Identification and quantification of anthocyanins in different coloured cultivars of ornamental kale (Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala DC)     

Pengfang Zhu  Zhendong Tian  Zhichao Pan  Xin Feng 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2018,93(5):466-473

Anthocyanins are responsible for the colour of many fruits, vegetables, flowers, and coloured-leaved trees. Ornamental kale (Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala DC) is widely cultivated for its colourful inner leaves. To investigate the relationship between the degree of colouration and anthocyanin distribution, content, and composition in ornamental kale, the authors studied the pigment characteristics of five cultivars with different coloured leaves (white, pink, red, purple, and purple-black). Microscopy observation, spectrophotometer, and high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) analysis of fresh inner leaves revealed that pink, red, and purple colourations were associated with high levels of anthocyanin, while purple-black was the result of the combination of anthocyanins and chlorophyll. In the coloured cultivars, anthocyanins were abundant mainly in the first and second cell layers below the epidermis in both the hypocotyls and inner leaves. No anthocyanin was found in the white-leaved phenotype cultivar. Anthocyanin content increased as leaf colour deepened from pink, red, to purple cultivars, which had little chlorophyll and carotenoid. The authors identified eight anthocyanins in the four coloured cultivars, including one non-acylated, four monoacylated, and three diacylated cyanidin glycosides. Cyanidin-3-(sinapoyl)(feruloyl)-diglucoside-5-glucoside was the most abundant anthocyanin in the four coloured cultivars followed by cyanidin-3-(sinapoyl)-diglucoside-5-glucoside. The analysis of anthocyanin accumulation characterisation provides important information on evaluating colouration patterns in coloured plants, and will be helpful for breeding desired leaf colours in ornamental kale.  相似文献   

芝麻的核型与系统演化   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

何凤发  柳家荣 《西南大学学报(自然科学版)》1994,16(6):573-576

对１０份粒色不同的栽培和野生芝麻的染色体组型研究表明，栽培芝麻染色体数目一致，核型基本相同：２ｎ＝２６＝１２ｍ＋１２Ｓｍ＋２Ｓｔ随着粒色的变浅，核型的不对称性加强，有两对随体染色体。野生芝麻核型与栽培芝麻相似：２ｎ＝２６＝１２ｍ＋１２Ｓｍ（４ＳＡＴ）染色体数目有２ｎ＝２６，２ｎ＝３２，２ｎ＝５８或２ｎ＝６４．芝麻可能是由对称核型向不对称核型演化，其趋势为：野生（２ｎ＝２６）－黑粒－褐袜－黄粒－白粒  相似文献   

Genetic variation in the MITF promoter affects skin colour and transcriptional activity in black-boned chickens     

G. Wang  J. Liao  M. Tang 《British poultry science》2018,59(1):21-27

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Sex‐dependent responses of perch to changes in water clarity and temperature          下载免费PDF全文

Satu Estlander  Leena Nurminen  Tomáš Mrkvička  Mikko Olin  Martti Rask  Hannu Lehtonen 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2015,24(4):544-552

Rising temperatures and decreasing water transparency of lakes have strong wide ranging effects on fish. Fish responses to various changes in the environment are usually species‐dependent, but responses may also vary within species. In general, large individuals are considered to be more sensitive to environmental variation due to higher energy demand, than smaller individuals. Similarly, large individuals require more food to maintain bodily functions and are thus more sensitive to resource and food scarcity. These size‐specific responses to environmental gradients are also sex‐dependent in species that exhibit sexual size dimorphism (SSD). We studied in enclosures with short‐term experiments how rising temperatures and decreasing water transparency regulate the feeding rates of female and male European perch (Perca fluviatilis L.). To explore experimental results, we calculated perch SSD in nine lakes with varying environmental conditions using previously collected field data. The results of the experiments revealed that the combined effect of water transparency and temperature on the feeding rate of fish is gender‐dependent: feeding rate of females decreased more than that of males. The experimental results were also supported by field data that revealed a negative relation between water transparency and the magnitude of SSD in perch. Our results suggest that rising temperatures and decreasing water transparency may potentially decrease fish size in a sex‐dependent manner. As female size is one of the main demographic traits determining the reproductive success of a fish population, changing environments may have unexpected and far‐reaching consequences on fish population dynamics.  相似文献   

