小麦4B染色体上LOX基因的等位变异及其区域分布     

王黎明  孔维玮  高华利  董普辉  闫雪芳  王春平  王洪刚  李兴锋 《作物杂志》2021,37(1):32-138

为了解中国不同麦区小麦种质资源籽粒脂肪氧化酶（lipoxygenase,LOX）活性相关基因TaLox-B1的差异和分布,利用小麦4B染色体上的功能标记LOX16和LOX18对7个麦区的436份种质资源进行分子检测。结果表明：在供试材料中共检测到3种TaLox-B1基因等位变异类型,分别为TaLox-B1a（与高LOX活性相关)、TaLox-B1b（与低LOX活性相关）和杂合型,其频率分别为19.0％、70.4％和10.6％。小麦LOX活性基因不同变异类型在各生态区的分布存在明显差异：基因型TaLox-B1a在黄淮冬麦区、北部冬麦区和长江中下游冬麦区分布较多,其比例分别为21.1%、19.8%和17.6%;基因型TaLox-B1b在西南冬麦区和长江中下游冬麦区分布较多,比例分别为87.9%、72.5%;杂合型仅存在于北部冬麦区、黄淮冬麦区与长江中下游冬麦区,比例分别为14.2%、12.4%和9.8%。利用标记LOX16和LOX18对53个自选高代品系进行分子检测,发现自选品系仅有TaLox-B1b与杂合型两种基因型,其中基因型TaLox-B1ab有32个,比例为60.4%。采用分子标记辅助选择,有利于快速鉴定小麦籽粒LOX活性,加速LOX的遗传改良和新品种选育。  相似文献   

陆地棉功能叶不同生育时期酶活性及脂质过氧化作用的研究   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

王新望  王惠萍 《作物学报》1995,21(2):215-222

对不同熟性棉花品种功能叶几种酶活性及脂质过氧化水平（以丙二醛含量表示）的研究结果表明，超氧物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）活性在吐絮前呈波动上升，吐絮盛期争剧下降；丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）含量吐絮前缓慢上升，吐絮后明显增加；过氧化氢酶（ＣＡＴ）活性在结铃以前随叶片发育而上升，结铃后急剧下降；过氧化物酶（ＰＯＤ）活性始终呈上升趋势。进一步对ＰＯＤ同工酶进行电泳发现，其酶谱构成随生育进程而变化，早熟品种在开花期酶带条数最多  相似文献   

功能竹的定向培育及其可行性(英文)     

史军义  周德群  马丽莎  姚俊  蒲正宇 《农业科学与技术》2016,(3):711-716

功能竹是指经过人工优选、培育和生产出来的具有某种特殊作用或功能的栽培竹品种。功能竹的定向培育,就是根据市场前景广阔和价值最大化原则,运用有效的科学和技术手段并按照人类需求进行的功能竹培育。对于定向培育的功能竹,通常要求其性状相对一致、稳定,品质优异且便于推广,有利于组织科学化、标准化、产业化和规模化生产,目的是在同等时间和空间条件下,选择、培育和发展具有一个或多个指向明确的功能或特点的特色栽培竹品种,在不造成环境压力的情况下,尽可能满足消费者的物质和精神需求,并为生产者赢得更多的经济利益。作者通过认真分析论证,认为该思路不仅具有技术的可行性、资源的可行性和政策的可行性,而且具有经济的可行性和市场的可行性,这对立足中国自身资源特点发展绿色经济具有重要意义。  相似文献   

山东栒子全长转录组测序数据组装及功能注释     

步俊彦  倪瑞强  臧德奎 《分子植物育种》2020,(1):92-99

山东栒子是中国山东省的特有种,现已处于极度濒危状态。目前,山东栒子的分子生物学研究较少,基因数据库资源极度缺乏,急需探究其生物学遗传信息,以加快对山东栒子的保护遗传学工作。本研究以山东栒子叶片、花、成熟果实为实验材料,利用PacBio Sequel测序平台对其转录组进行全长转录组测序。共得到高质量去冗余的转录本53932个,作为最终转录本序列。预测到的CDS区共52490个;对其SSR位点进行分析,对测序得到Unigenes进行单核苷酸至六核苷酸重复的SSR位点搜索,共搜索到26796个SSR位点。对非冗余转录本利用BLAST软件与NR、Swissprot、GO、COG、KOG、KEGG 6个数据库进行比对,一共成功注释了53319个Unigenes,其中与NR数据库进行比对中注释为苹果的的相关基因数量最多,其次是白梨和桃;在GO数据库中有33305条山东栒子Unigenes被注释分类,由生物学过程、细胞成分和分子功能三部分组成;在与COG数据库比对中,共有23910条比对到了同源序列,且一共被分为25类;在与KEGG数据库的一系列比对中,可将Unigenes映射到126条代谢通路中。本研究在高通量全长转录组水平对山东栒子进行了系统研究,这为进一步开展山东栒子的分子标记开发和挖掘优良基因提供了科学依据,从而推动山东栒子的保护与利用。  相似文献   

Strong functional stability of soil microbial communities under semiarid Mediterranean conditions and subjected to long-term shifts in baseline precipitation     

