Comparative pharmacokinetics of marbofloxacin in healthy and Mannheimia haemolytica infected calves     

Ismail M  El-Kattan YA 《Research in veterinary science》2007,82(3):398-404

The pharmacokinetics of marbofloxacin were investigated in healthy (n=8) and Mannheimia haemolytica naturally infected (n=8) Simmental ruminant calves following intravenous (i.v.) and intramuscular (i.m.) administration of 2 mg kg(-1) body weight. The concentration of marbofloxacin in plasma was measured using high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. Following i.v. administration of the drug, the elimination half-life (t(1/2 beta)) and mean residence time (MRT) were significantly longer in diseased calves (8.2h; 11.13 h) than in healthy ones (4.6 h; 6.1 h), respectively. The value of total body clearance (CL(B)) was larger in healthy calves (3 ml min(-1) kg(-1)) than in diseased ones (1.3 ml min(-1) kg(-1)). After single intramuscular (i.m.) administration of the drug, the elimination half-life, mean residence time (MRT) and maximum plasma concentration (C(max)) were higher in diseased calves (8.0, 12 h, 2.32 microg ml(-1)) than in healthy ones (4.7, 7.4 h, 1.4 microg ml(-1)), respectively. The plasma concentrations and AUC following administration of the drug by both routes were significantly higher in diseased calves than in healthy ones. Protein binding of Marbofloxacin was not significantly different in healthy and diseased calves. The mean value for MIC of marbofloxacin for M. haemolytica was 0.1+/-0.06 microg ml(-1). The C(max)/MIC and AUC(24)/MIC ratios were significantly higher in diseased calves (13.0-64.4 and 125-618 h) than in healthy calves (8-38.33 and 66.34-328 h). The obtained results for surrogate markers of antimicrobial activity (C(max)/MIC, AUC/MIC and T > or = MIC) indicate the excellent pharmacodynamic characteristics of the drug in diseased calves with M. haemolytica, which can be expected to optimize the clinical efficacy and minimize the development of resistance.  相似文献   

Pharmacokinetics of oxolinic acid and oxytetracycline in kuruma shrimp, Penaeus japonicus     

Kazuaki Uno   《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2004,230(1-4):1-11

The pharmacokinetics of oxolinic acid and oxytetracycline were examined in kuruma shrimp (Penaeus japonicus) after intra-sinus (10 and 25 mg/kg, respectively) and oral (50 mg/kg) administration. The shrimp were kept in tanks with recirculated artificial seawater at a salinity of 22–23 ppt. The water temperature was maintained at 25±0.6 °C. The hemolymph concentrations of both drugs after intra-sinus dosing were best described by a two-compartment open model. The distribution and elimination half-lives (t_1/2 and t_1/2β) were found to be 0.59 and 33.2 h for oxolinic acid and 0.45 and 24.7 h for oxytetracycline, respectively. The apparent volume of distribution at a steady state (V_ss) and total body clearance (CL_b) were estimated to be 1309 ml/kg and 28.8 ml/kg/h for oxolinic acid and 748 ml/kg and 22.7 ml/kg/h, respectively. The hemolymph concentration–time curves after oral administration did not fit by the nonlinear least squares method using one- and two-compartment model with first-order absorption in either of the drugs. The peak hemolymph concentration (C_max), the time to peak hemolymph concentration (t_max) and the elimination half-life were found to be 17.8 μg/ml, 7 h and 34.3 h for oxolinic acid and 24.3 μg/ml, 10 h and 33.6 h for oxytetracycline, respectively. The bioavailability (F) after oral administration was 32.9% for oxolinic acid and 43.2% for oxytetracycline. The hemolymph protein binding in vivo was determined to be 36.7±8.5% for oxolinic acid and 22.9±4.8% for oxytetracycline.  相似文献   

Bioavailability of zinc and lead from a contaminated soil amended with pine bark-goat manure compost     