桃若干重要特异性状的遗传趋向分析     

王力荣  王蛟  朱更瑞  方伟超  王新卫  陈昌文  曹珂 《园艺学报》2017,44(2):223-232

为了明确桃树菊花花形、窄叶形、白化与黄化叶色及盘龙形与垂枝形树形等6个性状的遗传特性,以‘粉菊花桃’ב红根甘肃桃1号’、‘红花重瓣垂枝桃’(简称‘红垂枝’)ב粉菊花桃’、‘S9’ב粉菊花桃’、‘粉菊花桃’ב瑞光2号’、‘红珊瑚’×(‘粉菊花桃’ב瑞光2号’)为组合配制F_1和F_2代,研究菊花花形、叶片白化及垂枝树形的遗传特性;以‘98-4-32’ב金蜜狭叶桃’、‘99-7-14’ב金蜜狭叶桃’及‘99-7-15’ב金蜜狭叶桃’为组合配制F_1和F_2代,研究窄叶形遗传趋向;以‘北京2-7’ב白花山碧桃’为组合配制F_1和F_2代,研究叶片黄化遗传特点;以‘红垂枝’ב帚形山桃’及‘96-7-56’ב帚形山桃’为组合配制F_1和F_2代,研究盘龙形树形的遗传。结果表明:在蔷薇花形与菊花花形组合中,"蔷薇形/菊花形"表现出2对等位基因(Ch/ch及Ch_2/ch_2)控制的遗传特性,且蔷薇形对菊花形为显性;在铃形花形与菊花花形组合中,F_1代蔷薇形表现为二者的中间类型。在‘98-4-32’ב金蜜狭叶桃’及‘99-7-14’ב金蜜狭叶桃’组合中,"宽叶/窄叶"表现出2对等位基因(Nl/nl及Nl_2/nl_2)控制的遗传特性,且宽叶对窄叶为显性;在‘99-7-15’ב金蜜狭叶桃’组合中,"宽叶/窄叶"表现出1对等位基因控制的遗传特性。叶片"正常/白化"表现出1对等位基因(Wl/wl)控制的遗传特性,且正常对白化为显性,白化基因可能来自‘粉菊花桃’;叶片"正常/黄化"表现出2对等位基因(Yl/yl及Yl_2/yl_2)控制的遗传特性,其中1对为显性时对另一对具有抑制作用,黄化基因可能来自‘白花山碧桃’。直立树形同时表现为盘龙形与垂枝形及盘龙形与开张形的中间类型;"开张形/垂枝形"表现出1对等位基因(We/we)控制的遗传特性,且开张对垂枝为显性。结论:菊花花形由2对隐性基因(chchch_2ch_2)控制;窄叶形可能由2对隐性基因(nlnlnl_2nl_2)控制;叶片白化由1对隐性基因(wlwl)控制;叶片黄化可能由2对等位基因(Yl_yl_2yl_2或Yl_2_ylyl)控制;仅盘龙形与直立形由1对等位基因(Br_2/br_2)控制,其中盘龙形基因型为br_2br_2;垂枝形由1对隐性基因(wewe)控制。  相似文献   

彩纸对茶尺蠖幼虫诱集效率的研究   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

王勇  张汉鹄  邹运鼎 《植物保护学报》1991,18(2):177-180

本文研究了不同颜色彩纸在室内、野外对茶尺蠖幼虫的诱集以及彩纸与茶树共存时对茶尺蠖的竞争诱集。结果表明,不同颜色纸对茶尺蠖一龄幼虫有不同的诱集率,柠檬黄色纸诱引力最大,土黄、黄绿色纸次之。柠檬黄、土黄、黄绿色纸与茶树竞争诱集时,彩纸比寄主植物诱引力大。  相似文献   

桃蚜体色生物型的研究   总被引：13，自引：2，他引：13  

王茂涛  张孝羲 《植物保护学报》1991,18(4):351-355

本文根据桃蚜Myzus persicae(Sulzer)的体色将其分成黄绿色型、红色型和褐色型等三种体色生物型。三种体色生物型比较稳定,可能是由遗传基因控制的。测定表明,各体色生物型不仅体色有差别而且形态上也有一定区别。三种生物型对温度的适应性不同,以褐色型最为抗高温、抗低温,但在适温15—25℃的范围内γm比其它两型都要小;相反,黄绿色型对温度的适应范围最小,但在适温范围内γm最大;而红色型则居于两者之间。  相似文献   

Atrioventricular valvular insufficiency and congestive heart failure in a carpet python     

