恩诺沙星在猪组织中残留消除规律研究   总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7  

仲锋  郭筱华  黄齐颐  董琳琳  刘艳华  周昭明  曾勇  金秀娥  卢芳  韩直渊 《中国兽药杂志》2005,39(2):6-9

在常规饲养条件下,对健康猪按2.5 mg/kg体重的剂量肌肉注射2.5%恩诺沙星注射液,每日2次,连续注射3 d.停药后第2、4、6、8、10、12、14天分别屠宰4头猪.分别采取每头猪的肌肉(注射部位)、脂肪(腹脂)、肝和肾脏等4种组织,用高效液相色谱法进行残留量测定.结果表明:残留在肌肉、脂肪组织中的药物消除较快,第8天总残留量(恩诺沙星 环丙沙星)已下降至检测限(20μg/kg)以下;肝和肾脏组织中的药物消除缓慢,第14天测得猪肾中药物总残留量为40μg/kg.  相似文献   

A review of the effect of stresses between lifting and planting on nursery stock quality and performance     

McKay  H.M. 《New Forests》1997,13(1-3):369-399

This paper presents the experimental evidence on the effects of desiccation, low and high temperatures, rough handling, root loss and storage between lifting and planting on plant quality and performance. The review concentrates on the impact of these stresses on outplanting performance; their effect on seedling properties, such as root growth potential and root electrolyte leakage, is also described. Stresses most often happen in combination but there is relatively little information on their interactions. Examples of desiccation plus rough handling, cold storage plus desiccation, frost damage plus freeze storage and the triple stress of desiccation, heating and rough handling are presented. The limited evidence on the cumulative effect of stresses suggests tentatively that damage from rough handling does not accumulate in the same way as damage from desiccation and prolonged storage. Factors affecting stress resistance are briefly reviewed.There are three impediments to producing a critical review of the literature: experimental treatments, particularly of desiccation and rough handling, can rarely be directly compared; the impact of stress treatments can be modified by a large number of factors, and the levels of stress have seldom been quantified in normal forestry practice. The first two problems also make it difficult to formulate general statements concerning critical thresholds for the stresses. However, instruments are now available for measuring and monitoring stresses between lifting and planting and it is, in theory, possible to model the effects of these stresses to take account of the many factors that modify their impact on seedling survival and growth. This offers the possibility of significant improvements in our ability to predict the effect of stresses between lifting and planting on seedling performance.  相似文献   

Risk Factors for the Development of Hypokalemia in Neonatal Diarrheic Calves          下载免费PDF全文

F.M. Trefz  A. Lorch  J. Zitzl  A. Kutschke  G. Knubben‐Schweizer  I. Lorenz 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(2):688-695

Background

Neonatal diarrheic calves have a clear negative potassium balance because of intestinal losses and decreased milk intake but in the presence of acidemia, they usually show normokalemic or hyperkalemic plasma concentrations.

Objectives

To assess whether marked hypokalemia occurs in response to the correction of acidemia and dehydration and to identify factors that are associated with this condition.

Animals

Eighty‐three calves with a clinical diagnosis of neonatal diarrhea.

Methods

Prospective cohort study. Calves were treated according to a clinical protocol using an oral electrolyte solution and commercially available packages of 8.4% sodium bicarbonate, 0.9% saline and 40% dextrose infusion solutions.

Results

The proportion of hypokalemic calves after 24 hours of treatment (19.3%) was twice as great as it was on admission to the hospital. Plasma K⁺ after 24 hours of treatment was not significantly correlated to venous blood pH values at the same time but positively correlated to venous blood pH values on admission (r = 0.51, P < .001). Base excess on admission (Odds ratio [OR] = 0.81, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.70–0.94), duration of diarrhea (OR = 1.37, 95% CI = 1.05–1.80), milk intake during hospitalization (OR = 0.54, 95% CI = 0.37–0.79) and plasma sodium concentrations after 24 hours (OR = 1.12, 95% CI = 1.01–1.25) were identified to be independently associated (P < .05) with a hypokalemic state after 24 hours of treatment.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Findings of this study suggest that marked depletion of body potassium stores is evident in diarrheic calves that suffered from marked metabolic acidosis, have a low milk intake and a long history of diarrhea.  相似文献   

葡萄Fe-S簇装配基因的鉴定、克隆和表达特征分析     

张璐  宗亚奇  徐维华  韩蕾  孙浈育  陈朝晖  陈松利  张凯  程杰山  唐美玲  张洪霞  宋志忠 《中国农业科学》2021,54(23):5068-5082

