犊牛传统培育法改进试验     

嘎尔迪  敖日格勒  乔秀英  高克勤  李仁枝  李孝 《内蒙古农业大学学报(自然科学版)》1989,(2)

用剩余初乳代替全乳培育犊牛是近年来奶牛业中的新课题之一。本文通过1986—1987年的犊牛饲养试验,对犊牛的饲料采食量、生长发育、成活率及经济效益等方面进行了比较系统的研究。研究结果表明,用发酵初乳培育的犊牛与用常乳培育的犊牛相比:(1)耗奶少培育成本低,每头犊牛节约鲜奶415公斤,节省饲料费233.15元。(2)生长发育良好,尤其早期补喂犊牛料,促进了瘤胃的提早发育。(3)抵抗力强、发病率低,成活率高。(4)经济社会效益显著。  相似文献   

牛初乳中活性物质IgG含量分析   总被引：5，自引：2，他引：5  

丁连才  刘浩强  宋严顺 《中国奶牛》2004,(4):53-54

通过对产犊后前四天内牛初乳活性物质(IgG)含量的检测，分析牛初乳中活性物质的变化规律及冻结、巴氏杀菌对其影响。  相似文献   

A survey of northern Victorian dairy farmers to investigate dairy calf management: colostrum feeding and management          下载免费PDF全文

AJ Phipps  DS Beggs  AJ Murray  PD Mansell  MF Pyman 《Australian veterinary journal》2018,96(4):101-106

Objectives

To describe colostrum management practices carried out in northern Victorian dairy herds and to identify weaknesses in these areas that may affect calf health and welfare by comparing the results with the current industry recommendations

Methods

A questionnaire to obtain information about colostrum management and calf‐rearing practices was sent to commercial dairy farming clients of Rochester Veterinary Practice between June and September 2013. The questionnaire consisted of a general herd overview and colostrum harvesting practices.

Results

The response rate was 39% (58/150). Many dairy producers were not meeting the current industry recommendations in the following areas: (1) time of removal calf from the dam, (2) relying on calf suckling colostrum from the dam to achieve adequate passive transfer, (3) failing to supplement calves with colostrum, (4) feeding inadequate volumes of colostrum, (5) delayed colostrum harvesting, (6) pooling of colostrum, (7) failing to objectively assess colostrum quality or relying on visual assessment and (8) storing colostrum for a prolonged periods of time at ambient temperatures.

Conclusion

The results from this survey highlight the need for greater awareness of industry standards for colostrum management and feeding hygiene.

  相似文献   

基于双向电泳技术研究湖羊初乳和常乳乳蛋白质组差异     

翁秀秀  刘欣欣  乐祥鹏  李万宏  李发弟 《中国畜牧兽医》2021,48(3):865-872

试验旨在分析绵羊初乳和常乳乳蛋白质组的差异，揭示绵羊不同泌乳阶段的乳蛋白质组特征。选用6只胎次相同、预产期相近的湖羊母羊，分别采集分娩后第1、3、7天的初乳和第14、28、56天的常乳，每个时间点采集6份奶样并等体积混合，离心弃去乳脂肪，采用双向电泳（2-DE）技术对初乳和常乳的脱脂乳蛋白进行比较分析。结果发现，初乳中乳蛋白含量较高，且随着泌乳期的延伸，乳蛋白含量降低。以第1天乳蛋白2-DE图谱为参照，第3天检测到38个差异蛋白点，其中有20个蛋白点仅存在于第1天图谱中，有1个蛋白点仅存在于第3天图谱中，其余17个蛋白点呈现表达量的差异；第7天检测到35个差异蛋白点，其中有19个蛋白点仅存在于第1天图谱中，有1个蛋白点仅存在于第7天图谱中，其余15个蛋白点呈现表达量的差异；第14天检测到34个差异蛋白点，其中有11个蛋白点仅存在于第1天图谱中，有1个蛋白点仅存在于第14天图谱中，其余22个蛋白点呈现表达量的差异；第28天检测到38个差异蛋白点，其中有28个蛋白点仅存在于第1天图谱中，有1个蛋白点仅存在于第28天图谱中，其余9个蛋白点呈现表达量的差异；第56天检测到36个差异蛋白点，其中有26个蛋白点仅存在于第1天图谱中，有1个蛋白点仅存在于第56天图谱中，其余9个蛋白点呈现表达量的差异。综上，共检测出44个差异表达的蛋白点，其中有8个蛋白点仅存在于第1天图谱中，而这些蛋白主要涉及免疫活性功能。  相似文献   

