放牧牦牛采食量和几种消化生理指标的测定   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

严学兵  汪玺  郭玉霞 《中国草食动物》2003,23(5):5-7

在莎草科 +禾本科草地上对放牧条件下牦牛采食量和几种消化生理指标进行测定。结果表明 :牦牛的干物质消化率为 69 3 6%± 5 87% ,放牧牦牛日干物质采食量为 12 2 13g/kg·W0 75,大部分食糜在采食后 60小时左右排出 ,但完全排出要在 5天以后  相似文献   

Changes in the properties of rice varieties with different amylose content on dry heat parboiling     

《Journal of Cereal Science》2015

Dry heat parboiling is a unique paddy processing technique that has been scarcely exploited. Dry heat parboiling at high temperature for short time and low temperature for long time on physical and physicochemical properties of three rice varieties differing in amylose content were studied. Hardness of the kernels increased from 66.4 N, 68.8 N and 59.8 N in raw samples to 89.1 N, 86.9 N and 59.8 N in parboiled high amylose, low amylose and waxy rice samples respectively. Rapid migration and evaporation of water from severely heated kernels caused cavity formation at the centre. Irreversible damage of amylopectin structures to leachable fractions caused continuous rise of the pasting curve. Crystallinity was thereby reduced. Parboiled high amylose samples gave X-ray diffraction patterns with peaks characteristic of A, B and V-type starch crystallinity. Crystalline starch-lipid complexes were observed in low amylose and waxy rices. The significant increase in the amount of rapidly digestible starch from 56.7%, 61.7% and 66.6% in raw samples to 92.1%, 90.8% and 94.8% respectively in severely processed rice samples and subsequent reduction in resistant starch from 24.5%, 21.2% and 18.4% to 0.4%, 1.9% and 0.1% indicated possibilities for targeted food use of the dry heat parboiled samples.  相似文献   

山毛豆草粉颗粒料对肉兔的饲用价值评定   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

蔡小艳  赖志强  石德顺  刘庆友 《草地学报》2013,21(4)

为探讨山毛豆(Tephrosia candida)草粉对肉兔的饲用价值,将60只新西兰青年肉兔分为5组,分别添加0％(对照),10％,20％,30％和40％的山毛豆草粉制成全价颗粒饲料,饲喂90 d后测定各组饲料的营养成分及肉兔采食量、日增重、料重比和屠宰性能.结果表明:山毛豆营养生长期粗蛋白含量为17.77％,肉兔对山毛豆中粗蛋白的消化率为78.09％,山毛豆的可消化总养分为56.18％.与对照组相比,添加20％草粉日增重达到20.80 g·d-1(P＜0.01);料重比为4.45∶ 1(P＜0.05)；屠宰率为57.78％(P＜0.01)；单位kg增重平均最低饲料成本差异显著(P＜0.05).因此,添加20％山毛豆草粉制成全价颗粒饲料可显著提高肉兔的生产性能和养殖效益.  相似文献   

The effects of increasing the level of dietary wormwood (Artemisia montana Pampan) on intake, digestibility, N balance and ruminal fermentation characteristics in sheep     

S.C. Kim  A.T. Adesogan  J.H. Shin  M.D. Lee  Y.D. Ko 《Livestock Science》2006,100(2-3):261-269

This study investigated the effect of replacing concentrates with dry wormwood (Artemisia montana) on the performance of sheep. Four Corriedale × Polwarth sheep (41.3 ± 1.3 kg) were fed diets with an 8 : 2 straw to supplement ratio, for four, consecutive 16 d periods (10 d adaptation, 6 d collection) in a 4 × 4 Latin square design. Supplements were made by substituting 0 (Control), 30 (LW), 50 (MW) or 100 (HW) g/kg DM of concentrate (15.6% CP, 72.1% of TDN) with dried, ground wormwood. Ruminal pH, NH₃–N and volatile fatty acids (VFA) were measured on d 6 of collection. Ether extract (EE) intake was linearly decreased (P < 0.001) with increasing wormwood inclusion, otherwise intake was unaffected. The Control diet had lower (P < 0.05) DM and CP digestibility than LW and MW diets and lower EE digestibility than the LW diet. Retained N (P < 0.05) and microbial N yield (P < 0.01) linearly increased with dietary wormwood level, but efficiency of microbial N synthesis linearly decreased (P < 0.001). Mean concentrations of rumen NH₃–N, total VFA and propionic acid were quadratically increased (P < 0.05) by increasing wormwood inclusion. Replacing concentrates with 30–50 g/kg DM of wormwood increased N retention, microbial N yield and EE digestibility.  相似文献   

