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Prado TM DuBois WR Ko JC Mandsager RE Morgan GL 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2008,35(3):201-207
ObjectiveTo evaluate the anesthetic and cardiorespiratory effects of two doses of intramuscular (IM) xylazine/ketamine in alpacas, and to determine if tolazoline would reduce the anesthetic recovery time.Study designProspective randomized crossover study.AnimalsSix castrated male alpacas.MethodsEach alpaca received a low dose (LD) (0.8 mg kg−1 xylazine and 8 mg kg−1 ketamine IM) and high dose (HD) (1.2 mg kg−1 xylazine and 12 mg kg−1 ketamine IM) with a minimum of one week between trials. Time to sedation, duration of lateral recumbency and analgesia, pulse rate, respiratory rate, hemoglobin oxygen saturation, arterial blood pressure, blood-gases, and the electrocardiogram were monitored and recorded during anesthesia. With each treatment three alpacas were randomly selected to receive tolazoline (2 mg kg−1 IM) after 30 minutes of lateral recumbency.ResultsOnset of sedation, lateral recumbency and analgesia was rapid with both treatments. The HD was able to provide ≥30 minutes of anesthesia in five of six alpacas. The LD provided ≥30 minutes of anesthesia in three of six alpacas. Respiratory depression and hypoxemia occurred with the HD treatment during the first 10 minutes of lateral recumbency: two animals were severely hypoxemic and received nasal oxygen for 5 minutes. Heart rate decreased, but there were no significant changes in arterial blood pressure. Tolazoline significantly shortened the duration of recumbency with the HD.ConclusionsThe HD provided more consistent clinical effects in alpacas than the LD. Intramuscular tolazoline shortened the duration of lateral recumbency in alpacas anesthetized with the HD combination.Clinical relevanceBoth doses of the combination were effective in providing restraint in alpacas and the duration of restraint was dose dependent. Supplemental oxygen should be available if using the HD and IM administration of tolazoline will shorten the recovery time. 相似文献
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Cross‐sectional observational survey of serum biochemistry values in a population of 69 adult female alpacas (Vicugna pacos) in South Australia 
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下载免费PDF全文 PD Cockcroft I Mackie J Perry C Caraguel K Townsend MP Reichel 《Australian veterinary journal》2016,94(4):125-126
Blood samples were collected from 69 ‘healthy’ female alpacas aged ≥12 months from 11 properties in South Australia. The 10–90 percentile ranges of the 16/19 analytes measured in this sample population were within the published ranges of four healthy alpaca populations from other geographic locations. Marginal exceptions were glutamate dehydrogenase and bicarbonate. Potassium was notably elevated, probably because of haemolysis of some samples. The sample size was insufficient to provide the appropriate statistical power to define diagnostic references ranges according to international standards. The health status of the sample population of alpacas was presumptive based on a physical examination. 相似文献
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Garcia-Pereira FL Greene SA Keegan RD McEwen MM Tibary A 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2007,34(4):269-274
OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of intravenous (IV) butorphanol on the cardiopulmonary system and on the bispectral index (BIS) in isoflurane-anesthetized alpacas. STUDY DESIGN: Randomized, blinded cross-over experimental trial. ANIMALS: Eight healthy, young (3 +/- 1 SD years) adult female alpacas weighing 64 +/- 9 SD kg. METHODS: Alpacas were anesthetized with isoflurane by mask followed by tracheal intubation and maintenance of anesthesia with isoflurane in oxygen and intermittent positive pressure ventilation. Animals were assigned to two treatments, butorphanol (0.1 mg kg(-1), IV) and saline (0.01 mL kg(-1), IV) in a randomized manner allowing a 2-week interval between treatments. Cardiovascular variables included systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial blood pressure, heart rate, pulmonary arterial pressure, pulmonary arterial occlusion pressure (PAOP), central venous pressure, cardiac output, and pulmonary temperature (TEMP). Cardiac index, systemic vascular resistance (SVR), and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) were calculated. Bispectral index was also measured. Arterial and mixed venous blood samples were collected for blood gas analysis. All variables were recorded at baseline (time 0) and at 5, 10, 15, 30, 45 and 60 minutes following injection and were analyzed by using repeated-measures ANOVA (p < 0.05). PAOP, PVR, and BIS were analyzed by paired t-tests. RESULTS: Butorphanol decreased SVR at all times when compared with the baseline, but no difference was detected between treatments. TEMP decreased with time in both treatments, but they were not different from each other. Other cardiovascular, BIS, and blood gas variables were not different between groups. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: We conclude that butorphanol had minimal effects on the cardiovascular system of the alpacas, causing a mild decrease in SVR. 相似文献
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为阐明羊驼绒毛生长发育提供组织学基础,同时也为毛用动物的遗传改良提供重要的理论依据,通过制作霍奎耶羊驼皮肤组织切片,在显微镜下观察其毛囊兴盛期结构,结果表明霍奎耶羊驼的毛囊结构同其他动物一样,由毛球、连接组织鞘、内根鞘、外根鞘和毛干几部分组成.兴盛期毛囊直径从上到下逐渐增大,末端膨大为毛球,呈一漏斗状,毛球内陷深入形成毛乳头.毛囊群中毛囊的数量较多,且由少量的结缔组织分为两小群. 相似文献
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为了解新疆地区羊驼肠道寄生虫感染情况,采用饱和蔗糖溶液漂浮法和卢戈氏碘液染色法对采自新疆5个养殖基地的185份羊驼新鲜粪便样品进行检查。结果显示:129份样品呈肠道寄生虫阳性,总感染率69.72%;检出8种寄生虫,以球虫为优势感染虫种,感染率57.83%;隐孢子虫、贾第虫、圆线虫、细颈线虫、鞭虫、双腔吸虫和莫尼茨绦虫感染率分别为3.24%、0.54%、15.14%、7.57%、11.35%、1.62%和0.54%。调查表明,新疆地区羊驼肠道寄生虫感染率较高,应加强其检测和防治工作。 相似文献
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GW Smith MP Gerard NB Campbell DM Foster SM Smith JL Davis 《Australian veterinary journal》2009,87(12):487-491
Objective To develop a simple and effective surgical technique for third‐compartment cannulation in alpacas. Design Prospective study using six adult male alpacas. Methods General anaesthesia was induced and a polyurethane gastrostomy tube was surgically implanted into the distal portion of the third compartment. Results Three of the alpacas retained their cannulas for a 100‐day period; however, three cannulas were dislodged during the study. Two of the three dislodged cannulas were replaced during a second surgical procedure. Cannulas were well tolerated by the alpacas and all animals remained clinically healthy during the study period. Third compartment contents did not leak from the cannulation site. The tubes were manually removed following the completion of the study and the small defect in the body wall quickly healed over in all animals. Conclusion Surgical placement of polyurethane tubes designed for percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy is a useful method of cannulating the third compartment in camelids. This technique can be used for experimental studies and possibly could be used for nutritional support and fluid therapy in sick camelids that might need long‐term care. 相似文献
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通过氰仿／异戊醇法从羊驼血液和组织中提取羊驼基因组DNA，首次扩增出羊驼PRLR基因（Prolactin Receptor，PRLR）exon10序列（GenBank登录号为DQ206831），并与其它动物相应区域作了同源性比较，结果表明：羊驼PRLR基因exon10的开放阅读框为1133bp，包括1046bp的编码区和87bp的拖尾区；同源性比较显示，羊驼PRLR基因exon10的核苷酸序列与哺乳动物（牛、绵羊、猪、狗、兔、大鼠等）的同源性较高，达80％，氨基酸序列的同源性则≥66％，而与鱼类的同源性则较低，仅为40％～45％。 相似文献