《Soil biology & biochemistry》2014

We investigated the effect of soil microclimate on the structure and functioning of soil microbial communities in a Mediterranean Holm-oak forest subjected to 10 years of partial rain exclusion manipulations, simulating average drought conditions expected in Mediterranean areas for the following decades. We applied a high throughput DNA pyrosequencing technique coupled to parallel measurements of microbial respiration (R_H) and temperature sensitivity of microbial respiration (Q₁₀). Some consistent changes in the structure of bacterial communities suggest a slow process of community shifts parallel to the trend towards oligotrophy in response to long-term droughts. However, the structure of bacterial communities was mainly determined by short-term environmental fluctuations associated with sampling date (winter, spring and summer) rather than long-term (10 years) shifts in baseline precipitation. Moreover, long-term drought did not exert any chronic effect on the functioning of soil microbial communities (R_H and Q₁₀), emphasizing the functional stability of these communities to this long-term but mild shifts in water availability. We hypothesize that the particular conditions of the Mediterranean climate with strong seasonal shifts in both temperature and soil water availability but also characterized by very extreme environmental conditions during summer, was acting as a strong force in community assembling, selecting phenotypes adapted to the semiarid conditions characterizing Mediterranean ecosystems. Relations of climate with the phylogenetic structure and overall diversity of the communities as well as the distribution of the individual responses of different lineages (genera) to climate confirmed our hypotheses, evidencing communities dominated by thermotolerant and drought-tolerant phenotypes.  相似文献   

Effects of Adding Mannan Oligosaccharides to Diets with Different Concentrate to Forage Ratios on Ruminal Fermentation of Sheep in vitro     

ZENG Yan-xia  CHEN Zhi-long  WANG Lin  ZHAO Chen  ZHENG Chen 《中国畜牧兽医》2016,43(1):68-75

The test was aimed at determining the effects of adding MOS to diets with different concentrate to forage ratios on ruminal fermentation of sheep in vitro.The 4×6 two-factor experimental design was chosen.There were 4 diets with different concentrate to forage ratios(20:80, 30:70, 40:60 and 50:50) and added to 6 dosages MOS(0, 0.4%, 0.8%, 1.2%, 1.6% and 2.0%), respectively.The method of gas production in vitro was used to measure the total gas and CH₄ production, IVDMD, IVCPD and IVOMD after cultured for 3, 6, 9, 12 and 24 h.The results showed that the gas(except 12 and 24 h) and CH₄ production(except 9 h) were not impacted by the two factors(P>0.05).The IVDMD, IVCPD and IVOMD were significantly affected by concentrate to forage ratios(P<0.05), while the IVCPD at 24 h was significantly affected by MOS(P<0.05).Meanwhile, all the indexes were not influenced by the interaction of two factors(P>0.05).The IVDMD and IVOMD increased with the rising of concentrate approximately, while the IVCPD decreased with the rising of MOS roughly.The biggest associative effect was gained in 30:70 concentrate to forage diet when adding 1.2% MOS.  相似文献   

Effect of germination time and temperature on the functionality and protein solubility of sorghum flour     

《Journal of Cereal Science》2017

Sorghum was germinated for different time (12, 24, 36 and 48 h) at different temperatures (25, 30 and 35 °C) and the changes in their nutritional and functional properties of germinated sorghum flour were assessed and compared with native sorghum flour. Germination inversely affects the crude protein, fat, fibre and ash content. A decrease in water absorption and swelling power and increase in oil absorption capacity was observed due to enzymatic starch modification as the germination duration progressed. Germination of sorghum increased the gel consistency while paste clarity was decreased as compared to native flour. Proteins were modified by action of enzymes during higher germination time and temperature conditions, which results in significantly higher protein solubility of germinated sorghum flour, which also result in enhancing the foaming and emulsifying properties of the flour. Lowest % synersis value and least gelation concentrations were observed in native sorghum has, which increased during germination and were highest in sorghum germinated for 48 h at 35 °C. Germination in overall can be used as low cost natural bio-processing technique for the preparation of modified flour with enhanced function properties without chemical modification or genetic engineering.  相似文献   

施肥对割草地羊草功能性状和化学计量学的影响     

白玉婷  代景忠  夏江宝  闫瑞瑞  杨红军  吕世杰  卫智军 《草地学报》2021,29(11):2442-2453

本研究以羊草（Leymus chinensis）为研究对象,测定羊草植物功能性状、营养元素和化学计量等多个指标,进行多角度综合系统的研究,阐释羊草割草地羊草种群对不同改良措施的响应特点及变化规律。运用单、双因素方差分析、相关分析和主成分分析方法对相关指标进行统计分析。结果表明：大多数羊草功能性状对施肥处理较为敏感,但随着施肥年份增加,部分指标敏感程度减弱;高浓度（N 10.5 g·m^-2+P 5.1 g·m^-2）施肥处理显著增加了株高和茎长,茎长成为羊草株高增长的主要因素;高浓度（N 10.5 g·m^-2+P 5.1 g·m^-2）施肥处理有利于羊草种群地上生物量的增加;羊草氮含量随着施肥年份增加逐渐增加,羊草氮含量与羊草C：N存在高度负相关,施肥（N 10.5 g·m^-2+P 5.1 g·m^-2）处理下羊草叶片和茎的C：N,羊草个体和叶片C：P最低。  相似文献   

低聚果糖与低聚半乳糖在婴幼儿配方乳粉中的精准化应用     

王炜宏  杨新球 《中国乳业》2021,(7):102-108

母乳是婴幼儿营养配方的金标准,而低聚糖是母乳重要的活性成分。我国母乳喂养婴幼儿平均每天摄入3.5~6.4 g母乳低聚糖,而婴幼儿配方乳粉（以下简称“婴配粉”）喂养婴幼儿平均每天摄入的低聚果糖与低聚半乳糖仅0.6~3.0 g。为精准模拟母乳低聚糖的作用,低聚果糖与低聚半乳糖的含量至关重要。因此,低聚果糖与低聚半乳糖在婴配粉中的添加量有必要适当提高。  相似文献   

Physiotherapy Assessment for the Equine Athlete     

《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice》2016,32(1):31-47

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