The fermentative capacity of growing pigs and adult sows fed diets with contrasting type and level of dietary fibre     

Henry Jrgensen  Anja Serena  Mette S. Hedemann  Knud Erik Bach Knudsen 《Livestock Science》2007,109(1-3):111-114

Adult sows have a more developed gastro-intestinal system than young growing pigs resulting in a superior capacity to digest fibrous components. The main objective of this study was to describe the capacity of sows and growing pigs to digest the fibre components in concentrated low dietary fibre (DF) diet and two high DF diets similar in DF but with contrasting DF solubility. Six sows and four growing pigs were fitted with a simple T-cannula at the terminal ileum. Each balance experiment consisted of a 7-day initial period followed by a 3-day collection of faeces and a 2 or 3-day collection of ileal digesta for growing pigs and adult sows, respectively. When feeding diets with high proportions of soluble non-starch polysaccharides (NSP), the difference in fermentation capacity between growing pigs and adult sows was small. The adult sows showed a higher fermentative capacity, evidenced by a higher fermentation and a higher methane production, when high fibre diet with high amount of insoluble fibre was fed.  相似文献   

Contribution of a straw bedding to digestible nutrient intake of pigs fed diets based on either native or pregelatinized potato starch     

S.T.M. Staals  J.E. Bolhuis  H. van den Brand  W.J.J. Gerrits   《Livestock Science》2007,109(1-3):104-107

In a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement, 16 groups of 12 pigs were assigned to one of two housing systems (straw bedding, S vs. Barren, B) and to one of two starch types (native, N vs. pregelatinized potato starch, P, each included at 35%) to study effects on apparent faecal digestible nutrient intakes. Intake of straw from bedding material was estimated, using several markers, and results are discussed. Straw intake of the S-pigs was estimated between 143 and 234 g DM/d for P-pigs and between 96 and 156 g DM/d for N-pigs, depending on the method used. Nutrient digestibility was reduced in N-pigs when compared with P-pigs. Intake of digestible dry matter, energy, starch and ADF was increased in S-pigs, but the intake of digestible protein was reduced. Despite greatly reduced nutrient digestibility in S-pigs, additional digestible nutrient intake due to housing on a straw bedding can be considerable.  相似文献   

不同处理全棉籽对泌乳牛养分消化率和生产性能的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

王平  李娜  徐全武  辛亚平 《中国牛业科学》2007,33(6):34-37

本试验采用交叉设计,选择年龄、胎次、泌乳量、泌乳日龄都较接近的12头荷斯坦奶牛,随机分为6组,每组2头,进行为期45天的饲养试验,研究不同处理的全棉籽替代等量精料对泌乳牛养分消化率和生产性能的影响.结果表明:用2kg不同处理的全棉籽(脱绒、带绒、带绒压扁)等量替代精料后,三个不同处理全棉籽对泌乳牛养分消化率和生产性能的影响差异均不显著(P＞0.05).从CF和NDF的消化率来看,压扁带绒棉籽组有降低CF和NDF消化率的趋势.  相似文献   

The correlation between passage rate of digesta and dry matter digestibility in various stages of swine     

B.G. Kim  M.D. Lindemann  G.L. Cromwell  A. Balfagon  J.H. Agudelo   《Livestock Science》2007,109(1-3):81-84