中国荷斯坦牛干奶期长度的群体特征及其与生产性能的关系     

宁景扬  马龙刚  陈紫薇  安涛  常瑶  王凯  王磊  陈少侃  张帆  郭刚  张海亮  王雅春 《中国畜牧兽医》2021,48(9):3368-3377

本研究旨在探究北京地区中国荷斯坦牛干奶期长度（DPL）的变化规律及其变异对奶牛各项生产性能的影响，包括产奶性能、繁殖性能、初乳品质和乳房健康。收集了北京地区34个牧场出生于2009—2018年136 231头中国荷斯坦牛的干奶日期、生产性能记录、繁殖性能记录等。通过整理试验牛群的干奶记录，揭示了北京地区中国荷斯坦牛1胎和2胎DPL的群体规律，利用固定模型分析了胎次、产犊季节、场-产犊年和初产月龄对DPL的影响；此外，利用固定模型分析了DPL的变异对日产奶量、乳脂率、乳蛋白率、首末次配种间隔（interval from first to last insemination，IFL）、产犊至首次配种间隔（interval from calving to first insemination，ICF）和初乳品质的影响，利用Logistic回归过程分析了DPL的变异对首次配种受胎率（conception rate of first insemination，CR）、首次配种56 d不返情率（56-days non-return rate of first insemination，NRR56）、难产率和乳房健康的影响。研究结果显示，北京地区中国荷斯坦牛DPL平均为58.81 d，胎次、产犊季节、场-产犊年和初产月龄均对DPL有显著影响（P<0.05）。DPL的变异对日产奶量、乳蛋白率、ICF、CR、NRR56、难产率和乳房健康有显著影响（P<0.05）。干奶期短的奶牛测定日平均乳蛋白率、CR和NRR56更高；DPL适中的奶牛测定日平均产奶量更高、乳房健康水平更好、ICF更短、难产率更低。本研究在国内利用大规模牛群数据揭示了中国荷斯坦牛DPL的群体规律，可为中国规模化奶牛场提升管理水平提供参考。  相似文献   

奶牛初乳与常乳中营养成分和免疫物质的特征     

彭松悦  吴海龙  徐为民  吴喜娟  陈欢欢  车彦  汪晶  张淑君 《中国乳业》2022,(11):111-116

初乳是奶牛产后24 h内的乳汁,为犊牛提供天然免疫和早期生长的能量来源,且初乳在医疗保健领域也具有一定的研究价值。初乳在产后一段时间内的物质成分会发生较大的变化,与常乳形成明显的差异。本文对比分析了初乳和常乳中营养物质、免疫活性物质、生长因子以及酶的含量差异,直观地展现了初乳中不同物质的变化过程,针对性地为初乳和常乳的加工制作提供思路,为特异性地开发初乳资源,提升初乳的利用率给出参考依据。  相似文献   

牛至精油和初乳复合物对机会猪生长性能、血清抗氧化和免疫指标的影响     

张瑞  周维强  马越  吴建平  雷赵民 《中国畜牧兽医》2022,49(4):1314-1321

【目的】 通过研究初生机会猪(体重<1.20 kg)灌服不同水平牛至精油和初乳复合物(EC)对其生长性能、血清抗氧化及免疫指标的影响,为促进机会猪健康发展提供技术依据。【方法】 选择128头体况相近、胎次相近(2/3胎)的大长二元母猪,随机分为4组,每组32头,所有母猪饲粮配方一致。对每组母猪所产仔猪中的机会猪在出生后分别灌服0 mL(对照组,CON)、2 mL(EC2组,1次灌服)、4 mL(EC4组,连续2 d灌服)和6 mL(EC6组,连续3 d灌服)牛至精油和初乳复合物。试验期从出生到断奶共21 d,试验期间记录所有仔猪的初生重和结束体重,用于计算机会猪的平均日增重(ADG),并在试验结束后采集机会猪血清用于测定抗氧化和免疫相关指标。【结果】 与对照组相比,初生机会猪灌服EC显著提高了断奶重和平均日增重(P<0.05),且各腹泻指标均显著降低(P<0.05);EC4和EC6组死亡率显著降低(P<0.05);EC4组各腹泻指标和死亡率均显著低于EC2组(P<0.05)。EC6组血清中谷丙转氨酶(ALT)和谷草转氨酶(AST)活性均显著低于CON组(P<0.05),球蛋白(GLB)、免疫球蛋白A(IgA)、IgG、IgM水平及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性均显著高于CON和EC2组(P<0.05)。【结论】 初生机会猪灌服EC可提高其生长性能,且连续灌服2 d可显著减少腹泻和死亡;连续灌服3 d可提高免疫性能和抗氧化性能。  相似文献   

