》2000,14(1):19-23

利用人工气候箱研究了萍乡显性核不育水稻临界温度值及其温度敏感期。试验结果表明高温诱导萍乡显性核不育水稻纯合不育株和杂合不育株育性转换的临界值均为27℃～ 28℃, 说明高温诱导萍乡显性核不育水稻育性转换不存在显性不育基因的剂量效应; 萍乡显性核不育水稻育性转换温度敏感期在花粉母细胞形成期至减数分裂期, 即抽穗前18～ 12 d;同时, 讨论了该不育材料的实际应用问题。  相似文献   

水稻光温敏核不育系培矮64S低温下育性表达规律研究     

廖伏明  袁隆平 《杂交水稻》2000,(Z2)

藉人工气候室的人控光温条件 ,对两系杂交水稻不育系培矮 64S在 2 2 .0～ 2 3 .0℃的低温下的育性表达规律进行了连续 2年的跟踪研究。主要结果如下 :1) 2 3 .0℃的低温仅能导致培矮 64S花粉不育度的明显降低 ,而 2 2 .5℃和 2 2 .0℃的低温则不仅能导致花粉不育度的下降 ,而且还能诱导一定程度的自交结实 ;2 )培矮 64S的育性温度敏感终止期为幼穗分化第 6期 (花粉母细胞减数分裂期 ) ,育性温度最敏感期为幼穗分化第 4～ 5期 (雌雄蕊形成期至花粉母细胞形成期 ) ;3 )培矮 64S具有光敏性 ,其临界光长处于 13 5 0～ 13 .3 8h之间 ,光敏温度范围为 2 3～ 2 8℃ ;4 )对于农艺性状已经稳定的高世代培矮 64S而言 ,其控制育性表达的遗传基础尚不纯 ,表现在来源相同的不同株系间或同一株系内不同单株间在低温下育性表达存在显著的差异 ,且低温强度加大 ,这种差异就更为明显  相似文献   

双向推力轴承支承结构对润滑性能的影响     

黄滨  吴军令  武中德  焦磊  王乐勤 《排灌机械工程学报》2012,30(6):690-694

为分析水泵水轮机双向推力轴承支承结构对润滑性能的影响,建立了推力轴承的三维热弹流动力润滑数学模型,并给出了合理的边界条件. 分别通过有限差分法和大型有限元软件Ansys11.0求解热流体动力润滑模型和瓦块的热弹变形,二者之间的数据传递通过自编接口自动实现. 将文中所建立的计算模型应用于算例分析,得到额定工况下的油膜厚度、油膜压力和瓦块温度分布情况,通过对理论计算结果和试验测量结果对比发现两者吻合较好. 在此基础上分析了3种不同支承结构下的轴承静特性分布和瓦面热弹变形分布趋势.结果表明：选择合理的支承结构将明显提高轴承的润滑性能,条形支承结构和双托盘支承结构的瓦面热弹变形分布比单托盘支承结构更加合理,因此润滑性能要明显优于单托盘支承结构.  相似文献   

乙醇柴油发动机的颗粒排放及其热解动力学分析     

汪家全  孙平  梅德清  郭林山 《农业工程学报》2011,27(14):110-113

利用热重分析仪对柴油机燃用0#柴油和乙醇柴油排放的颗粒进行热重及其动力学分析。研究表明,柴油中添加乙醇有助于降低柴油机的颗粒排放。通过颗粒的热重分析得出,颗粒氧化过程主要发生水分挥发、可溶性物质氧化和固体碳氧化3个过程,其中,固体碳约占颗粒总量的70%,可溶性有机物约占颗粒总量的25%。通过Coats-Redfern法对颗粒热重数据进行动力学计算分析,得出柴油机燃用0#柴油的颗粒的活化能为130.3 kJ/mol,燃用乙醇柴油的颗粒的热解活化能为122.9 kJ/mol,两拟合曲线的线性回归系数均大于0.99。为开发高效的颗粒催化剂及柴油机颗粒捕集器选择适当的可再生技术提供理论依据。  相似文献   

两系杂交水稻应用化学杂交剂保纯的研究 Ⅰ.“保纯灵”诱导光温敏核不育水稻雄性不育的效果     

刘庆龙  卢向阳  彭丽莎  罗泽民  周庭波  林芳仕  吴松青 《湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版)》1998,(4)

为了探讨化学杂交剂对光温敏核不育水稻雄性不育的影响效果,１９９３～１９９６年对光温敏核不育水稻衡农Ｓ－１和培矮６４Ｓ进行了化学杂交剂筛选和应用技术的研究．结果表明,湖南农业大学生化教研室研制的无毒化学杂交剂“保纯灵”在光温敏核不育水稻衡农Ｓ－１和培矮６４Ｓ可育状态下叶面喷施（适宜时期为花粉充实早期）,诱导雄性不育效果较好,辅助制种能明显提高杂种纯度,在衡农Ｓ－１和培矮６４Ｓ育性恢复、自交结实率２０％左右时,每６６６．７ｍ２分别用“保纯灵”１６０和２４０ｇ,对水２００ｋｇ叶面喷施１次,一般空壳率达９８％,杂种纯度９５％左右;Ｆ１杂交种子发芽率正常,秧苗生长旺盛;根芽比提高,细胞色素氧化酶、过氧化物酶和多酚氧化酶活性增强;“保纯灵”对水稻杀雄有效的剂量范围广,活性期长,处理后水稻开花集中,午前花比例提高,雌蕊柱头生活力正常．但处理后的水稻植株对赤霉素有轻度钝感,生育期延长２～３ｄ．  相似文献   

6个籼型水稻光温敏核不育系异交特性的研究   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

温圣贤  杨书化  李泽炳  万经猛  田亚雯 《华中农业大学学报》1999,18(5):401-404

以３２０４Ｓ、ＨＮ５Ｓ、８９０６Ｓ、安湘Ｓ、１１０３Ｓ和９４５１Ｓ等６个籼核不育系为材料,对其异交性能进行了研究。结果表明：（１）６个核流通 系的颖花开花率均高于对照珍汕９７Ａ;柱头外露率从高到低依次为１１０３Ｓ、珍汕９７Ａ（ＣＫ）、３２０４Ｓ、安湘Ｓ、８９０６Ｓ、ＨＮ５Ｓ、９４５１Ｓ;８９０６３Ｓ、安湘Ｓ、９４５１Ｓ有花率比对照珍汕９７Ａ高,６个核不 系的平均张颖时间均比对照珍汕９７Ａ短;（２）  相似文献