低风险疾病情境下农村居民健康信息规避行为研究     

韩正彪  周明峰  岳杭 《农业图书情报学刊》2021,33(11):4-15

[目的/意义]本研究旨在揭示低风险疾病情境下农村居民健康信息规避的程度、策略、成因及其关联。[方法/过程]研究采用理论抽样方法和半结构化访谈法收集了江苏省45位农村居民的相关数据。研究采用开放式编码和主轴编码方法对访谈数据进行分析,同时采用社会网络分析软件对规避策略和成因之间的关系进行可视化展示。[结果/结论]（1）农村居民在低风险疾病情境下存在全面型和选择型两种不同程度的健康信息规避。其中,全面型健康信息规避主要发生在信息需求阶段,具体的规避策略为完全不治疗;而选择型信息规避发生在信息获取阶段,具体的规避策略为自己治疗或者拖延治疗。（2）该情境下农村居民健康信息规避的成因主要包括感知风险、对信息源的信任、健康信息素养水平、文化水平、情绪、经济水平、小世界、时间和医疗资源的可及性。（3）农民健康信息规避的成因与规避策略存在特定的关联。文化水平和医疗资源的可及性只对完全不治疗规避策略有影响;情绪因素只对拖延治疗规避策略有影响;健康信息素养水平只对自己治疗规避策略有影响。该研究可为改善农村居民的健康状况提供指导建议。  相似文献   

The urbanization of wildlife management: Social science, conflict, and decision making     

Michael E. Patterson  Jessica M. Montag  Daniel R. Williams 《Urban Forestry & Urban Greening》2003,1(3):171-183

Increasing urbanization of rural landscapes has created new challenges for wildlife management. In addition to changes in the physical landscape, urbanization has also produced changes in the socio-cultural landscape. The greater distancing from direct interaction with wildlife in urbanized societies has led to the emergence of a culture whose meanings for wildlife are less grounded in the utilitarian/instrumental orientation of rural agrarian systems. Urban perspectives on wildlife are comprised of more highly individualized emotional/symbolic values. This shift creates two problems with respect to managing wildlife in an urbanizing landscape. First the increased diversity in values and meanings increases the likelihood for social conflicts regarding wildlife management while at the same time making socially acceptable resolutions more intractable. This in turn requires fundamental changes in decision-making paradigms and the research approaches used to inform decision making. Second, as remaining rural communities feel the pressures of urbanization, wildlife conflicts become conflicts not just over wildlife but conflict over larger socio-political concepts such as equity, tradition, private property rights, government control, power, and acceptable forms of knowledge. This paper examines the wildlife management implications of changes associated with increasing urbanization and employs two case studies to illustrate these issues. First a study of a controversy over urban deer management provides insights into how to map conflicting values and search for common ground in an urban culture with increasingly individualistic values for wildlife. Specifically, the analysis illustrates that common ground may, at times, be found even among people with conflicting value systems. The second case study examined a ranching community faced with predator reintroduction. This case study illustrates tensions that occur when the community of interest (i.e. a national public) is broader than the community of place in which the problem occurs. In this latter situation, the debate centers around more than just different views about the rights of animals. It also entailed the rights of individuals and communities to decide their future. The conclusion discusses the need for wildlife institutions to adapt their underlying decision making philosophy including the way science is integrated into decision making processes in light of the changes in social context caused by urbanization.  相似文献   

Effects of weed control practices on surface-dwelling arthropod predators in tomato agroecosystems     

Yardım  Erdal N.  Edwards  Clive A. 《Phytoparasitica》2002,30(4):379-386

Weed control, an important practice in agroecosystems to protect crop production, is usually achieved with herbicides. However, these pesticides are expensive, pose potential risks to the environment, may affect some beneficial organisms indirectly, and decrease overall arthropod biodiversity, including pests and their natural enemies, by removing weeds that might act as hosts or shelters for many organisms. The activity density response of important surface-dwelling arthropod predators (ground beetles [Coleoptera: Carabidae], ants [Hymenoptera: Formicidae] and spiders [Arachnida: Araneae]) to herbicides (trifluralin and paraquat), and to two alternative weed management practices (rye straw mulch and mechanical treatment to maintain weeds below threshold levels, in comparison with an untreated check), was assessed using pitfall traps. The mulch treatment had the greatest effect on activity density, reducing the number of predators trapped significantly (P<0.05). Herbicide use resulted in significant (P<0.05) reductions in the activity density of ground beetles. Most predators were trapped in the check plots — which had the highest weed biomass, followed in turn by numbers trapped in the threshold weed control treatment, the full herbicide application and the mulch treatment plots. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting July 10, 2002.  相似文献   

Phenotypic Changes in Grain Sorghum Over the Last Five Decades     

Y. Assefa  S. A. Staggenborg 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2011,197(4):249-257

Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is a drought‐tolerant crop, and its productivity in rain fed environments has increased since the 1950s. This increase is due to changes in agronomic practices and hybrid improvement. The objective of this study was to determine what aspects of grain sorghum morphology, physiology and water use have changed with hybrid improvement and might have contributed to this yield increase. A 2‐year greenhouse experiment was conducted with one hybrid from each of the past five decades. The hybrids were studied in well‐watered and pre‐ and post‐flowering water deficit conditions. Total water use, transpiration, stomatal conductance and photosynthesis were measured during the growing period. Biomass and biomass components were measured at harvest. There was no consistent change in the leaf physiological parameters resulting from hybrid advancement. In contrast, total water use increased in rate of 8.5 cm³ kg soil^?1 year^?1 from old to new hybrids in the well‐watered treatments. Root biomass also increased in rate of 0.2 g plant^?1 year^?1. Leaf biomass and panicle length also was greater for the newest compared with the older hybrids. Hybrid advancement was related to increase in panicle length but decrease in peduncle length. Results indicated that hybrid development programmes created hybrids with improved drought avoidance, due to better root density of newly released hybrids, or hybrids with better resource use which ultimately increased yield under rain fed conditions.  相似文献   

