波尔山羊胚胎数量、质量与受体移植妊娠率的关系   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

张红  李键  马保华  邓小东  王波 《四川畜牧兽医》2001,28(11):25-25,27

本文就波尔山羊胚胎数量，质量与受体移植妊娠率的关系进行了探讨。结果表明：胚胎质量优劣是直接影响胚胎移植成功率的关键因素。移植胚胎数量因品种不同有差异。移植双胚，奶山羊受体胚胎成羔率53．4％，明显高于成都麻羊胚胎成羔率36．3％，成都麻羊单胚成羔率为66．7％。  相似文献   

奶牛乳腺炎防治的免疫学和药理学机制   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

伍义行  黄利权 《乳业科学与技术》2001,24(4):37-43

奶牛乳腺炎是一种复杂的多因素疾病，给世界各国奶牛业造成了巨大的经济损失，而至今未能提出一个彻底解决的办法。本文综述了奶牛乳腺炎的致病因素、乳腺的免疫机制和乳腺炎治疗的药理学机制方面的研究进展，重点剖析了乳腺特殊的免疫体系和乳腺炎治疗的药理学特点，分析阐明了奶牛乳腺炎免疫和治疗失败的原因。  相似文献   

烟台市奶牛业现状调查与发展对策     

王敏强  王春宁  李猛  孙明川  滕学胜 《中国牛业科学》2003,29(4):55-58

烟台市奶牛业在改革开放以后，特别是在过去6～7年内有了较快发展，奶牛头数由1978年的不足500头发展到2001年的27000头，牛奶产量达87320t。人均年消费牛奶13．5kg。对烟台市三个奶牛场和三个奶农户抽样调查，5月中下旬奶牛日平均产奶量为24kg，年单产约在6000kg左右，与京、津、沪大型奶牛场的7000kg至9000kg有一定差距，杂交改良牛年单产依杂交改良代数和饲养管理水平不同，约在1500～4000kg。存在的主要问题是奶牛总存栏量少，育种体制不健全，饲料配合欠科学，个体户缺乏组织，产、加、销没有形成在市场经济条件下的利益共同体等。鉴此，应利用现代生物技术，加快现有品种改良，提高奶产业的产、加、销科学组织化程度，创立烟台品牌乳品加工企业等，使烟台市奶牛业向优质、高产、高效方向发展。  相似文献   

大通县城奶牛乳样中葡萄球菌的分离与鉴定   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

卫兰  张迎春 《青海畜牧兽医杂志》2004,34(1):15-16

通过细菌分离培养法对大通县城奶牛乳汁样品36份进行金黄色葡萄球菌的分离，并采用金黄色葡萄球菌常规鉴定方法血浆凝固酶试验、甘露醇发酵试验和接触酶试验进行了鉴定，36份乳样中检出金黄色葡萄球菌阳性7份，阳性率为19．7％(7／36)。  相似文献   

散养成乳牛舍环境测定   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

高腾云  史庆生 《家畜生态》1994,15(1):1-5

以一栋散养成乳牛舍为对象，系统地测定了舍内外的气温、气湿、风速、辐射强度、黑体温度及屋顶热流量。结果表明：从６月１日—９月１０日，舍内旬均气温都在２３．４３℃以上，舍内１４：００气温旬均值都在２８℃以上，舍内旬均ＴＨＩ都超过７１．７１；屋顶热流量曲线的斜率很大、峰值出现于１４：００，并且与舍外黑体温度呈高度的正相关；舍内与舍外的黑体温度、辐射强度分别呈中等以上的正相关；冬季舍内寒冷，同时受舍外气流影响大。笔者认为，通过增加牛舍高度、先用高热阻屋面材料和冬季防风可望改进此类牛舍的环境。  相似文献   

奶牛乳房炎多联苗(B)的临床免疫试验     

罗金印  郁杰  李新圃  李宏胜  张礼华  徐继英 《中兽医医药杂志》2003,22(4):16-19

用奶牛乳房炎多联苗 (B)免疫家兔 ,14 d血清中金黄色葡萄球菌抗体效价可达 1∶ 8,2 8d抗体水平明显升高 ,可达 1∶ 32 ,注苗后 35 d攻毒 ,攻毒后 2 d保护率为 93.3% (14 /15 ) ,自然保护率为 2 0 % (1/5 ) ,10 d保护率为 6 6 .6 % (10 /15 ) ,自然保护率为 2 0 % (1/5 ) ;用多联苗 (B)臀部肌肉注射免疫泌乳牛 ,试验期间 4个月内 ,3ml剂量组临床型乳房炎月平均发病率为 11.0 9% ,其对照组为 2 0 .19% ,发病率降低 4 5 .2 9% ,差异极显著 (P<0 .0 1) ;5 m l剂量组月平均发病率为 13.0 1% ,其对照组为 31.36 % ,发病率降低 5 8.5 1% ,差异极显著 (P<0 .0 1) ;3ml剂量组与 5 m l剂量组之间发病率无明显差异 (P>0 .0 5 ) ;注苗后泌乳牛血清抗体水平可持续 4个月 ,且 30 d时效价水平最高。  相似文献   