Colostrogenesis during an induced lactation in dairy cattle          下载免费PDF全文

A. Stark  O. Wellnitz  C. Dechow  R. Bruckmaier  C. Baumrucker 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2015,99(2):356-366

Colostrum immunoglobulin G (IgG) is of major importance for the newborn calf because epitheliochorial placentae do not provide transport in utero. The formation of colostrum occurs in the later stages of pregnancy. Our objectives were to induce lactation in non‐pregnant dairy cows and (i) to determine the changes of IgG in serum and mammary secretions during the induction process and (ii) to establish α‐lactalbumin (αLA) and prolactin (Prl) alterations to monitor the changing mammary epithelial tight junction status and development pattern. Estradiol‐17β (E2) and progesterone (P4) injections in a 1–7 days series were combined with a 3‐day injection series (day 21–23) of dexamethasone (DEX). Blood and both front quarter secretion samples were collected daily. Milking started 24 days after the start of the experiment. Results show that the mammary secretory IgG1 was increased at >7 days after the start of steroid injections and depicted a bimodal pattern reaching a high of 16 mg/ml at 21 day compared with 3.2 mg/ml in the serum. There was a small increase in secretory IgG2 that did not correlate with tight junction status, but never reached the serum concentration. The injections of DEX resulted in constriction of tight junctions. Secretory αLA was immediately increased with steroid injections, dropped precipitously after 7 days and then began a steady increase until the start of milking. Changes in serum αLA are related to mammary tight junctions while serum Prl gradually increased from 30 to >60 ng/ml after the steroid injections stopped. These results provide insights into the mechanisms and timing of colostrogenesis during an induced lactation protocol.  相似文献   

Effect of bovine colostrum intake on growth,reproductive parameters and survival in red kids     

H. Abdou  H. Marichatou  J.‐F. Beckers  I. Dufrasne  M. Issa  J.‐L. Hornick 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2014,98(5):845-852

The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of frozen Azawak colostrum supplementation on body weight (BW), average daily gain (ADG), reproductive parameters (mean age at first parturition, fertility, fecundity, prolificacy) and mortality rate among red kids. The study was conducted at the goat farm secondary centre of Maradi in Niger from September 2010 to September 2011. The control animals (n = 20) were left with their mother, while the treatment animals (n = 20) received in addition 50 ml/animal/day of bovine colostrum at birth and 15 ml/animal/day from d2 to d15. Weight was measured weekly from birth to d365. Mortalities were also recorded over the same period. For reproductive parameters, observations began at weaning (d197). Growth rate was higher (p < 0.001) in supplemented animal, and the treatment effects on ADG were observed up to 150 day after the end of supplementation. A similar long‐lasting trend was also observed in relation to the mortality rate (25% for ColG vs. 55% for ConG; p = 0.05). The age at first kidding tended to be lower in the treated group (13.8 ± 0.7 vs. 14.1 ± 0.8 month; p < 0.1). In conclusion, mild bovine colostrum supplementation induces a long‐lasting positive impact on growth rate and to a lower extent on reproduction parameters and survival rate.  相似文献   

Leptin and ghrelin levels in colostrum,milk and blood plasma of sows and pig neonates during the first week of lactation     

Jarosław Woliński  Monika Słupecka  Katarzyna Romanowicz 《Animal Science Journal》2014,85(2):143-149

Radioimmunology was used to determine leptin and ghrelin levels in sow colostrum and milk in relation to those in sow and neonatal pig blood plasma and to the body weight of piglets during the first week of lactation. The highest concentration of leptin was found in colostrum on the second day of lactation (69.3 ± 6.3 ng/mL). Leptin concentrations in sow plasma were significantly lower than in colostrum/milk (2.19 ± 0.9 ng/mL, P = 0.7692) and were stable in the first 7 days of lactation. Total and active ghrelin concentrations in colostrum/milk were stable in the measured time points (6734 ± 261 pg/mL, P = 0.3397; 831 ± 242 pg/mL, P = 0.3988, respectively). Total ghrelin concentrations in sow plasma were lower than in colostrum/milk. These results indicate that pigs follow a unique species‐specific pattern of leptin and ghrelin synthesis, release and existence, and that the mammary gland is an important source of leptin and ghrelin contained in colostrum/milk.  相似文献