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1.
The objective of this study was to find difference in vascular perfusion of uterine horns or uterine body throughout the estrous cycle and their relation to circulating nitric oxide and leptin concentrations. Five cyclic mares were subjected to transrectal Doppler ultrasonography and blood sampling for 18 days. Area of color and power Doppler modes was measured in pixels. Day (P = .0001) of the estrous cycle and ovulation (P = .0001) influenced uterine blood flow. Uterine body blood flow directed away from the transducer (blue, P = .0001) increased from day −5 until day 0 (day of ovulation), and its power (P = .0001) blood flow increased from day −6 until day 0; then, both decreased until days 12 and 10, respectively. Conversely to the contralateral uterine horn, ipsilateral uterine horn blood flow directed away from the transducer (blue, P = .0001) increased from day −5 until day −1, and its power (P = .0001) blood flow increased from day −6 until day 0; then, both decreased until day 10. Nitric oxide concentrations (P = .0001) attained two major peaks; the first on day −3 and the other persisted from day 2 until day 5. Leptin concentrations increased (P > .001) with a maximum value on day 0 and then decreased until a minimum value on day 9. In conclusion, during the estrous cycle, ipsilateral uterine horn and uterine body blood vessels had similar blood flow. Both leptin and nitric oxide played a role during follicle growth, ovulation, and corpus luteum development and modulated uterine blood flow before and after ovulation. 相似文献
2.
Expression dynamics of bovine MX genes in the endometrium and placenta during
early to mid pregnancy
Takahiro SHIROZU Keisuke SASAKI Manabu KAWAHARA Yojiro YANAGAWA Masashi NAGANO Nobuhiko YAMAUCHI Masashi TAKAHASHI 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2016,62(1):29-35
MX belongs to a family of type I interferon (IFN)-stimulated genes, and the MX protein has
antiviral activity. MX has at least two isoforms, known as MX1 and
MX2, in mammals. Moreover, bovine MX1 has been found to have alternative
splice variants—namely, MX1-a and MX1B. In ruminants, IFN-τ—a type I IFN—is
temporarily produced from the conceptus before implantation and induces MX expression in the
endometrium. However, the expression dynamics of MX after implantation are not clear. In the
present study, we investigated the expression of MX1-a, MX1B and
MX2 in the endometrium and placenta before and after implantation along with the expression
of IFN-α, type I receptors (IFNAR1 and IFNAR2) and
interferon regulatory factors (IRF3 and IRF9). Pregnant uterine samples were
divided into five groups according to pregnancy days 14–18, 25–40, 50–70, 80–100, and 130–150. Tissue samples
were collected from the intercaruncular endometrium (IC), caruncular endometrium (C) and fetal placenta (P).
Although all the MX expressions were significantly higher in the IC and C at days 14–18,
presumably caused by embryo-secreted IFN-τ stimulation, their expressions were also detectable in the IC, C
and P after implantation. Furthermore, IFN-α expression was significantly higher in the IC.
RT-PCR indicated IFNAR1, IFNAR2, IRF3 and
IRF9 mRNA in all the tissues during pregnancy. These results suggest that all the
MX genes are affected by the type I IFN pathway during pregnancy and are involved in an
immune response to protect the mother and fetus. 相似文献
3.
Roberto da Costa RP Ferreira-Dias G Mateus L Korzekwa A Andronowska A Platek R Skarzynski DJ 《Domestic animal endocrinology》2007,32(4):287-302
Nitric oxide (NO) plays an important role in angiogenesis and in the regulation of the blood flow. This study was carried out to investigate (i) the effects of endogenous estrogens and progestins and exogenous progesterone (P4) (5 ng/ml or 1 μg/ml) or estradiol 17β (E2β) (50 pg/ml or 1 μg/ml) on in vitro endometrial NO synthesis; (ii) the presence of different isoforms of NO synthase; (iii) and their relationship to microvascular density in the equine endometrium during the estrous cycle. NOS expression was also evaluated in the myometrium. Expression of endothelial and inducible forms of NOS in the uterus was assessed by Western blot and immunocytochemistry. Vascular density in endometrial tissue was determined on histologic sections. In the luteal phase, compared to the follicular phase, endometrial NO production increased without exogenous hormones and with exogenous E2β (1 μg/ml). Although immunocytochemistry revealed iNOS and eNOS expression in the endometrium, no positive signal for iNOS was detected by Western blot. Endothelial NOS was observed in endometrial glands, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, blood and lymphatic vessels. Endometrial eNOS expression was the highest in the follicular and mid-luteal phases while it was found to be the lowest in the early luteal phase. In the follicular phase, hyperplasia of endometrial tissue with respect to myometrium was detected. No difference in vascular density was present between phases. All together, NO may play some roles in both proliferative and secretory phases of endometrial development in the mare. 相似文献
4.