【目的】从葡萄中克隆并鉴定Fe-S簇装配基因,在转录水平探索其组织特异性表达特征及其对缺铁胁迫的差异响应,明确主效基因。【方法】通过同源克隆法,在葡萄基因组中筛选并鉴定参与Fe-S簇装配的基因;借助生物信息学软件分析葡萄Fe-S簇装配相关基因及其编码蛋白的详细特征;利用实时荧光定量PCR分析Fe-S簇装配相关基因在葡萄不同组织部位的表达模式及其对缺铁胁迫的响应情况;利用MEGE 7.0软件建立不同植物ISU1同源蛋白的系统进化树。【结果】在葡萄基因组中检索并克隆获得46个Fe-S簇装配基因,分布于16条染色体上,含有1—21个长度不一的内含子,且主要分布于质体、线粒体和细胞质,分别含有14、21和11个基因成员;葡萄Fe-S簇装配蛋白在多种亚细胞结构中均有定位,且不同装配机制中蛋白的亚细胞定位情况差异很大;所选10种植物ISU1蛋白序列的一致性高达77%,系统发育树分析表明同一属的ISU1同源蛋白如十字花科的拟南芥和盐芥、禾本科的水稻和短柄草、蔷薇科的桃和苹果,倾向于紧密聚在一起,但葡萄ISU1和番茄ISU1紧密聚集在一起;葡萄Fe-S簇装配基因在3年生‘马瑟兰’成年树体和组培幼苗不同组织中的表达水平差异较大,其中,ISU1整体水平的表达量最为丰富（尤其是成熟期果实中的表达量最高）,其次是HSCA1、ISA2、NFU2、SUFA和SUFB等基因,而SUFE2、NFS1、HSCA2、HSCA6、TAH18和CIA2在本研究所有葡萄组织中均未检测到表达量;在‘马瑟兰’幼苗中,葡萄Fe-S簇装配基因对缺铁处理较为敏感,所有基因至少在1个检测的组织部位对缺铁处理有响应,其中,22个基因的表达水平在所有检测组织中均受缺铁处理调控：根部Fe-S簇装配基因的表达水平易受缺铁胁迫诱导而上调,但地上部（茎和叶）Fe-S簇装配基因的表达水平易受缺铁胁迫抑制而下调。【结论】从葡萄中克隆并鉴定了46个Fe-S簇装配基因,分别定位于质体、线粒体和细胞质;葡萄Fe-S簇装配基因在三年生成年树体和组培幼苗不同组织中的表达水平差异较大,且在葡萄幼苗不同组织中的转录水平对缺铁胁迫的响应具有显著差异;ISU1在葡萄所有组织中的整体表达量较高;葡萄ISU1和番茄ISU1同源蛋白遗传进化距离最接近。  相似文献   

Occurrence and present status of coastal dolphins (Delphinus delphis and Tursiops truncatus) in the eastern Ionian Sea     

Giovanni Bearzi  Elena Politi  Stefano Agazzi  Sebastiano Bruno  Marina Costa  Silvia Bonizzoni 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2005,15(3):243-257

• 1. Boat surveys aimed at studying short‐beaked common dolphins and common bottlenose dolphins in eastern Ionian Sea coastal waters were conducted between 1993 and 2003. During 835 survey days, 24 771 km of total effort was distributed within an area of 480 km², resulting in 428 common dolphin and 235 bottlenose dolphin sightings.
• 2. Individual photo‐identification was performed extensively throughout this study, making it possible to monitor the number of animals seen in the study area each year and their long‐term residency patterns.
• 3. Common dolphins declined across the study period, from 2.18 encounters/100 km in 1997 to 0.40 encounters/100 km in 2003. In contrast, there was a relatively stable presence of bottlenose dolphins, some individuals showing high levels of site fidelity and others using the area only occasionally.
• 4. The local decline of common dolphins and the low density of bottlenose dolphins appeared to reflect the general status of these cetacean species in the wider Mediterranean region, where common dolphins were classified as endangered in the IUCN Red List in 2003.
• 5. Based on the available evidence, we infer that the present unfavourable status of common dolphins in eastern Ionian Sea coastal waters is largely a consequence of prey depletion.

Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

The use of fyke nets as a quantitative capture technique for freshwater eels (Anguilla spp.) in rivers   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

D. J. JELLYMAN  & E. GRAYNOTH 《Fisheries Management and Ecology》2005,12(4):237-247

Abstract  Fyke netting is a convenient and effective technique for capturing freshwater eels, and catch-per-unit-effort is usually assumed to be an index of eel abundance. The present study investigated the potential of depletion fishing using baited fyke nets to obtain population estimates of longfin eels Anguilla dieffenbachii Gray, in a river in the South Island of New Zealand. The probability of capture (capture efficiency) of a single night's fishing increased with increasing size of eel, and ranged from 0.2 to 0.9 for eels <400 mm, to 0.7–0.9 for eels ≥500 mm. The capture efficiency of baited vs unbaited nets was assessed in a small stream that was electric fished after netting trials were completed. Baited nets proved to be an effective method of assessing abundance of longfin eels (>400 mm) but not shortfins ( A. australis Richardson); capture efficiency of the population of longfins (the sum of fyke caught and electric fished eels) was 0.4 for a single night's fyke netting, increasing to 0.8 over four nights. Comparable efficiencies for shortfins were <0.1 and 0.3 respectively. Unbaited nets were markedly less efficient for both species.  相似文献   

Potassium Dynamics in US Coastal Plain Soils     

Charles C. Mitchell  Gobena Huluka 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2016,47(22):54-63