Rishniw M  Carmel BP 《Australian veterinary journal》1999,77(9):580-583

Right atrioventricular valve insufficiency and bilateral congestive heart failure were identified in a carpet python (Morelia spilota variegata) with the aid of colour Doppler echocardiography, electrocardiography and radiography. The snake failed to respond to diuretic therapy and was euthanased. Based on this case, it appears that bilateral congestive failure is feasible in univentricular animals with lesions restricted to one side of the heart. Loop diuretic therapy may be inappropriate in non-crocodilian reptiles because reptiles lack a loop of Henle.  相似文献   

Effects of dietary astaxanthin concentration and feeding period on the skin pigmentation of Australian snapper Pagrus auratus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801)     

Ben J Doolan  Mark A Booth  Geoff L Allan  Paul L Jones 《Aquaculture Research》2008,40(1):60-68

A single‐factor experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary astaxanthin concentration on the skin colour of snapper. Snapper (mean weight=129 g) were held in white cages and fed one of seven dietary levels of unesterified astaxanthin (0, 13, 26, 39, 52, 65 or 78 mg astaxanthin kg^?1) for 63 days. Treatments comprised four replicate cages, each containing five fish. The skin colour of all fish was quantified using the CIE L^*, a^*, b^* colour scale after 21, 42 and 63 days. In addition, total carotenoid concentrations of the skin of two fish cage^?1 were determined after 63 days. Supplementing diets with astaxanthin strongly affected redness (a^*) and yellowness (b^*) values of the skin at all sampling times. After 21 days, the a^* values increased linearly as the dietary astaxanthin concentration was increased before a plateau was attained between 39 and 78 mg kg^?1. The b^* values similarly increased above basal levels in all astaxanthin diets. By 42 days, a^* and b^* values increased in magnitude while a plateau remained between 39 and 78 mg kg^?1. After 63 days, there were no further increases in measured colour values, suggesting that maximum pigmentation was imparted in the skin of snapper fed diets >39 mg kg^?1 after 42 days. Similarly, there were no differences in total carotenoid concentrations of the skin of snapper fed diets >39 mg kg^?1 after 63 days. The plateaus that occurred in a^* and b^* values, while still increasing in magnitude between 21 and 42 days, indicate that the rate of astaxanthin deposition in snapper is limited and astaxanthin in diets containing >39 mg astaxanthin kg^?1 is not efficiently utilized. Astaxanthin retention after 63 days was greatest from the 13 mg kg^?1 diet; however, skin pigmentation was not adequate. An astaxanthin concentration of 39 mg kg^?1 provided the second greatest retention in the skin while obtaining maximum pigmentation. To efficiently maximize skin pigmentation, snapper growers should commence feeding diets containing a minimum of 39 mg unesterified astaxanthin kg^?1 at least 42 days before sale.  相似文献   

Diagnostic value of rectal temperature of African cattle of variable coat colour infected with trypanosomes and tick-borne infections   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

J.W. Magona  J. Walubengo  W. Olaho-Mukani  N.N. Jonsson  M.C. Eisler   《Veterinary parasitology》2009,160(3-4):301-305

Diagnosis of major endemic bovine parasitic diseases in sub-Saharan Africa such as trypanosomosis, theileriosis, anaplasmosis, babesiosis and cowdriosis is increasingly relying on clinical diagnosis due to deterioration of veterinary services and laboratory facilities. Pyrexia is a common clinical feature of aforementioned diseases whose detection relies on measurement of rectal temperature. The research undertaken in this study was aimed at assessing the effects of diurnal changes and variable coat colour of indigenous Nkedi Zebu cattle on the diagnostic value of rectal temperature under tropical conditions. The results revealed that variation in rectal temperature was significantly influenced by time of day it was taken and by the coat colour of the Nkedi Zebu cattle (P < 0.001). Rectal temperature experienced diurnal changes: steadily rising to reach a peak at 17.00 h before declining. The mean rectal temperature of unhealthy cattle was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than that of the healthy ones only between 13.00 and 17.00 h of the day. During which period the proportion of unhealthy cattle having a rectal temperature of 39.4 °C or higher was significantly higher than that of healthy ones (P < 0.001). Regarding the variable coat colour of indigenous breeds, rectal temperature among cattle of different coat colours was significantly different (P < 0.05). In conclusion it is important to consider diurnal changes in rectal temperature and differences due to variable coat colour of indigenous African breeds when measuring rectal temperature for assessing pyrexia, during clinical diagnosis of bovine trypanosomosis and tick-borne diseases that are endemic in many countries in sub-Saharan Africa.  相似文献