E. M. Gichangi  P. N. S. Mnkeni 《Journal of plant nutrition》2016,39(5):600-608

The distribution in soil and plant uptake of zinc (Zn) and lead (Pb) as influenced by pine bark-goat manure (PBG) compost additions were investigated from the soils artificially contaminated with Zn or Pb ions using maize (Zea mays L.) as a test crop. Soils were amended with four rates of pine bark-goat manure compost (0, 50, 100, and 200 tons ha^?1) and four rates (0, 300, 600 and 1200 mg kg^?1) of Zn or Pb. Maize was planted and grown for 42 days. At harvest, plants samples were analyzed for Zn and Pb concentration. Soils samples were analyzed for pH, extractable and diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA) extractable Zn and Pb. Extractable Zn and Pb was lower in PBG compost amended soils than in unamended soils and steadily declined with increasing amount of compost applied. The extractable fraction for Zn dropped by 62.2, 65.0 and 44.6% for 300, 600 and 1200 mg Zn kg^?1, respectively when 200 t ha^?1 of PBG compost was applied. Metal uptake by maize plants were directly related to the rate of applied heavy metal ions with greater concentrations of metals ions found where metal ions were added to non-amended soils.  相似文献   

品种和土壤对水稻镉吸收的影响及镉生物有效性预测模型研究进展   总被引：7，自引：2，他引：7  

叶新新  孙波 《土壤》2012,44(3):360-365

稻田受重金属镉(Cd)污染后,土壤中的Cd可能被植物吸收通过食物链进入人体,威胁人类健康。而水稻品种和土壤类型对Cd吸收和积累有着深远的影响,因此在进行Cd的农产品安全阈值制定和人体健康风险评价时,需考虑土壤Cd的生物有效性和不同水稻品种对Cd吸收的影响。本文综述了水稻品种和土壤类型对Cd吸收和积累的影响,并重点介绍了目前常用于预测重金属生物有效性的模型,以期为环境风险评价、土壤环境质量标准及农产品安全阈值制定提供有效的工具,并为生产安全(无公害)稻米提供参考。  相似文献   

Hydrolase activity, microbial biomass and community structure in long-term Cd-contaminated soils     

G. Renella  M. Mench  G. Pietramellara  M.T. Ceccherini  P. Nannipieri 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2004,36(3):443-451

Long-term effects of high Cd concentrations on enzyme activities, microbial biomass and respiration and bacterial community structure of soils were assessed in sandy soils where Cd was added between 1988 and 1990 as Cd(NO₃)₂ to reach concentrations ranging from 0 to 0.36 mmol Cd kg⁻¹ dry weight soil. Soils were mantained under maize and grass cultivation, or ‘set-aside’ regimes, for 1 year. Solubility of Cd and its bioavailability were measured by chemical extractions or by the BIOMET bacterial biosensor system. Cadmium solubility was very low, and Cd bioavailability was barely detectable even in soils polluted with 0.36 mmol Cd kg⁻¹. Soil microbial biomass carbon (B_C) was slightly decreased and respiration was increased significantly even at the lower Cd concentration and as a consequence the metabolic quotient (qCO₂) was increased, indicating a stressful condition for soil microflora. However, Cd-contaminated soils also had a lower total organic C (TOC) content and thus the microbial biomass C-to-TOC ratio was unaffected by Cd. Alkaline phosphomonoesterase, arylsulphatase and protease activities were significantly reduced in all Cd-contaminated soils whereas acid phosphomonoesterase, β-glucosidase and urease activites were unaffected by Cd. Neither changes in physiological groups of bacteria, nor of Cd resistant bacteria could be detected in numbers of the culturable bacterial community. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis of the bacterial community showed slight changes in maize cropped soils containing 0.18 and 0.36 mmol Cd kg⁻¹ soil as compared to the control. It was concluded that high Cd concentrations induced mainly physiological adaptations rather than selection for metal-resistant culturable soil microflora, regardless of Cd concentration, and that some biochemical parameters were more sensitive to stress than others.  相似文献   

坡耕地径流沉积物中磷素的富集特征及其生物有效性     

崔力拓  李志伟 《土壤通报》2008,39(5)

通过模拟降雨试验和回归分析,研究了洋河流域坡耕地径流沉积物对磷素的富集特征及其生物有效性,结果表明:洋河流域坡耕地径流沉积物对磷有明显的富集作用,富集系数在1.33～1.43之间;沉积物中磷的形态以无机磷为主,平均占全磷的75.23%,对不同结合态的磷富集程度有明显差异;不同土壤条件下,径流沉积物中各结合态磷的生物有效性不同,Fe-P对沉积物中NaOH-P的贡献率最大.  相似文献   

