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Objective To measure the prevalence of megabacteria in budgerigar-breeding colonies and to evaluate possible methods to reduce the prevalence.
Design A monitoring study over several years.
Sample population Two budgerigar ( Melopsittacus undulatus ) colonies with over 300 birds each.
Procedure The prevalence of megabacteria in the faeces in two budgerigar breeding colonies, colony 1 and 2, was determined by faecal examination of each bird. Following an initial survey (1990), most of the birds that were scored 2+ or more were culled and a management practice was implemented to discriminate against positive birds. Consecutive yearly surveys (1991, 1992) were conducted on the young birds bred in these colonies. The prevalence of megabacteria in colony 2 was also evaluated in 1994 and 1996 after all the birds were treated with amphotericin B administered in drinking water.
Results The prevalence of megabacteria in the two colonies was significantly (P < 0.001) different. Overall the prevalence of megabacteria adjusted for colony differences was significantly higher (P < 0.025) in males compared to females. Age was not an influencing factor. After the initial survey, the prevalence in the offspring did not significantly (P > 0.05) decrease in the following two annual breeding seasons but by inference it did significantly decrease after amphotericin B treatment.
Conclusion The practice of culling most birds with more megabacteria in faeces and discriminating against positive birds when selecting birds for breeding or culling birds on show quality does not decrease megabacteria prevalence in the offspring. However, a reduction in prevalence does occur with administration of amphotericin B. Birds may have amphotericin B-resistant organisms and these birds need to be identified and culled. 相似文献
Design A monitoring study over several years.
Sample population Two budgerigar ( Melopsittacus undulatus ) colonies with over 300 birds each.
Procedure The prevalence of megabacteria in the faeces in two budgerigar breeding colonies, colony 1 and 2, was determined by faecal examination of each bird. Following an initial survey (1990), most of the birds that were scored 2+ or more were culled and a management practice was implemented to discriminate against positive birds. Consecutive yearly surveys (1991, 1992) were conducted on the young birds bred in these colonies. The prevalence of megabacteria in colony 2 was also evaluated in 1994 and 1996 after all the birds were treated with amphotericin B administered in drinking water.
Results The prevalence of megabacteria in the two colonies was significantly (P < 0.001) different. Overall the prevalence of megabacteria adjusted for colony differences was significantly higher (P < 0.025) in males compared to females. Age was not an influencing factor. After the initial survey, the prevalence in the offspring did not significantly (P > 0.05) decrease in the following two annual breeding seasons but by inference it did significantly decrease after amphotericin B treatment.
Conclusion The practice of culling most birds with more megabacteria in faeces and discriminating against positive birds when selecting birds for breeding or culling birds on show quality does not decrease megabacteria prevalence in the offspring. However, a reduction in prevalence does occur with administration of amphotericin B. Birds may have amphotericin B-resistant organisms and these birds need to be identified and culled. 相似文献