Inflammation-related changes in cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP in bovine mastitis     

F. Atroshi  J. Parantainen  S. Sankari  T. Österman 《Veterinary research communications》1989,13(6):427-433

Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) cocentrations in milk and plasma samples from healthy and mastitic cows were determined by radioi-immunoassay and compared with prostaglandins (PGE2, PGF2 and thromboxane B2 [TXB2]), phospholipids and other relevant parameters in milk and blood. The concentrations of cAMP were about five times higher in plasma (p<0.01) than in milk, whereas the cGMP concentration in milk was three times higher (p<0.01) than that in plasma in both healthy and diseased animals. In mastitic milk, the cAMP and cGMP concentrations were 19% and 65% and in blood plasma 13% and 84% higher respectively than in healthy animals. In milk, cyclic nucleotide concentrations correlated with the markedly elevated cell count and also with the prostaglandin concentration and pH. In blood, cAMP correlated positively with phospholipids and cGMP with reduced glutathione (GSH). These changes are considered to be important in the disease process and, in particular, the increase in cGMP deserves further study.  相似文献   

Estimation of daily and total lactation milk yield of Chios ewes from single morning or evening records     

Z. Basdagianni  G. Banos  Z. Abas  G.E. Valergakis 《Livestock Production Science》2005,92(1):59-68

Linear models were developed and evaluated for the estimation of daily (24 h) and total lactation milk yield of dairy sheep from single morning (am) or evening (pm) milking records. A total of 22,908 individual test-day milk records of 5110 ewes of the Chios breed, raised in 46 flocks, were used. Depending on the model, different daily milk yield estimates were derived for each ewe, accounting for lactation number, stage of lactation, season of previous lambing and interval between successive milkings. Daily milk yield was also estimated from doubling the single am or pm record. Actual and estimated yields were compared using root mean square errors (RMSEs), mean absolute differences, an accuracy parameter defined as the ratio of the actual yield variance over the sum of the variances of actual yield and absolute difference, and the product moment correlation between estimated and actual yield. Results were validated on independent datasets. Linear models resulted in less biased and more accurate estimates of the daily milk yield than simply doubling the am or pm record. Root mean square errors decreased by 7-37% and the mean absolute difference was reduced by 1-4% of the average daily yield. Higher accuracy and correlation were obtained from linear model application than doubling. Total lactation milk yield was predicted based on actual daily yield and compared to predictions based on estimated daily yield from am or pm records, as well as directly on single milking records. Root mean square errors obtained when daily yield had been estimated with linear models were 26-35% lower compared to doubling the am or pm yield and 0-13% lower compared to estimating the total lactation yield directly from single milking records. Linear model application also resulted in lower mean absolute difference and higher accuracy and correlation than doubling the am or pm record. Recording the yield of a single milking (am or pm) instead of both can benefit milk recording by reducing its cost and increasing farmer participation. In this context, linear models developed in the present study can be used for the accurate estimation of daily (24 h) and total lactation milk yield from single milking records.  相似文献   

半胱胺促进奶山羊乳腺发育的试验研究     

王月影  王艳玲  杨国宇  范光丽  李和平 《家畜生态》2005,(6)

为了研究半胱胺对奶山羊乳腺发育的影响,选6只空怀奶山羊进行自身前后对照试验和8只妊娠奶山羊进行同胎次配对试验。结果表明,空怀奶山羊对照期乳腺的腺泡很少发育,几乎看不到乳导管,试验期乳腺有明显导管生长和少量腺泡发育;妊娠奶山羊对照组乳腺随着妊娠的进行有少量腺泡发育,腺导管有明显的生长,试验组乳腺有大量的腺泡发育,腺导管生长更明显,且有分泌物出现,血浆中与乳腺发育相关的激素水平明显升高。  相似文献   

奶牛隐性乳腺炎病原菌的分离鉴定     

林炜明  王轶敏  王志东  利光辉  靳亚平 《中国草食动物》2004,24(2):23-24

用兰州乳房炎试验(LMT)对来自西安市某个牛场的76份奶样作隐性乳房炎检验，并对乳样进行细菌分离鉴定。结果表明，该牛场的隐性乳房炎检出率为33％，阳性乳样中细菌检出率为93．4％。阴性乳样中病原菌检出率为28％，在检出的94株细菌中，共有5种菌22株是与乳房炎有关的病原菌。其中葡萄球菌和链球菌占病原菌总数的90％以上。是引起该场奶牛隐性乳房炎的主要病原菌。  相似文献