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Toll-like receptors (TLRs) is the main category of pattern recognition receptors.It is not only expressed in classical immune cells,but also expressed in the ovary and the genital tract of a variety of mammals.It plays an important role in ovarian activities.Biological functions of TLRs in the ovulation processes is the main research content in the field of reproductive immunology because that ovulation is a core event in ovarian activities and the key to determine the success or failure of reproductive.This review will concentrate on expression and distribution of TLRs in mammalian ovary,regulation mechanisms of TLRs expression and function,and the functions and significance of the ovulation process.Then we analyze briefly its possible functions in ovulation-related diseases.We want to provide a reference in research areas of reproductive immunology. 相似文献
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［目的］研究斑马鱼TLR21受体家族的作用。［方法］用各种纯组分刺激斑马鱼,研究斑马鱼TLR21受体家族（zTLR21.1、zTLR21.3、zTLR21.4）的表达量变化,推测它们的功能。［结果］zTLR21.1对于LTA刺激无反应,对于LPS、ployI：C和Glucan刺激都有上调反应。zTLR21.3和zTLR21.4对于LPS、LTA和ployI：C刺激均无反应,对于Glucan刺激有明显上调变化。［结论］zTLR21.1可能是一种能够识别大部分抗原的模式识别受体。zTLR21.3和zTLR21.4的功能很类似,可能都是酵母的特异识别受体。 相似文献
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用柱状黄杆菌Flavobacterium columnare G4株感染草鱼Ctenopharyngodon idella,分别在感染1、4、7d后提取感染组和对照组草鱼鳃、脾脏、肝脏、肠道和头肾5种组织的总RNA,并采用半定量RT-PCR方法检测不同组织中Toll样受体3(TLR3)、Toll样受体7(TLR7)和Toll样受体22(TLR22)3个抗病毒免疫基因的表达变化.结果表明:注射柱状黄杆菌7d后,TLR3在草鱼鳃、肝脏、肠道和头肾4种组织中的表达显著上调(P＜0.05);注射柱状黄杆菌4d和7d后,TLR7和TLR22在5种组织中的表达均显著上调(P＜0.05);而注射柱状黄杆菌1d后,TLR22在鳃、脾脏和肝脏组织中的相对表达量就显著上调(P＜0.05).研究表明,TLR3、TLR7和TLR22基因在机体应对细菌感染的免疫反应过程中发挥着重要的作用. 相似文献
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ZHOU Qiu-ge LIU Chang LIU Yu-hui LAI Jin-lun CHEN Ying-yu GUO Ai-zhen HU Chang-min 《中国畜牧兽医》2016,43(10):2640-2647
Single immunoglobulin IL-1 related receptor (SIGIRR) is a member of TIR superfamily.Recent evidences suggested that it could negatively modulate ILRs/TLRs-mediated innate immune response,and in particular its important role focused from infectious and intestinal inflammation to autoimmunity or cancer-related inflammation had been illuminated.Here,we summarized our current understanding of the expression patterns of SIGIRR gene and protein in different specises including human,mouse and bovine,its downregulate function of the IL-1/TLRs singal pathway and specific negative regulation mechanism ascribed to its structure specificity,and also its elaborate regulating process related to the occurrence and development of different pathogen condition.And then it can not only provide theoretical references for clinical inflammatory related disease,but also broaden the application scope of SIGIRR gene in the treatment of animal diseases. 相似文献
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两栖类处于脊椎动物由水生向陆生进化的过渡阶段,进化地位重要。近年来因疾病的爆发、生境破碎化、环境污染、紫外辐射增加、人为过度捕捉和生物入侵等诸多因素引起的全球范围内两栖类种群数量锐减已引起人们的广泛关注。Toll样受体(Toll-like receptor,TLR)家族是一类从线虫到哺乳动物普遍存在的高度保守的模式识别受体(PRRs),可以识别侵入机体病原体的病原相关分子模式(PAMPs),是两栖类先天性免疫防御系统的重要组成部分。本文结合近些年国内外对两栖类TLRs的研究对两栖类TLRs结构特征、进化特点、在两栖类发育早期的差异表达特征和两栖类TLRs信号通路中相关分子的表达研究进行概述。目前对于两栖类TLRs的研究发现两栖类TLRs兼具鱼类和哺乳类TLRs的特征,并在从鱼类到两栖类到哺乳类的进化过程中,TLRs家族部分成员如TLR2的配体识别功能可能发生了一定程度的特化;在两栖类早期发育阶段,获得性免疫不够完善,以TLRs为主的先天免疫防御系统在抵御病原体的侵袭方面发挥了重要作用;在特定病原菌和病毒的胁迫下,可能激活了TLRs下游不同的途径参与两栖类对病原体的免疫应答反应。 相似文献
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枯草芽孢杆菌对仔猪小肠局部天然免疫及TLR表达的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本研究主要探索枯草芽孢杆菌对仔猪小肠局部天然免疫及TLR表达的影响。选取4窝相同胎次的新生仔猪(15头)为研究对象。分别于仔猪0、7、14、26日龄灌喂枯草芽孢杆菌Bacillus subtilis(活菌数为1×108CFU.mL-1)。试验结果显示:枯草芽孢杆菌能够显著地促进十二指肠中TLR9和细胞因子IL-6的表达(P<0.05)以及回肠中细胞因子IL-1的表达(P<0.01),同时能够显著地提高仔猪小肠IgA分泌细胞的数量(P<0.01)。结果提示,枯草芽孢杆菌可能通过胞外成分激活小肠TLR9的表达后,诱导细胞因子IL-6的分泌,促进IgA分泌细胞数量增加。饲喂枯草芽孢杆菌具有促进新生仔猪小肠细胞免疫和体液免疫的作用,对预防新生仔猪腹泻提供了应用前景。 相似文献