基于结构洞指数的网络节点重要度评估     

张惠玲  张蒙 《湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2016,(1):101-103

运用双阶差分模型探究了并购与新建投资模式下公司避税效应的非对称性，并进一步从事后的视角探究该非对称性是否是影响企业投资模式选择的显著影响因素。研究发现：相比于新建投资，并购增加了收购方会计利润应税所得差异，且实质性地降低了其所得税实际有效税率，这表明不同投资模式下公司避税效应存在理论预期的非对称性。进一步研究发现，改变企业会计利润应税所得差异以及会计利润应税所得操纵程度是影响企业投资模式选择的重要因素。从事后的视角来看，企业很可能为了获取更大程度的公司避税效应而选择并购行为。  相似文献   

温室移动机器人避障功能研究   总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4  

阎勤劳  邢作常  冯涛  薛少平 《农业机械学报》2006,37(5):110-112,100

为了实现移动机器人在温室内的避障，应用虚拟力场法建市了避障模型，描述了目标点的虚拟引力和障碍物的虚拟斥力之间的关系及其功能设计，实现了从机器人运动班杯值到控制量的转变。结果证明，机器人在多变的周边环境中能够实现避障的功能。  相似文献   

移动机器人避障路径规划方法研究     

伊连云  张秀英  姚俊红 《农业装备与车辆工程》2006,(3):47-49

以全自主移动机器人为研究平台，介绍了移动机器人的硬件体系结构、避障行为决策、避障运动控制等。提出一种足球机器人避障路径规划方法，该方法吸取了栅格法信息处理量小的优点，只对障碍物的威胁点进行检测，弥补了其在特征匹配方面的不足，同时无需考虑障碍物的运动状态和运动速度，提高了机器人避障的灵活性和鲁棒性。  相似文献   

捕虱管蓟马生物学的初步研究     

田明义  陈守坚 《中国生物防治》1991,(2)

捕虱管蓟马是柑桔盾蚧卵和幼蚧的重要捕食性天敌。在广州地区各虫态均可越冬。该虫常在隐蔽场所活动和取食。种群数量在5月上旬有一显著的高峰(22.1头/叶),此后虫口数量就逐渐下降。在室内(平均气温22～27℃)条件下,完成一个世代需35.4天,产卵量为22.2±6.5粒。雌雄性比平均为3:1。成虫寿命雌17.4±5.6天,雄7.4±4.2天。雌成虫在室内平均一天能捕食褐圆蚧雌虫3.3头,或糠片蚧8.4头。当食料缺乏时,有自相残杀的习性。  相似文献   

应用赤眼蜂蛹人工饲养尼氏钝绥螨的研究初报     

张良武  曹爱华 《中国生物防治》1993,(1)

本文首次报导应用赤眼蜂蛹作为替代食料人工饲养尼氏钝绥螨。日食蛹量,幼螨为0.18头,产卵前期成螨达1.18头,而产卵期成螨则为0.95头左右。在25℃饲养条件下,每雌产卵达45粒,卵历期48小时,孵化率近92％,幼螨存活率88％,成螨雌性占55％,雌成螨寿命25天。用赤眼蜂蛹连代饲养的尼氏钝绥螨在桔园释放,对柑桔全爪螨具有明显的控制作用。  相似文献   

氮肥对水稻叶冠层捕食性天敌种群及其自然控制能力的影响   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

吕仲贤  俞晓平  K L Heong  胡萃 《植物保护学报》2006,33(3):225-229

为了公正地评价氮肥对整个稻田生态系统的影响，在国际水稻研究所试验场分别设立0、100和200kg／hm^2三个氮肥水平，测定了水稻主要特性参数和叶冠层捕食性天敌的种群动态，同时以果蝇蛹作为替代猎物的方法在田间模拟评价了叶冠层捕食性天敌对害虫的自然控制能力。结果表明，虽然施用200kg／hm^2氮肥稻田的稻株高度、叶面积和稻草干重显著比施用100kg／hm^2氮肥稻田的高，但每丛分蘖数和稻谷产量则没有明显差异。在水稻叶冠层中，肖蛸、圆蛛、黑肩绿盲蝽、稻红瓢虫和捕食性螅等为稻飞虱主要捕食性天敌。肖蛸在水稻孕穗期的数量最高，圆蛛的种群随水稻的生长而下降，但黑肩绿盲蝽、稻红瓢虫和捕食性螅的数量却均随水稻的生长而增加。施用氮肥后稻田中肖蛸和稻红瓢虫的种群数量显著减少。在水稻孕穗期，叶冠层上蜘蛛网的数量和蜘蛛网总面积均随氮肥施用量的提高而显著减少。在水稻孕穗期和乳熟期，不施用氮肥稻田中的捕食性天敌对替代猎物果蝇蛹的捕食能力显著高于其它两个施用氮肥的稻田中的捕食能力。而在乳熟期施用100kg／hm^2氮肥稻田的捕食能力又显著比施用200kg／hm^2氮肥稻田的高。结果说明过量施用氮肥可削弱天敌对害虫的自然控制作用。  相似文献