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SILKE HECHT GREGORY B. DANIEL SALLY K. MITCHELL 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2006,47(6):602-608
Diuretic renal scintigraphy is commonly used in human medicine to differentiate obstructive from nonobstructive pyelectasia. In order to determine normal parameters, 99mTc-DTPA renal scintigraphy was performed twice in 20 healthy adult Mongrel dogs. Each dog was injected with either 3.0 mg/kg furosemide or an equivalent volume of saline 4.5 min following injection of the radiopharmaceutical. The following parameters were evaluated: (1) global and individual glomerular filtration rate (GFR); (2) time of peak (TOP) of the time-activity curve (TAC); (3) shape of the TAC; (4) individual kidney excretion half-time (T1/2); (5) proportion of maximum activity measured at end of study (8 min); (6) time of onset; and (7) duration of the effect of the diuretic. Most TAC in the diuretic renography group showed a steep drop in the curve following administration of the diuretic compared with a gradual slope in the saline control group. There was a statistically significant difference in T1/2 between the control renograms (median 10.25 min, range 4.41-18.07 min) and the diuretic renograms (median 4.16 min, range 3.62-5.90 min). There was a statistically significant difference in percentage maximum activity between the control renograms (median 65.25%, range 48.27-93.68%) and the diuretic renograms (median 48.54%, range 35.64-58.76%). Median time of onset of the diuretic effect was 1.10 min (0.20-2.40 min), and median duration was 0.83 min (0.30-2.35 min). 相似文献
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目的：初探大叶斑鸠菊的药效。方法：将大叶斑鸠菊制成浓度为1 g生药/mL的提取液,通过抑菌试验、利尿试验及对鸡肾肿的治疗试验,考察其药效。结果：大叶斑鸠菊提取液对大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌、巴氏杆菌有一定抑制作用,最小抑菌浓度均为0.25 g/mL,对金黄色葡萄球菌无抑制效果;有一定利尿作用;饲喂0.4、0.5、0.6 g/mL不同剂量大叶斑鸠菊提取液,2次/d,鸡肾肿明显减轻,鸡的存活率提高,分别为42.86%、71.43%和85.71%。结论：大叶斑鸠菊具有一定抑菌作用、利尿作用,对鸡肾肿有较好的治疗效果。 相似文献
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Central diabetes insipidus (DI) was diagnosed in a 20‐year‐old American Quarter Horse gelding that was concomitantly affected with pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID). The diagnosis of DI was supported by a positive response to administered desmopressin acetate. Diagnosis of PPID was supported by physical appearance and elevated plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone concentration following domperidone administration. The horse's physical condition improved following treatment with pergolide but long‐term treatment with desmopressin was not undertaken and severe polyuria and polydipsia persisted. Desmopressin acetate appears to be useful for the diagnosis of DI in mature horses concomitantly affected with PPID. 相似文献
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Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Johansson AM Gardner SY Levine JF Papich MG LaFevers DH Fuquay LR Reagan VH Atkins CE 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):887-895
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses. 相似文献
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Mark A. Oyama Darcy Adin 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2023,37(1):12-21
Diuretics, such as furosemide, are routinely administered to dogs with congestive heart failure (CHF). Traditionally, dose and determination of efficacy primarily are based on clinical signs rather than quantitative measures of drug action. Treatment of human CHF patients increasingly is guided by quantification of urine sodium concentration (uNa) and urine volume after diuretic administration. Use of these and other measures of diuretic responsiveness is associated with decreased duration of hospitalization, complication rates, future rehospitalization, and mortality. At their core, loop diuretics act through natriuresis, and attention to body sodium (Na) stores and handling offers insight into the pathophysiology of CHF and pharmacology of diuretics beyond what is achievable from clinical signs alone. Human patients with low diuretic responsiveness or diuretic resistance are at risk for difficult or incomplete decongestion that requires diuretic intensification or other remedial strategies. Identification of the specific etiology of resistance in a patient can help tailor personalized interventions. In this review, we advance the concept of loop diuretic responsiveness by highlighting Na and natriuresis. Specifically, we review body water homeostasis and congestion in light of the increasingly recognized role of interstitial Na, propose definitions for diuretic responsiveness and resistance in veterinary subjects, review relevant findings of recent studies, explain how the particular cause of resistance can guide treatment, and identify current knowledge gaps. We believe that a quantitative approach to loop diuretic usage primarily involving natriuresis will advance our understanding and care of dogs with CHF. 相似文献