Katheryn L. Cerny Tom V. Little Charles F. Scoggin Robert J. Coleman Mats H.T. Troedsson Edward L. Squires 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2014
The current field study used thoroughbred stallions and mares from central Kentucky to investigate the occurrence of potentially pathogenic bacteria on the stallion's external genitalia, based on cultures, and investigated the occurrence of bacteria and type of isolate in the mare's uterus after breeding by live cover to stallions with or without positive bacterial cultures. Fifteen thoroughbred stallions and 206 mares from two central Kentucky thoroughbred farms were used during the 2010 and 2011 breeding seasons. Samples for bacteriological evaluation were taken from the prepuce and postejaculate urethra (n = 201) of stallions. Uterine swabs (n = 264) were collected 12-18 hours postbreeding. For statistical analyses, a chi-squared test was used to test the relationship between stallion culture results and postbreeding uterine culture results, as well as the effect of bacterial types found on the stallion cultures with bacterial types found on the postbreeding uterine cultures. Of stallion cultures, 22.4% were positive for potentially pathogenic bacteria, with Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus (51.1%) being the most common isolate. Uterine cultures resulted in a 29.2% positive rate for potentially pathogenic bacteria, with S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus (90.9%) being the most common. There was no difference (P > .05) in the occurrence of bacteria or type of isolate found on uterine cultures after breeding stallions with or without positive cultures. In conclusion, potentially pathogenic bacteria found on the stallion's external genitalia did not affect the occurrence and type of bacterial isolate found in the mare's uterus after breeding by live cover. 相似文献
5.
Fuller W Bazer Gwonhwa Song Jinyoung Kim Kathrin A Dunlap Michael Carey Satterfield Gregory A Johnson Robert C Burghardt 《畜牧与生物技术杂志(英文版)》2012,3(3):109-129
There is a dialogue between the developing conceptus (embryo-fetus and associated placental membranes) and maternal uterus which must be established during the peri-implantation period for pregnancy recognition signaling, implantation, regulation of gene expression by uterine epithelial and stromal cells, placentation and exchange of nutrients and gases. The uterus provide a microenvironment in which molecules secreted by uterine epithelia or transported into the uterine lumen represent histotroph required for growth and development of the conceptus and receptivity of the uterus to implantation. Pregnancy recognition signaling mechanisms sustain the functional lifespan of the corpora lutea (CL) which produce progesterone, the hormone of pregnancy essential for uterine functions that support implantation and placentation required for a successful outcome of pregnancy. It is within the peri-implantation period that most embryonic deaths occur due to deficiencies attributed to uterine functions or failure of the conceptus to develop appropriately, signal pregnancy recognition and/or undergo implantation and placentation. With proper placentation, the fetal fluids and fetal membranes each have unique functions to ensure hematotrophic and histotrophic nutrition in support of growth and development of the fetus. The endocrine status of the pregnant female and her nutritional status are critical for successful establishment and maintenance of pregnancy. This review addresses the complexity of key mechanisms that are characteristic of successful reproduction in sheep and pigs and gaps in knowledge that must be the subject of research in order to enhance fertility and reproductive health of livestock species. 相似文献
6.
