排序方式： 共有19条查询结果，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
为探究风沙滩区河道基流变化规律与主要驱动因素,以1954—2018年无定河流域赵石窑水文站实测水文数据和多站点的降水量数据等资料为基础,分析比较3类方法(时间步长法、数字滤波法和平滑最小值法)对无定河流域风沙滩区河道基流分割的适用性,揭示河道基流量的变化特征,量化分析引起基流量变化的驱动因素(降水、植被覆盖度和农业灌溉等)。结果表明：时间步长法中的局部最小值法对风沙滩区河道基流分割结果较其他方法更为合理,其中多年(1954—2018年)平均基流量为3.29×108 m3,基流指数均值为0.71;基流量总体呈极显著下降趋势,且在1972年和2000年发生突变,其周期性变化主要由第1主周期(32年)控制;无定河流域风沙滩区河道基流变化是降水、植被覆盖度和农业灌溉等因素综合影响的结果,其中水文序列第2阶段(1973—2000年)和第3阶段(2001—2018年)与第1阶段(1954—1972年)相比,降水对基流量变化的贡献率分别为29.35%和4.52%,人类活动(植被覆盖度和农业灌溉)的贡献率分别为70.65%和95.48%,说明人类活动是其变化... 相似文献
2.
Yaning CHEN 《干旱区科学》2019,11(2):161-179
The increasing shortage in water resources is a key factor affecting sustainable socio-economic development in the arid region of Northwest China(ARNC). Water shortages also affect the stability of the region's oasis ecosystem. This paper summarizes the hydrological processes and water cycle of inland river basins in the ARNC, focusing on the following aspects: the spatial-temporal features of water resources(including air water vapor resources, runoff, and glacial meltwater) and their driving forces; the characteristics of streamflow composition in the inland river basins; the characteristics and main controlling factors of baseflow in the inland rivers; and anticipated future changes in hydrological processes and water resources. The results indicate that:(1) although the runoff in most inland rivers in the ARNC showed a significant increasing trend, both the glaciated area and glacial ice reserves have been reduced in the mountains;(2) snow melt and glacier melt are extremely important hydrological processes in the ARNC, especially in the Kunlun and Tianshan mountains;(3) baseflow in the inland rivers of the ARNC is the result of climate change and human activities, with the main driving factors being the reduction in forest area and the over-exploitation and utilization of groundwater in the river basins; and(4) the contradictions among water resources, ecology and economy will further increase in the future. The findings of this study might also help strengthen the ecological, economic and social sustainable development in the study region. 相似文献
3.
4.
天山中段南北坡典型流域基流及其影响因素 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用滤波估算方法,对位于天山中段南北坡的开都河与玛纳斯河流域1958—2007年50 a的实测日径流资料进行基流分割,分析两流域基流变化特征。并利用两流域气象资料,分析气温和降水对两流域基流的影响。结果表明:两流域基流50 a来比较稳定,呈微弱的上升趋势。气温和降水在春季、夏季和秋季对两流域基流影响较为显著。气温对春季和秋季两流域基流影响均大于降水。气温和降水是开都河与玛纳斯河流域基流的重要影响因子,以雪冰融水为主要补给源的河流,气温是流域基流的决定性影响因素。 相似文献
5.
Baseflow,which represents the drainage of groundwater aquifers,is an essential component of runoff in hydrological basins.In the source region of the Yangtze River,the change of baseflow typically reflects the interactions between groundwater system and climatic factors in cold and arid areas.With modified Kalinen separation method,annual baseflow between 1957 and 2009 in this region was estimated and calculated.In comparison with the inner-annual variations of total streamflow,baseflow showed a weaker fluctuation.Before the 1980s,it was in a steady state;and after then,it demonstrated dramatic variations and large amplitudes.Based on the calculation results of baseflow,the real Morlet wavelet method was applied to reveal the periodical characteristics of baseflow as well as the precipitation and air temperature in the study area.It was found that annual baseflow has a 43-year trend as well as a 21-year period and a 7-year period.The 21-year period is most significant,with its wavelet coefficient having the largest fluctuation and amplitude.Summation of wavelet coefficients on these periods exhibits a similar change pattern with respect to that of annual baseflow.The summation curve takes a"W"shape,which means that the baseflow follows a four-stage sequence of descending–ascending–descending–ascending.As analyzed,the relationship among baseflow,precipitation and temperature is implied in the correlation between their normalized wavelet coefficients at different temporal scales.By the significant positive linear correlations both between precipitation and baseflow(correlation coefficient is 0.98)and between temperature and baseflow(correlation coefficient is 0.90)for the 43-year wavelet coefficients,it is suggested that the long-term increasing trends of precipitation and air temperature will lead to an increasing trend of baseflow.For wavelet coefficients of 21-year and 7-year periods,the positive linear correlation between precipitation and baseflow is significant.However,the correlation between air temperature and baseflow is not so evident,especially for the 21-year period.As a conclusion, correlation analysis with normalized wavelet coefficients showed that the change of annual baseflow was contributed mostly by the change of precipitation and secondly by the change of temperature. 相似文献
6.