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Mahmoud Tanekhy 《Aquaculture Research》2016,47(5):1369-1391
The immune defence mechanism depends mainly on germ‐line encoded pattern‐recognition receptors (PRRs). These PRRs respond to many exogenous pathogens and/or endogenous serious signals, by recognizing some highly conserved structures such as pathogen‐associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and danger/damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Till date, the most studied PRRs are Toll‐like receptors (TLRs). Upon activation of TLRs, there is production of inflammatory cytokines and type I interferons (IFNs) via myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88)‐dependent or ‐independent signalling, respectively, modulating innate and adaptive immunity, as well as inflammatory responses. In fish species studied to date, there are more than 17 TLRs that are identified with some showing homology to mammals, and some are unique for teleost. In the present review, more light are to be shed on the classification, structure and specific ligands of TLRs, with focuses on their signal pathways and different biological activities. Studies of TLRs and their role in the innate immune will potentially have implications for the prevention and treatment of fish diseases. 相似文献
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Reasons for performing study: Further knowledge of equine keratinocyte physiology and keratinocyte response to various stimuli is important in developing a better understanding of disease states involving the epidermis. Objectives: To assess the inflammatory cytokine response of cultured equine keratinocytes to various pathogen‐associated molecular pattern molecules (PAMPs) from both Gram‐negative and positive bacteria likely to be present in equine sepsis. Methods: Keratinocytes were isolated from skin of 2 horses and primary cultures performed. Keratinocytes were harvested for RNA extraction after exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), lipoteichoic acid (LTA), peptidoglycan (PGN), bacterial DNA (CpG), flagellin or maintained in medium (controls) for 4 or 24 h. Real time‐quantitative PCR was used to quantify interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) and CXCL8 mRNA concentrations. Results: Increases (P<0.05) in IL‐1β, IL‐6 and CXCL8 mRNA concentrations were induced by LPS exposure compared to controls. Increased mRNA concentrations of both IL‐6 and CXCL8 were also noted (vs. controls) upon exposure to flagellin. Overall, responses were greater at 4 h. No increases (P>0.05) in cytokine expression by keratinocytes were present after LTA, PGN or CpG exposure. Conclusions: Increased proinflammatory cytokine expression in response to LPS and flagellin indicate that equine keratinocytes have functional TLR4 and TLR5 receptor signalling. However, the lack of keratinocyte stimulation by PGN, LTA or CpG provides no evidence for functional TLR2, TLR9 or NOD receptor signalling. These results suggest that equine keratinocytes are more responsive to PAMPs usually associated with Gram‐negative sepsis and unresponsive to PAMPs most commonly associated with Gram‐positive sepsis. Potential relevance: The increased incidence of injury of epidermal structures in clinical cases of Gram‐negative (vs. Gram‐positive) sepsis in the horse may be due to a lack of functional TLR signalling for Gram‐positive PAMPs in the equine keratinocyte. 相似文献
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单免疫球蛋白白介素1受体相关蛋白（SIGIRR）是TIR超家族成员,最新研究表明它可负性调节IL-1R/TLRs受体介导的固有免疫应答,且在感染性疾病、肿瘤及自体免疫病诱导的炎症反应调节上所起的重要作用已经被阐明。作者主要综述了SIGIRR基因和蛋白表达模式在人、小鼠、牛等物种间的差异性,因其结构特异性所具有的对IL-1R/TLRs炎性信号通路的负性调控和具体的调控机理,以及在不同炎性相关疾病的发生和发展中抑制炎性反应的机制,进而为临床的炎性相关疾病治疗提供理论借鉴,同时也拓宽了SIGIRR基因在动物疾病治疗中的应用范围。 相似文献