Replacement of fish oil in plant‐based diets for Pacific white shrimp,Litopenaeus vannamei,by stearine fish oil and palm oil     

Fabio Soller  Luke A. Roy  D. Allen Davis 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2019,50(1):186-203

Stearine fish oil (SFO) and palm oil (PO) have emerged as promising alternatives for the replacement of fish oil (FO) in aquafeeds. This study evaluated the replacement of FO with alternative oils in practical diets for Litopenaeus vannamei. In a clear brackish water study (14.1 g/L) utilizing shrimp (0.29 ± 0.02 g, initial weight), FO was replaced by SFO at inclusion ratios of 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, and 0:100 (FO:SFO) and PO as 90% of FO. After 55 days, no significant differences (p < 0.05) in final weight, growth, or survival of shrimp were observed. A second trial (8 weeks) in low‐salinity water (2.1 g/L) with shrimp (0.92 ± 0.02 g, initial weight) evaluated diets with 100% FO, 100% SFO, 90% PO, 90% soybean oil (SO), or 90% flaxseed oil (FXO) as a replacement for FO and four commercially produced diets with 2% of FO, SO, PO, or FXO. One treatment received half rations of the commercial FO diet, and one treatment was based entirely on natural productivity. Results show that the fatty acid profiles of the tail muscle conformed to the lipids of the feed, and highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFAs) were preserved. Following 8 weeks of culture, there were no significant differences in production performance.  相似文献   

养殖密度对硝化型生物絮团系统中凡纳滨对虾生长和水质的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

朱亦晨  谭洪新  罗国芝 《上海海洋大学学报》2020,29(1):27-35

利用硝化型生物絮团系统进行凡纳滨对虾的养殖,并通过设置不同的养殖密度探究不同养殖密度下硝化型生物絮团系统对凡纳滨对虾生长性能和水质情况的影响。实验选择同一批标粗到一定规格的健康凡纳滨对虾[体长(4.80±0.25) cm,体质量(0.98±0.16)g],分成5个密度梯度组放养到养殖池中,进行为期45 d的养殖。结果表明:80～610尾/m~3范围内,硝化型生物絮团系统对非离子氨和亚硝酸盐氮可以控制在警戒浓度(0.2 mg/L)附近波动,为凡纳滨对虾健康生长提供了良好的环境,保证养殖存活率,另外该系统下适当的排污可以避免高密度养殖下硝酸盐氮积累太快;80～610尾/m~3时存活率随密度升高而下降,但产量随密度升高而增加。  相似文献   

Use of Porcine Meal in Plant‐based Practical Diets for Pacific White Shrimp,Litopenaeus vannamei          下载免费PDF全文

Xuan Qiu  D. Allen Davis 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2018,49(3):582-589

Two growth trials were conducted to evaluate and confirm the efficacy of a porcine meal (PM) with high protein content (>90%) as an alternative feed ingredient in commercial‐type feed formulation for Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. Six experimental diets were formulated for the two growth trials. The first five diets contained increasing levels (0, 1, 2, 4, and 6%) of PM as a replacement for soybean meal in a plant‐based diet with low inclusion level (6%) of fish meal (FM). The last experimental diet was produced utilizing 4.2% PM to completely replace FM. In Trial 1, shrimp (1.5 g initial mean weight, 20 shrimp/tank, n = 4) were offered test diets for 6 wk in a semirecirculation system. At the end of Trial 1, shrimp fed with the diet containing 6% PM exhibited significantly enhanced weight gain (WG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and survival compared to those fed with the diet devoid of FM. As survival was poor across all treatments and different densities could mask growth results the trial was repeated. In Trial 2, shrimp (0.85 g, 15 shrimp/tank, n = 4) were offered diets for 6 wk. Dietary supplementation of PM at 6% significantly improved WG, FCR, and apparent net protein retention in contrast with the treatment devoid of FM, confirming the same trends in Trial 1. No significant difference was detected in protein, lipid, moisture, and mineral profiles of whole‐body shrimp as well as survival across all the treatments. Results of this study indicate that PM is a good high protein source in shrimp feeds, which can be included up to 6% in the low FM‐based diet without compromising the growth of shrimp.  相似文献   

益生菌制剂对凡纳滨对虾生长、营养代谢及抗氧化能力的影响     

樊英  王晓璐  刘洪军 《西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版)》2020,48(8):1-9