Yoshie MANABE Makoto TOCHIGI Akiyoshi MORIWAKI Sakae TAKEUCHI Sumio TAKAHASHI 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2013,59(4):398-404
Reproductive functions decline with the onset of diabetes in female mice. Diabetic mice
have smaller uteri with an underdeveloped endometrium, suggesting diminished
estrogen-induced growth. We aimed to clarify the changes in the estrous cycle and in
insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) expression in the uteri of streptozotocin
(STZ)-treated diabetic mice, because IGF1 is one of the main growth factors involved in
estrogen-induced uterine growth. ICR female mice were intraperitoneally administered STZ
(10 mg/100 g BW), and blood glucose levels were determined. Mice with blood glucose levels
> 200 mg/dl were classified as diabetic mice. The onset of diabetes was associated with
acyclic estrous cycles. Diabetes was also induced with STZ in ovariectomized mice. Uterine
Igf1 mRNA levels were reduced in ovariectomized STZ-treated diabetic
mice. Estrogen is known to stimulate Igf1 mRNA expression in the uterus,
but estrogen action was abolished in the uteri of STZ-treated diabetic mice. mRNA
expressions of estrogen receptor α (ERα) and steroid hormone receptor coactivators
(SRC-1/Ncoa1, SRC-2/Ncoa2,
SRC-3/Ncoa3 and CBP/p300/Crebbp) were reduced in the
uteri of ovariectomized STZ-treated diabetic mice. The present study demonstrates that
diabetes induces a decline in female reproductive functions in mice. Igf1
expression in ovariectomized diabetic female mice was decreased, and decreased
responsiveness to estrogen in the uteri of diabetic mice is probably associated with a
reduction in ERα and steroid receptor coactivator mRNA expression. 相似文献
7.
实验旨在研究雌性山羊早期妊娠和发情周期中 Frizzled-5(FZD5)蛋白在子宫中的表达,以及类固醇激素对 FZD5 的表达调控。选取发情周期、早期妊娠及雌激素(50 μg/mL)与孕酮(50 ng/mL)处理山羊的子宫组织,采用免疫组织化学染色、荧光定量 PCR和 Western blot检测 FZD5在山羊子宫中的表达规律。结果表明:FZD5 蛋白在山羊妊娠早期的子宫腔上皮和腺上皮中表达;FZD5 mRNA 和蛋白在胚胎与子宫的黏附前(D6)和黏附中(D16)表达较高,在黏附后(D19)和胎盘形成早期(D25)呈下降趋势;孕酮处理导致FZD5表达降低,表明山羊子宫中孕酮下调 FZD5的表达。研究提示FZD5可能在山羊胚胎着床过程中发挥作用。 相似文献
8.
观察母兔妊娠20、26、29天和15、30、60、90日龄八点黑獭兔的子宫组织,以探讨八点黑獭兔子宫的形态学发育特点。结果表明：獭兔的子宫随着年龄的增长．其内膜的粘膜上皮由假复层柱状纤毛上皮逐渐分化成紧密规则的单层柱状上皮;固有层在15～30日龄之间出现．内含大量间质细胞;妊娠期固有层发生水肿和充血;子宫肌层在幼龄时分层不明显,各层肌纤维互相交织,随平滑肌细胞分裂增生,3月龄时肌层出现明显的内环、外纵两层,中间形成一层环状排列的血管：獭兔出生后其子宫内膜腺由子宫内膜上皮细胞内陷形成,随后腺上皮细胞经有丝分裂增生,15日龄幼兔已形成单管子宫腺。该研究结果可为兔的解剖学、生殖生理学增添新的内容,也为进一步研究兔生殖系统疾病的治疗与预防提供参考资料。 相似文献
9.
为研发奶牛抗菌肽生物制剂,防治奶牛子宫内膜炎,本研究采用酸性尿素聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳琼脂糖弥散法检测子宫内膜粘液酸溶性提取物抗菌活性;应用琼脂糖电泳及水平电泳洗脱分离相应的抗菌条带,HPLC进一步分离纯化,琼脂糖弥散法检测纯化分子抗菌活性,Tricine-SDS-PAGE电泳检测其分子量。结果表明,从奶牛子宫内膜酸溶性提取物中纯化出一分子量约为14kD左右的抗菌多肽,对大肠杆菌(E.coliBL21)和金黄色葡萄球菌26003具有抗菌活性。本研究可能分离纯化出一种新的子宫内膜分泌的抗菌多肽,其可能参与奶牛子宫的天然防御机制。 相似文献
10.