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Budgerigars ( Melopsittacus undulatus ) from two different breeding colonies were found to have Giardia infection. Light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and in-vitro and in-vivo studies confirmed the species was G psittaci . Chicks were clinically affected and showed signs of retarded growth, dehydration and diarrhoea. The faeces of adult birds treated with metronidazole in drinking water were negative for Giardia 5 days after treatment. Megabacteria were also found in adult birds but were not treated. This study extends the known host range for Giardia in Australia to include budgerigars. 相似文献
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采用湖北省云梦县患鹦鹉幼雏病死亡的虎皮鹦鹉体内分离得到的鹦鹉幼雏病毒(budgerigar fledgling disease virus，BFDV)，应用PCR方法获得BFDV主要结构蛋白基因(VP1)，克隆到pMD18-T载体，构建重组质粒pMD18T-VP1并进行测序，结果显示，结构蛋白基因(VP1)与BFDV欧美分离株的同源性为96％～99％，表明VP1是BFDV保守基因；将VP1亚克隆到原核表达载体pET32( )b，构建重组质粒pET32( )b-VP1，转化菌株BL21(DE3)，诱导表达，经SDS-PAGE和Westem-blot分析，克隆在his-tag下游的结构蛋白基因获得了高效融合表达，表达的融合蛋白分子量约为55 kD。为建立快速、灵敏的鹦鹉幼雏病毒血清学检测方法以及研制基因工程疫苗提供了科学依据。 相似文献
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Michelle Sutherland Natalie Courtman Philip Sacks Patricia Macwhirter 《Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine》2018,27(1):11-16
A 2-year-old pet budgerigar was presented after a period of general malaise that was unresponsive to supportive therapy. Radiographic images revealed a marked hepatomegaly. Hematology results indicated the bird had a severe leukocytosis with marked discrepancy between the hemocytometer white blood cell (WBC) count and WBC estimated from the smear. The leukocytosis was characterized by an extreme heterophilia with marked left shift, including the presence of metamyelocytes and promyelocytes with marked toxic changes, and a marked monocytosis, consistent with a leukemoid response. The bird died despite supportive treatment. Hepatosplenomegaly was present at necropsy. Histopathology of multiple tissues demonstrated acid-fast organisms on Ziehl-Neelsen staining, subsequently identified as Mycobacterium genavese by polymerase chain reaction analysis. Mycobacteriosis should be considered as a differential diagnosis in the presence of a severe leukemoid response with multiple heterophilic precursors in avian species. 相似文献
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为明确虎皮鹦鹉源鹦鹉幼雏病病毒（budgerigar fledgling disease polyomavirus,BFPyV）福建株（命名为FJ-2016株）结构蛋白VP1基因特征,本研究针对BFPyV VP1基因特点设计特异性引物,利用PCR方法扩增获得FJ-2016株VP1基因全长序列,目的片段经胶回收后进行克隆测序。结果显示,BFPyV FJ-2016株VP1基因全长为1 032 bp,编码343个氨基酸。所编码VP1蛋白的理论等电点为5.77,不稳定指数为40.91,是不稳定蛋白;脂肪系数为74.72;总平均疏水性指数为-0.366。将获得的VP1基因序列提交至GenBank,登录号为：MG148345。核苷酸同源性分析表明,不同时间、地区和品种BFPyV的VP1基因十分保守,相互之间的核苷酸同源性均在99.1%以上。遗传进化分析发现,不同时间和地域BFPyV相互之间亲缘关系较近,但可细分为两个大的遗传进化分支（Clade 1和Clade 2）。从宿主品种来看,虎皮鹦鹉源BFPyV各分离株的遗传进化与分离时间及地域无明显关系,虎皮鹦鹉源BFPyV分离株在Clade 1和Clade 2分支均有分布。本研究首次证实福建地区虎皮鹦鹉中存在BFPyV感染,相关研究结果为丰富不同地区BFPyV分子流行病学数据提供参考。 相似文献
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中国发现澳洲长尾小鹦鹉幼雏病 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
１９９４年７月以来，青岛地区爆发流行一种以１５～３０日龄幼雏鹦鹉呈腹泻、羽毛发育障碍为临床特征的急性、高度致死性传染病。病理组织学检查，可在呈大理石样病变的肝组织、肾病变组织和肠上皮细胞内看到核内包涵体。取病变内脏，经磨碎、超声波处理、离心等系列处理后，经负染于电镜下可看到直径４５～５５ｎｍ圆形病毒颗粒，病毒形态与乳多空病毒相似。将组织悬液接种于鹦鹉胚成纤维细胞，盲传４代后即可见到细胞病变（ＣＰＥ）。ＣＰＥ表现为细胞肿大、变圆、脱落，ＨＥ染色可见到病变细胞内有核内包涵体。将细胞培养物接种于１日龄鹦鹉，能复制出与自然病例相似的临床症状。初步研究结果表明，青岛地区目前流行的此种传染病为澳洲长尾小鹦鹉幼雏病，是由乳多空病毒科的多瘤病毒引起的。 相似文献
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