施氮量对豫北冬小麦产量及子粒主要矿质元素含量的影响   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

黄玉芳  叶优良  赵亚南  岳松华  白红波  汪洋 《作物杂志》2019,35(5):104-411

以兰考矮早8、豫麦49-198和平安8号为材料,设置5个氮素水平（0、120、180、240、360kg/hm ²）,研究不同施氮量对豫北冬小麦子粒产量及其N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn、B等矿质元素含量的影响。结果表明：子粒中N与B（r=0.879）、N与Mg（r=0.858）、Mg与Zn（r=0.871）、Mg与B（r=0.877）含量间相关系数较高。施氮显著提高了子粒N、Ca、Fe、Cu、Zn、B含量,K、Mg含量受施氮量影响较小,但P和Mn含量明显下降。兰考矮早8子粒中各种矿质元素（除B外）含量明显高于平安8号,豫麦49-198介于二者之间。施氮在提高小麦子粒产量的同时降低了P/Ca、P/Mg、P/Fe和P/Zn的值,增强了Ca、Mg、Fe、Zn的生物有效性。此外,研究发现施氮量达到180kg/hm ²后,继续增施氮肥小麦产量难以提升。可见,合理的氮肥管理可以提高豫北地区冬小麦产量及子粒中微量元素的含量;过量施氮不仅难以提高子粒产量,还会降低子粒P和Mn的含量。  相似文献   

土壤重金属植物有效性研究进展   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

韩新宁 《安徽农业科学》2010,38(26):14585-14586,14590

对土壤重金属植物有效性的影响因子和植物有效性的评估进行了综述,分析了该领域存在的问题,并对今后的发展趋势进行了预测。  相似文献   

氟苯尼考PEG6000固体分散体在大鼠体内的生物利用度研究     

于欣洋  赵修华  祖元刚  刘洋 《安徽农业科学》2014,(9):2613-2614,2616

[目的]研究氟苯尼考PEG6000固体分散体在大鼠体内的生物利用度.[方法]建立大鼠血浆中氟苯尼考的HPLC检测方法.用灌喂药物水溶液的方法,通过高效液相分析技术对氟苯尼考PEG6000固体分散体的血药浓度进行测定,与氟苯尼考原粉进行对照.[结果]氟苯尼考PEG6000固体分散体在大鼠体内吸收及代谢良好,氟苯尼考固体分散体和氟苯尼考原药的最高血药浓度分别为13.44和3.88 μ.g/ml,提高了3.46倍;药-时曲线下面积分别为：氟苯尼考原粉AUC0-8h=20.12 25 μg/（ml·h）、氟苯尼考固体分散体AUC0-8h=23.22μg/（ml·h）,氟苯尼考-PEG6000固体分散体口服生物利用度与氟苯尼考原粉相比提高了15.39％.[结论]氟苯尼考-PEG6000固体分散体能显著提高氟苯尼考的生物利用度.  相似文献   

肌肉注射硫酸安普霉素在猪体内的药代动力学和生物利用度研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

胡振英  张新国  尚若锋  徐忠赞  李世宏  宋中枢  孙国栋  张均仁  刘俊平 《中国兽药杂志》2001,35(5):18-21

对6头健康猪单剂量静脉注射、肌肉注射国产硫酸安普霉素,研究其在猪体内的药代动力学和生物利用度.用微生物法测定血清药物浓度,结果平均回收率为99.03%,血清最低检测浓度为0.05μg/ml,日内日间变异系数为2.2%～5.1%,且血清浓度在0.05～3μg/ml范围呈良好线性关系(r＝0.9965).对猪静注、肌注硫酸安普霉素20mg/kg后,经MCPKP药代动力学计算机程序处理,体内药物运转符合开放型二室模型,肌肉注射0.856h后达峰药浓度Cmax为36.09±1.22μg/ml;t1/2分别为1.58±0.67h、1.06±0.11h,CLB分别为0.15L/kg/h、0.17 L/kg/h,V1分别为0.71L/kg、0.1L/kg,绝对生物利用度为AUC i.m/AUC i.v＝88.47%±3.32%,上述药代动力学数据为动物临床用药提供有价值的理论依据.  相似文献