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To provide food and nutrition security for a growing world population, continued improvements in the yield and nutritional quality of agricultural crops will be required. Wheat is an important source of calories, protein and micronutrients and is thus a priority to breed for improvements in these traits. The GRAIN PROTEIN CONTENT-B1 (GPC-B1) gene is a positive regulator of nutrient translocation which increases protein, iron and zinc concentration in the wheat grain. In the ten years since it was cloned, the impacts of GPC-B1 allelic variation on quality and yield traits have been extensively analyzed in diverse genetic backgrounds in field studies spanning forty environments and seven countries. In this review, we compile data from twenty-five studies to summarize the impact of GPC-B1 allelic variation on fifty different traits. Taken together, the results demonstrate that the functional copy of the GPC-B1 gene is associated with consistent positive effects on grain protein, Fe and Zn content with only marginally negative impacts on yield. We conclude that the GPC-B1 gene has the potential to increase nutritional and end use quality in a wide range of modern cultivars and environments and discuss the possibilities for its application in wheat breeding. 相似文献
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Henrik Brinch-Pedersen Claus Krogh MadsenInger Bæksted Holme Giuseppe Dionisio 《Journal of Cereal Science》2014
The present paper summarizes the current state of knowledge on cereal phytase that are particular relevant for improving mineral and phosphate bio-availability. Phytases can initiate the hydrolysis of phytate, the main storage form of phosphate in cereals and the major anti-nutritional factor for the bio-availability of micronutrients in human nutrition. The composition and levels of mature grain phytase activity (MGPA) in cereals is of central importance for efficient phytate hydrolysis. The MGPA varies considerably between species. Substantial activity is present in Triticeae tribe cereals like wheat, barley and rye whereas non-Triticeae cereals such as maize and rice have very little MGPA. Recent studies have determined the evolutionary relationships of phytases in Triticeae and non-Triticeae and highlighted the importance of the purple acid phosphatase phytases (PAPhys). In the Triticeae, PAPhys are synthesized during grain development (PAPhy_a) and during germination (PAPhy_b). In non-Triticeae species, only PAPhys that are mainly synthesized during germination were identified. The new knowledge provides new opportunities for modulating the MGPA in Triticeae cereals but also indicates that nutritionally relevant levels of MGPA are unlikely to be achieved in non-Triticeae by conventional breeding. Increasing MGPA in barley via cisgenesis is discussed. 相似文献
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Quantitative trait loci for phytate in rice grain and their relationship with grain micronutrient content 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
James C. R. Stangoulis Bao-Lam Huynh Ross M. Welch Eun-Young Choi Robin D. Graham 《Euphytica》2007,154(3):289-294
Phytate (inositol-hexa-phosphate) has an important role in plants but it also may have anti-nutritional properties in animals
and humans. While there is debate within the plant breeding and nutrition communities regarding an optimum level in grain,
there appears to be little information at the molecular level for the genetics of this trait, and its association with important
trace elements, in particular, Fe and Zn. In this preliminary study, quantitative trait loci (QTL) for grain phytates, Zn
and Fe in glasshouse-grown rice lines from an IR64 × Azucena doubled haploid population were identified. Correlations between
phytate and essential nutrients were also studied. Transgressive segregation was found for most traits. Phytate and total
P concentrations had one QTL in common located on chromosome five with the (high concentration) allele contributed from Azucena.
There were significant positive correlations between phytate and inorganic phosphorus (P), total P, Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn concentrations
for both grain concentration and content. However, the QTLs of phytate were not located on the same chromosomal regions as
those found for Fe, Zn and Mn, suggesting that they were genetically different and thus using molecular markers in breeding
and selection would modify the phytate level without affecting grain micronutrient density. 相似文献
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Djordje Grujcic Milanka Drinic Iva Zivanovic Ismail Cakmak Bal Ram Singh 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2018,68(4):301-310