【目的】研究饲料中添加地衣芽孢杆菌和凝结芽孢杆菌对凡纳滨对虾生长性能、营养代谢及抗氧化能力的影响。【方法】将凡纳滨对虾幼虾随机分成3组,对照组投喂仅用蛋白液包裹的基础饲料,试验组分别投喂含活菌量达10~8 CFU/g的凝结芽孢杆菌和地衣芽孢杆菌的试验饲料,养殖周期为28 d。于试验第7,14,21和28天取样,测定血清总蛋白(TP)、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、一氧化氮(NO)含量及谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)、苹果酸脱氢酶(MDH)、脂肪酶(LPS)、已糖激酶(HK)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、一氧化氮合酶(NOS)活性和总抗氧化能力(T-AOC);试验结束后测定凡纳滨对虾的生长性能和肌肉营养成分。【结果】(1)与对照组比较,2个试验组凡纳滨对虾的终末体质量显著提高(P0.05),饲料系数显著降低(P0.05),肌肉中粗蛋白质、肌糖原含量和呈味氨基酸总量显著提高(P0.05);凝结芽孢杆菌组血清中TP、TC及TG含量与对照组差异显著(P0.05),地衣芽孢杆菌组TG含量显著高于对照组(P0.05)。(2)凝结芽孢杆菌组GS活性在试验第14天显著高于其他2个组(P0.05);2个试验组HK活性在第21天显著高于对照组(P0.05);凝结芽孢杆菌组MDH活性在第21天显著高于对照组(P0.05);2个试验组LPS活性在第7天显著高于对照组(P0.05),2个试验组之间无显著差异(P0.05)。(3)凝结芽孢杆菌组T-AOC活性在试验第7天最高(55.21 U/mL),地衣芽孢杆菌组在第14天最高(45.08 U/mL),均显著高于对照组(P0.05);2个试验组CAT活性在第21天最高,SOD活性在第7天最高,均显著高于对照组(P0.05),而2个试验组之间无显著差异(P0.05);凝结芽孢杆菌组GSH-PX活性在第28天最高(957.30 U/mL),地衣芽孢杆菌组在第21天最高(932.25 U/mL),均显著高于对照组(P0.05);凝结芽孢杆菌组NOS活性和NO含量均在第14天最高,显著高于对照组(P0.05);地衣芽孢杆菌组NO含量在第28天最高,显著高于对照组(P0.05)。【结论】地衣芽孢杆菌和凝结芽孢杆菌均可作为饲料添加剂使用,提高凡纳滨对虾的生长性能,增强其营养物质代谢水平,提高其抗氧化能力。  相似文献   

Histopathology of Hematopoietic Tissue in Channel Catfish,Ictalurus punctatus,with Anemia     

《Journal Of Applied Aquaculture》2013,25(1-2):101-108

Outbreaks of anemia (CCA) in channel catfish, Ictalurirs punctatus, in Mississippi occur predominantly during spring and fall. Between October, 1990 and May, 1991, twenty-seven cases of CCA were submitted to the Mississippi Cooperative Extension Service-College of Veterinary Medicine Fish Diagnostic Laboratories. Histologic lesions were identified in the head and trunk kidneys of all affected fish. The head kidney contained less than 25% immature hematopoietic tissue in 3 of 22 cases (14%). 25-50% immature hematopoietic tissue in 7 of 22 cases (32%), and greater than 50% immature hematopoietic tissue in 12 of 22 cases (54%). The trunk kidney contained less than 25% immature hematopoietic tissue in 5 of 27 cases (18%), 25-50% immature hematopoietic tissue in 15 of 27 cases (56%), and greater than 50% immature hematopoietic tissue in 7 of 27 cases (26%). The histopathologic findings noted in cases of CCA from Mississippi affect primarily the hematopietic tissues of the head and trunk kidneys.  相似文献   

凡纳滨对虾6个养殖群体遗传多样性的比较分析   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

颉晓勇  苏天凤  陈文  张志  颜远义  江世贵 《南方水产》2008,4(6):42-49

中国多批次引进凡纳滨对虾Litopenaeus vannamei并结合生产开展了相对独立的育苗工作，但对引进群体及引进后留种形成的本地群体的遗传变异水平缺乏了解，不利于种质管理及利用。此研究采用AFLP技术对抽查的6个养殖群体进行分析，发现进口群体具有相对较高的遗传多样性水平；养殖性能较好的东方、海星和旭明群体遗传多样性水平与进口群体相近；而乾塘群体遗传变异水平最高，推测可能是与其种质混杂有关；广益群体遗传多样性水平最低，可能已出现近交衰退。通过对各个群体间的遗传距离进行分析，为下一步根据亲缘关系的远近开展群体问杂交育种提供技术依据。  相似文献   

不同盐度下饵料蛋白质含量对凡纳滨对虾生长、体成份和肝胰腺组织结构的影响   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