The relationship between passage rate of digesta (PRD) and apparent faecal dry matter digestibility (DMD) was investigated in five trials. In trial 1, 2, and 3, 36 weanling (16.9 ± 3.0 kg), 24 growing (51.3 ± 8.8 kg), and 23 finishing (104.8 ± 5.2 kg) barrows were housed in metabolic crates. The beginning and end of 5-day collection periods were marked by the addition of 0.5% indigo carmine to the feed for total faeces collection and PRD determination by observing the time required for the marker to appear. In trial 4 and 5, 21 gestating gilts (215.0 ± 15.0 kg), and 19 lactating sows were individually penned. Addition of 0.5% chromic oxide to the feed enabled indirect determination of DMD and PRD. The PRD, which ranged from 12 to 80 h, was positively correlated with DMD in weanling (R² = 0.483, P < 0.001), growing (R² = 0.425, P < 0.01), and finishing (R² = 0.553, P < 0.001) pigs. Body weight and DMD were not significantly correlated in weanling (R² = 0.001, P = 0.893), growing (R² = 0.000, P = 0.995), or finishing (R² = 0.092, P = 0.156) pigs. A positive correlation between PRD, which ranged from 27 to 102 h, and DMD occurred in gestating gilts (R² = 0.231, P < 0.05), but not in lactating sows (R² = 0.014, P = 0.633). The results indicate that longer retention times of digesta improve DMD in swine. Also the results indicate the importance of PRD as a potential independent variable in digestibility assessments.  相似文献   

Increasing diet viscosity using carboxymethylcellulose in weaned piglets stimulates protein digestibility     

J. Fledderus  P. Bikker  J.W. Kluess 《Livestock Science》2007,109(1-3):89-92

Ileal indigestible protein may be an important factor for the occurrence of post weaning diarrhoea in piglets. Depending on the quantity of indigested protein, an imbalance in the microbial community can occur, resulting in an overgrowth of pathogens. Diet viscosity may influence nutrient digestibility and substrate availability for microbial growth. Therefore, we examined the effect of dietary viscosity in piglet nutrition. Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) was added as a model substance in order to increase diet viscosity. The effect of 1% supplemented CMC on nutrient digestibility, morphological and physiological parameters was measured in piglets 3 weeks post weaning at 26 days of age. The main effects of inclusion of CMC were:

– A 10% slower gastric emptying rate (P = 0.18).

– An increased protein hydrolysis in the gastric fraction, measured as increased nitrogen concentration in the liquid phase of gastric contents (26% in control vs. 34% in experimental group; P = 0.13).

– An increased production of the protein hydrolysing enzyme amino-peptidase from 359 U/g protein for the control diet to 516 U/g protein for the experimental diet (P < 0.01).

– A numerical increase in apparent ileal protein digestibility by 6% from 75.2% to 79.5% (P = 0.22) and a significant increase in faecal protein digestibility by 5% (P = 0.044).

These results indicate that an optimized diet viscosity might be one factor exerting a beneficial influence on protein digestibility. We hypothesize that the effect of diet viscosity on gastric emptying rate is the major factor.  相似文献   

Growth performance and metabolic utilization of diets with native and waxy maize starch by gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) juveniles     

P. Enes  S. Panserat  A. Oliva-Teles 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2008,274(1):101-108

The effect of dietary starch source and level on growth performance, feed utilization, apparent digestibility coefficients and liver enzyme activities involved in intermediary metabolism of gilthead sea bream juveniles was studied. Five isonitrogenous (47% crude protein) and isolipidic (15% crude lipids) diets were formulated to contain 10% native (diet NS10) or waxy (diet WS10) maize starch; 20% native (diet NS20) or waxy (diet WS20) maize starch or no starch (control). Diets were adjusted with α-cellulose. Another diet was formulated without carbohydrates, and contained 70% crude protein and 15% crude lipids (diet HP). Each diet was fed to triplicate groups of 30 fish (initial weight: 20 g) for 12 weeks. The HP group was fed to near satiation and the other 5 groups were fed on a pair-feeding scheme according to the group that ingested less feed (control diet group). The reduction of dietary protein level from 70% to 47% by the incorporation of 20% starch did not significantly affect gilthead sea bream growth performance or feed efficiency. Compared to the control diet, neither the level nor the nature of starch had any measurable effect on growth performance and feed efficiency. Digestibility of starch was unaffected by source or dietary inclusion level. Diet had no effect on plasma glucose levels, but liver glycogen was higher in diet groups NS20, WS20 and HP. Dietary carbohydrates increased GK and G6PD enzyme activities and decreased ALAT and GDH enzyme activities while had only a minor effect on FBPase activity. The nature of dietary starch tested (native or waxy) had little influence on performance criteria.  相似文献