ABSTRACT

Potassium (K) deficiency in crops in southern US Coastal Plain soils has been documented since the l880s. Long-term soil fertility studies such as Alabama’s “Cullars Rotation” experiment (circa 1911) have been conducted with K since 1911. Other Alabama long-term experiments on several Coastal Plain and related Hapludults, Paleudults, and Kandiudults also contain K variable treatments which have been monitored since 1929. Soil test data from these long-term experiments have allowed us to answer some practical questions regarding K dynamics in Coastal Plain soils. Potassium movement through the soil profile is dependent on the soil’s cation exchange capacity (CEC) but relative accumulation is greater in the plow layer regardless of soil CEC. While subsoil K testing may be useful for identifying situations where subsoil K has been depleted, this extra effort and expense is not necessary for most cropping situations. A crop will remove most of its K from the plow layer if it is present in sufficient quantity based on soil test. Crop depletion of plow-layer K to the point where yield may be reduced is gradual and may take 10–15 years or more depending upon soil CEC and initial soil K concentration. Depletion is most rapid in low CEC soils as would be expected. However, soil test K can vary considerably during the course of a crop season with the lowest soil test K concentrations occurring immediately after harvest.  相似文献   

小麦根际微区钾养分状况的研究     

曹一平  徐永泰  李晓林 《中国农业大学学报》1991,(2):68-74

采用幼苗密集种植、尼龙网分隔根-土界面的方法研究小麦根际微区土壤交换性钾与缓效钾的动态变化。结果表明,小麦根际微区内,仅在根表的1 mm 范围内交换性钾呈现相对富集,其他部分的交换性钾呈亏缺状况,其亏缺率与亏缺范围因土壤质地和施钾量的不同而有改变。砂土钾的迁移速率大于轻壤土。前者的亏缺区也大于后者,增施钾肥后根际交换钾的亏缺率增大,加速了钾向根表的迁移和供应。此外,小麦根际微区的缓效钾也呈现亏缺状况。  相似文献   

Evaluation of elemental depletion weathering rate estimation methods on acid-sensitive soils of north-eastern Alberta, Canada     

Colin J. Whitfield  Shaun A. Watmough  Julian Aherne 《Geoderma》2011,166(1):189-197

Immobile element-based weathering estimation methods assume that Zr (or Ti) is an immobile element, and that weathering rates of other elements can be estimated according to the enrichment of Zr in weathered horizons relative to an unweathered parent material. This approach was used to estimate base cation weathering rates for 33 soil profiles on acid-sensitive terrain in north-eastern Alberta. Zirconium generally showed enrichment within the rooting zone, but the deepest (subsoil) samples were not always associated with the lowest Zr concentrations. Weathering rates estimated with the Zr depletion and Pedological Mass Balance (PMB) methods were generally low (ranges: 0-51 and 0-58 mmol_c m^− 2 yr^− 1, respectively); however, low base cation oxide concentrations and heterogeneity within soil profiles complicated weathering rate calculations and net base cation gains were calculated for several (six) sites. Evaluation of the Zr depletion and PMB weathering estimates against those calculated with the process-oriented PROFILE model at a subset (n = 9) of the sites indicated the estimates were poorly related, with PROFILE rates typically being higher. The effects-based emissions management strategy for acid precursors in this region requires spatial coverage of soil properties (including weathering rates) across a large area, but the apparent limitations associated with the immobile element based methods in this region: identifying representative parent soils and deriving weathering rate estimates comparable to more robust methods are arguments against their candidacy for future use.  相似文献   

Depletion of non‐exchangeable NH$ _4^+ $ at the root–soil and hyphae–soil interface of VA mycorrhizal maize (Zea mays) and parsley (Petroselinum sativum)     

Heinrich W. Scherer  Maren Frost 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2004,167(6):713-719

Mobilization of non‐exchangeable ammonium (NH ) by hyphae of the vesicular‐arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungus Glumus mosseae was studied under controlled experimental conditions. Maize (Zea mays) and parsley (Petroselinum sativum) were grown either alone or in symbiosis with Glomus mosseae in containers with separated compartments for roots and hyphal growth. In one experiment, ¹⁵NH was added to the soil to differentiate between the native non‐exchangeable NH and the non‐exchangeable NH derived from N fertilization. Non‐exchangeable NH was mobilized by plant growth. Plant dry weight and N uptake, however, were not significantly influenced by mycorrhizal colonization of the roots. The influence of root infection with mycorrhizal fungus on the mobilization of non‐exchangeable NH was negligible. In the hyphal compartment, hyphal uptake of N resulted in a decrease of NH in the soil solution and of exchangeable NH . However, the NH concentration was still too high to permit the release of non‐exchangeable NH . The results demonstrate that, in contrast to roots, hyphae of VAM fungi are not able to form a non‐exchangeable‐NH depletion zone in the adjacent soil. However, under conditions of a more substantial depletion of the exchangeable NH in the mycorrhizal sphere (e.g., with longer growth), an effect of mycorrhiza on the non‐exchangeable NH might be found.  相似文献