李二超  陈立侨  曾嶒  熊泽泉  林琛  孙新瑾  王永强 《水产学报》2008,32(3):425-433

设计了蛋白质含量为20.61%、30.52%、40.43%和50.34%的4种饵料(分别为CP20、CP30、CP40和CP50),研究饵料蛋白质含量对不同盐度下(分别为低盐度LS 2、中盐度MS 22和高盐度HS 32)凡纳滨对虾[(0.0144±0.0047)g]生长、成活及体成份的影响,测定了不同处理组对虾的肝胰腺指数(HIS)和肥满度(CF),试验为期8周.结果显示:(1)盐度对凡纳滨对虾的生长、成活、肥满度和灰分含量均有显著影响(P<0.05),而对肝体指数、体粗蛋白、体粗脂肪和水分无显著影响(P0.05),中盐度组对虾各指标均最高,其次为高盐度组,低盐度组最低;中、高盐度组对虾的增重率、特殊体重(长)增长率均显著高于低盐度组对虾(P<0.05),而中、高盐度组对虾的各生长指标无显著差异(P＜0.05);(2)饵料蛋白质含量对凡纳滨对虾的各生长指标和体粗蛋白含量影响显著(P<0.05),对其它各指标影响不显著(P<0.05).各盐度下,对虾生长和体粗蛋白含量均随饵料蛋白质含量升高而升高,投喂CP20的对虾组显著低于其它各处理组(P<0.05);肥满度和肝体指数均先随饵料蛋白质含量升高至40.43%而升高,然后稍有下降;饵料蛋白质含量对各盐度下对虾成活率影响均不显著(P0.05).(3)双因素方差分析结果显示,盐度和饵料蛋白质含量,除对体灰分含量存着着显著的交互作用外(P<0.05),对其它体生化成份含量、生长及体形态指标的交互作用均不显著(P0.05).(4)饲料蛋白质含量明显影响了凡纳滨对虾肝胰腺的组织结构,投喂CP30和CP40饵料的对虾肝小体基膜完整,投喂CP40对虾的肝小体中还出现了大量的存储细胞(R细胞);而投喂CP20饵料的对虾肝小体分布松散,R细胞数量较小,并且部分肝小体基膜破损;而投喂CP50饵料的对虾的肝小体排列紧密,且B细胞内出现大量内容物质.结果提示,提高饵料蛋白质含量虽然在一定程度上加快对虾的生长速度和增加肥满度,但是并不能提高低盐底下凡纳滨对虾的成活率.饲料中蛋白质含量的不适宜,尤其是含量过低,会导致对虾肝胰腺的结构发生变化甚至发生不同程度的病理变化.  相似文献   

凡纳滨对虾血蓝蛋白酚氧化酶活性的研究   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  

严芳  章跃陵  罗活强  胡忠  黄通旺  叶向群 《水产科学》2008,27(1):5-8

试验结果表明,凡纳滨对虾血蓝蛋白在胰蛋白酶诱导下可表现出一定的酚氧化酶活性,与对照组相比,其酚氧化酶活力单位显著上升。同时,其活性可被D-半乳糖、α-葡萄糖、蔗糖、麦芽糖、甘露醇和N-乙酰神经氨酸不同程度地抑制,其抑制率分别为67%、100%、33%、33%、67%和100%。血蓝蛋白与胰蛋白酶孵育后经SDS-PAGE分析和L-Dopa显色,其75 kDa单体呈明显的棕褐色,添加抑制剂N-乙酰神经氨酸之后,其显色强度显著减弱。由此进一步证实凡纳滨对虾血蓝蛋白在胰蛋白酶诱导下确实具有酚氧化酶活性,其活性可被不同的糖所抑制,其发挥活性的单体为75 kDa单体。  相似文献   

用焦磷酸测序技术检测凡纳滨对虾组织蛋白酶基因单核苷酸多态性   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

曾地刚  陈晓汉  彭敏  李咏梅  杨春玲  马宁  蒋伟明  黎铭 《水产学报》2008,32(5):684-689

焦磷酸测序是一种新型的DNA测序技术,近年来开始应用于单核苷酸多态性(SNPs)检测.组织蛋白酶基因(Cathepsin-L,CTSL)在对虾的蜕皮周期中起重要的作用.本研究利用焦磷酸测序技术,对96个凡纳滨对虾的CTSL基因序列(GnBank登录号:AY366355)的C681G SNP位点进行检测分型.结果发现C/C、C/G和G/G基因型,频率分别是0.81、0.16和0.03,频率分布符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡.统计分析结果表明在该群体中C681G SNP和体重关系不显著(P>0.05).研究结果显示焦磷酸测序技术是一种高效的SNP检测技术,可以在对虾的遗传研究中发挥重要作用.  相似文献   

Feeding responses of juvenile shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone) fed at different frequencies under laboratory conditions     

Cibele Soares Pontes  Patricia Pereira De Lima  Maria de Fátima Arruda 《Aquaculture Research》2008,39(13):1416-1422

In shrimp farms, food partitioning during the course of the day is contradictory, ethology studies may help in determining the proper frequency. Litopenaeus vannamei juveniles were placed in 30 L aquariums (41 m⁻²), exposed to a 12:12 h light–dark cycle. Feeding was provided at 10% of biomass three, four and seven times per day, with observations made in 15 min h⁻¹ windows, initiated after the ration was offered. Latency to access the feeding tray and to start eating was recorded using instantaneous focal sampling and digestive tract filling (DTF) by the continuous focal method. Weight gain was recorded at the end of the experiment. We performed seven repetitions, with 28 individuals observed for 33 days for each treatment (490 h of observation). The three-times offering induced less latency for accessing the tray and for ingesting the feed as well as a higher DTF when compared with the other frequencies. Animals fed three and four times had similar weight gains, and were greater than those fed seven times. Our results indicate that a more spaced food offering stimulates the search for and ingestion of feed. As compared with other frequencies, the three-times-per-day option assumes lower labour costs and a more efficient use of the feed.  相似文献