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Potential interactions between non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and other drugs 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Lauren A. Trepanier DVM PhD Diplomate DACVIM Diplomate DACVP 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2005,15(4):248-253
Objective: The objective of this review is to summarize what is known in human and veterinary patients regarding the potential interactions of non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) with clinically important drugs. Data sources: Relevant articles as identified through searches of Medline, 1985 to present. Human data synthesis: Hemodynamic drug interactions are most likely to cause clinically relevant problems in humans, in which NSAIDs blunt the response to anti‐hypertensive agents and diuretics in patients with cardiovascular disease, or cause renal decompensation in patients with hypovolemia. In addition, NSAIDs enhance the ulcerogenic effects of glucocorticoids or other recently administered NSAIDs, and can increase bleeding from anti‐coagulant drugs or from herbs with platelet inhibitory activities. Veterinary data synthesis: Although there are numerous studies examining the safety and efficacy of various NSAIDs in healthy or arthritic dogs, there are very few studies that address the safety of these agents in veterinary patients receiving medication for other acute or chronic conditions. Conclusions: Based upon what is known in humans, more studies are needed in veterinary patients to assess the safety of NSAIDs in those animals being treated with anti‐hypertensive, diuretic or anti‐coagulant drugs. 相似文献
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建立了动物尿液中氯噻嗪、氢氯噻嗪、氢氟噻嗪、氯噻酮、三氯噻嗪、甲氯噻嗪、呋噻米和依他尼酸等8种利尿剂残留检测的高效液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)方法.尿液样品经乙酸乙酯提取、阴离子交换固相萃取柱(PAX)净化、C18色谱柱分离、电喷雾离子化(ESI-)和选择反应监测(SRM)方式采集,外标法定量.该方法的检测限和定量限分别为10 μg/L和20 μg/L;利尿剂的测定在20～200 μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数R2大于0.99;猪尿在20、50和100 μg/L三个添加浓度的平均回收率为74.0%～107.7%,批内RSD为5.2%～10.8%,批间RSD为5.7%～15.6%;牛尿在20、50和100 μg/L三个添加浓度的平均回收率为71.1%～109.0%,批内RSD为3.9%～10.1%,批间RSD为6.4%～15.6%. 相似文献
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SILKE HECHT INDIA F. LANE GREGORY B. DANIEL FEDERICA MORANDI DOROTHY E. SHARP 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2008,49(6):589-594
The purpose of this study was to develop a protocol for diuretic renal scintigraphy (renography) in cats and describe normal findings. 99mTc‐DTPA renal scintigraphy was performed twice in 10 healthy cats. Furosemide or saline were injected 4.5 min after radiopharmaceutical administration for the diuretic or control scan, respectively. A dynamic acquisition was performed for 8 min. The following parameters were evaluated: (1) global and individual glomerular filtration rate (GFR); (2) shape of the time–activity curve (TAC); (3) time of peak (TOP); (4) individual kidney excretion half‐time (T1/2) of the radiopharmaceutical; (5) percentage of maximum activity measured at the end of the study. Global GFR in the control studies (2.79±0.83 ml/min/kg, mean±SD) did not differ significantly from the diuretic scans (2.34±0.51 ml/min/kg). The shape of most (16/20) TAC of diuretic renograms was similar to those of control renograms. The TOP of the diuretic renogram curves was 3.06±0.58 min, and did not differ from that of the control scans (3.01±0.61 min). T1/2 of the diuretic renograms was significantly shorter (5.15±0.83 min) than that of the control renograms (6.31±1.50 min). A significantly lower percentage of maximum activity was present at the end of the study in diuretic renograms (median: 47.25%; range: 33.60–59.60%) compared with control renograms (63.40%; 30.00–69.40%). Diuretic renal scintigraphy is a noninvasive and fast procedure to perform in cats. The applicability of this technique needs to be investigated in patients with significantly impaired renal function and obstructive uropathies. 相似文献