水源涵养能力是水源地脆弱性诊断的重要指标之一。在对比直线分割、直线斜割和滤波3种基流分割方法的基础上,选取松华坝水源地径流区内4个水文站实测流量资料,用滤波法分割基流,并计算基流量和基流指数。结果显示,左支流冷水河上、下游平均基流指数分别为0.589、0.485,右支流牧羊河上、下游平均基流指数分别为0.528、0.484。此外,1954-1992年冷水河下游地区基流量呈显著减小的趋势,其余区域基流量减小的趋势不显著。水源涵养能力空间上表现为,冷水河流域的水源涵养能力较牧羊河流域强,两流域上游的水源涵养能力均较下游强。 相似文献
7.
基于VB 6.0的生态基流计算软件开发与应用 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
针对目前河流生态基流量尚无统一的计算平台,各种方法的计算和对比研究较为繁琐等问题,使用Visual Basic 6.0作为开发工具,开发出界面友好,操作简单,交互性强,包含12种水文学、水力学计算方法的河流生态基流量计算软件。该软件不仅简化了生态基流量计算步骤,而且便于不同方法之间的相互比较。使用该软件对渭河关中段进行了实例研究,结果发现不同方法的计算结果差别较大。选择8种单流量计算方法的平均值13.7m3/s作为渭河关中段的生态基流量,选择与研究区流量实际变化情况较为吻合的Texas法计算结果作为渭河关中段月生态基流量序列。该软件的开发与应用为今后河流生态基流量动态计算奠定了基础。 相似文献
8.
自动基流分割法在黄土高原水蚀风蚀交错区典型流域适用性分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
黄土高原水蚀风蚀交错区生态环境脆弱,河川基流量的多少及其变化对维持该区生态系统健康具有重要意义.利用黄土高原水蚀风蚀交错区窟野河流域多年实测径流资料,研究国内外常用的滑动最小值法、HYSEP法和数字滤波法3类共8种自动基流分割方法在该研究区的适用性.结果表明:1)8种方法所得年均基流指数差异较.大,最大为0.651 5... 相似文献
9.
自动基流分割方法在黄土区流域的应用研究 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
基流是河川径流在枯水季节的主要径流来源.由于难以通过实测方法获得基流量数据,选择适合的基流分割技术对于基流研究至关重要.利用黄土区6个流域的多年径流量资料,选取PART法、滤波法及滑动最小值法等目前广泛使用的自动基流分割方法对区域内河流的基流量进行了分割,以检验自动基流分割方法在本地区的适用性,并应用选定的基流分割方法对黄土区流域的基流特点做了简单分析.研究结果表明,3种方法所获得的基流指数值有所差异,滤波法分割的基流过程与实际基流状况更为相符.因此,滤波法可作为黄土区流域基流的最优分割方法.应用滤波法得到的研究流域基流占总径流比重为37%～64%,而基流量在近50 a中呈现逐渐降低趋势. 相似文献
10.
基流是河川流量的重要组成部分,尤其在干旱的黄土丘陵沟壑区径流量中占有很高比重,为枯季的河流提供流量补给,对黄土丘陵沟壑区基流的特点和影响因子的研究有助于合理调控水量和高效使用水资源。采用数字滤波法分别对蔡家川6个嵌套小流域2006—2008年日径流量进行基流分割求算基流指数,并且分析了次降雨量、土地利用、植被类型和地形特征等对基流的影响。结果显示,该地区流域的年平均基流指数范围为0.68～0.82。随着次降雨量增加基流指数减小;土地利用类型中的农地、灌丛和人工林对基流产生负影响;基流指数与流域河网密度和河流比降等线性相关。应用多元线性回归分析得出该区域基流指数BFI与次降雨量P,河网密度D和河流比降S成线性关系,进而分析了研究区内无观测数据的流域的基流。 相似文献