Maize (Zea mays L.) is the most widely grown crop in Bosnia and Herzegovina especially in Northwest part of the country. Considering that, the maize is extremely sensitive to micronutrient deficiency the main aim of this study was to asses: (1) micronutrient availability in soil, (2) micronutrient status in silage maize; and (3) the relationship between micronutrient soil availability and maize plant concentration. Soil samples for micronutrient availability (n?=?112) were collected from 28 farms in 7 municipalities. Plant available micro- and macro- nutrients in soil were extracted using Mehlich-3, except plant available Se was extracted using 0.1M KH2PO4. Result showed that on average there was no significant difference between different soil types regarding their potential in plant available nutrients. P deficiency was present both, in soil and plants in whole region. Soil extractable P was ranging from 0.003–0.13?g?kg?1 and total plant P was ranging from 0.79–4.95?g?kg?1. Zinc deficiency was observed in two locations both in soil (0.71?mg?kg?1; 0.79?mg?kg?1) and plant (11.5?mg?kg?1; 15.8?mg?kg?1). Potential Se soil deficiency was observed on some locations, while Se plant status is not high enough to meet daily requirements of farm animals. Extractable soil nutrients could be used as relatively good predictor of potential soil and plant deficiencies, but soil nutrient interactions and climate conditions are highly effecting the plant uptake potential. 相似文献
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《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(17):2507-2513
Deficiency of micronutrients is increasing in crop plants in recent years in Oxisols and Ultisols in the tropics. The predominant soils in the coastal tablelands of Brazil are Ultisols and Oxisols, with low cation exchange capacity and kaolinitic clay mineralogy. Soil copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn) extracted by the Mehlich 1 solution, currently used in the regional soil-testing laboratories, were compared with those extracted by the Mehlich 3 and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) solutions in a greenhouse experiment with 10 soil samples (0–20 cm deep) collected from representative Ultisols and Oxisols from various locations in the region. Corn was grown as a test crop, and its dry matter and micronutrient uptake was measured at 30 days of growth. Soil Cu, Mn, and Zn extracted with the three solutions were significantly correlated (0.65–0.95 range for r values), with the Mehlich 3 solution extracting greater quantities than the Mehlich 1 and DTPA solutions. Zinc and Cu taken up by corn plants were significantly related to their soil-extractable levels measured at harvest with all three of the solutions, except for Zn DTPA. However, similar relations between plant uptake and soil extractable Mn were poor, except for DTPA extracting solution. 相似文献
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W. H. Eppendorfer B. O. Eggum 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1996,49(2):163-174
In pot experiments with greatly differing rates of N, P, S, K and Ca, dry matter (DM) yields of leek stems varied from 25 to 164 g/pot. Total-N and NO3-N concentrations varied from 1.18 to 3.56% and from 10 to 1515 ppm in DM, respectively. Both N applications and P and K deficiency greatly increased total-N and NO3-N content. S applications increased total-S content from 0.047 to 0.359% in DM, of which between approximately 100 to 25% were found in methionine+cystine. Total-N/total-S ratios decreased from 57 to 6 with the highest S level. P and K applications increased their respective content in DM two- and threefold. Severe Ca deficiency reduced Ca content from 0.495 to 0.045%. Iron, zinc, manganese and copper contents varied from 33–69, 14–26, 11–34 and 3.1–5.7 ppm in DM, respectively. Increasing N contents, whether due to N applications or P or K deficiency, decreased the content of all essential and some other amino acids in crude protein. Both S and severe P deficiency had a pronounced negative effect on amino acid composition and chemical score. Only glutamic acid (glutamine) and arginine were increased by increasing N contents. However, expressed as g/kg DM the concentrations of all amino acids were positively correlated with protein content. S and P deficiency reduced total dietary fibre (TDF) content of DM from 28.3 to 18.6% and 17.4%, respectively, of which between 53 and 60% were insoluble dietary fibre (IDF). Digestible energy (DE) was positively correlated with protein content (r=0.90**). In N-balance trials with rats, increasing protein concentrations (50% of total protein given as casein and supplemented with 1% methionine) raised the true digestibility (TD) of the protein from 44 to 72%. The biological value (BV) of protein was generally high, with a mean of 91.7 N deficiency tended to increase and S deficiency tended to decrease the BV. 相似文献
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The research presents analytical data on three varieties of a commonly consumed vegetable, Lesianthera africana, in southern Nigeria. The Etoi (bitter) variety seemed to possess the best (p0.01) nutritional value (highest lipid, protein, calories, iron, calcium, phosphorus, least fiber) but highest toxic components (mg/100 g: 1.62 HCN; 17.6 oxalate; 1630 glucosinolates), which are far below toxic limits. The Ikot Abasi (riverine) variety was found to be highly (p0.01) fibrous (18.1 mg/100 g dry matter) but low in micronutrient minerals. The Etinan (flavorful) variety was found to be moderately nutritious. The findings are discussed in relation to nutrient interactions and recommendations are made regarding dietetic use. 相似文献
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以番茄品种粉冠1 号为供试材料,研究不同组氨酸浓度和施用方式对番茄种子萌发、植株生长和体内微量元素浓度
的影响。结果表明：浸种过程中加入0.3 mmol·L-1 的组氨酸或催芽阶段加入0.2 mmol·L-1 的组氨酸能够明显促进番茄种子萌
发;水培试验中根施0.1～0.2 mmol·L-1 组氨酸能够明显增加番茄的株高、根长、根部和地上部干质量;喷施0.1 mmol·L-1 组
氨酸使番茄根部和地上部铁、锌浓度分别显著提高了42.84%、150.52% 和28.50%、37.20%。实际生产中可根据需求选择适
当组氨酸施用浓度及方式,从而达到提质增产的效果。 相似文献