致谢审稿专家     

LI Ling-Ling  HUANG Li-Dong  CHUNG Ren-Shih  ZHANG Yong-Song  FOK Ka-Hang 《土壤圈》2010,20(6):i-vi

Two agricultural soils were collected from Dahu and Pinchen counties and swine manure compost (SMC) from Pingtung County in Taiwan, China to investigate the sorption and dissipation of three tetracyclines (TCs), i.e., oxytetracycline (OTC), tetracycline (TC) and chlortetracycline (CTC), in compost, soils and soil/compost mixtures with different organic carbon (OC) contents. There were seven treatments in total. TCs were most strongly adsorbed to SMC in all treatments due to the high OC content. When SMC was present in the soils, the sorption of TCs was significantly enhanced, which might be attributed to the increased OC content and CEC. The adsorption of TCs showed non-linear adsorption isotherms and fitted well to the Freundlich model. After 49 d of incubation at 25 oC in soils and soil/compost mixtures in the dark, TCs elapsed in all substrates, with the time required for 50% degradation (DT50) between 20 and 41 d, and the time for 90% degradation (DT90) between 68 and 137 d. Soil amended with compost enhanced the stability of TCs and reduced their mobility. The dissipation of TCs in a soil environment was slow, indicating that these compounds might be persistent in soil.  相似文献   

Intestinal absorption of forsythoside A in different compositions of Shuang-Huang-Lian     

Zhou W  Di LQ  Shan JJ  Bi XL  Chen LT  Wang LC 《Fitoterapia》2011,82(3):375-382

Shuang-Huang-Lian (SHL), a traditional Chinese formula containing Lonicerae japonicae flos (LJF), Scutellariae radix (SR) and Forsythiae fructus (FF), is commonly used to treat acute upper respiratory tract infection, acute bronchitis and light pneumonia. Forsythoside A is one of the main active ingredients in Forsythiae fructus, a key herb in SHL. In the present study, effects of different compositions in SHL on the intestinal absorption of forsythoside A were investigated. The observations from in situ intestinal circulation model showed that A/%(h^− 1) of forsythoside A in FF + LSF, FF + SR and SHL were all reduced greatly compared with that in FF. However, in pharmacokinetics study, C_max and AUC_0 → 1440 of forsythoside A all increased and T_1/2 prolonged in SHL, FF + LJF and FF + SR compared with FF. The results indicated that the different compositions of SHL decreased absorption but increased bioavailability of forsythoside A, which may be related to its metabolism inhibited in intestine or liver.  相似文献   

pH对氟磺胺草醚水解的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

朱聪  开美玲  丁先锋  史建君  徐步进  郭江峰 《农业环境科学学报》2007,26(Z1)

采用试验分析方法研究了氟磺胺草醚在不同pH缓冲溶液中的水解作用。结果表明,随着溶液pH值的增大,氟磺胺草醚的水解反应逐渐减慢,速率常数K减小,半衰期相应地增大。氟磺胺草醚在pH为5.0、6.0、7.0、8.0、9.0的缓冲液中的水解半衰期分别为105.74、157.41、183.26、215.16、247.40 d。  相似文献   

设施条件下添加有机肥对土壤中土霉素消减作用     

于晓璐  刘航  刘晓霞  陈俊豪  李国学  李彦明  孙英 《农业工程学报》2016,32(Z2):304-310

在设施条件下,通过在含有不同浓度(43.62、1638.78和10936.38μg/kg)土霉素的土壤中添加不同比例(5%、10%)有机肥,研究有机肥对土霉素消减的影响及其影响因素,并运用准一级动力学模型对土霉素消减动态的拟合。结果表明,在低污染处理组和高污染处理组28 d后土霉素消减进入平稳期,低污染处理组添加5%和10%有机肥后,消减率提高了17.71%和16.03%,半衰期缩短了9.02和9.50 d;高污染处理组添加5%和10%有机肥后,消减率提高了19.83%和17.93%,半衰期缩短了12.28和13.38 d。主成分分析对土壤理化性质与土霉素消减动态的分析结果表明土壤有机质、总氮及p H值与添加有机肥的比例呈较高的正相关性,土霉素的消减率与有机肥添加比例成一定的正相关性。与对照土壤比较,添加有机肥可促进土壤中土霉素的消减,并随土霉素初始浓度的增大作用更为明显,但有机肥添加比例对土霉素消减的促进作用没有显著差异。  相似文献   

Kinetic Study of the Degradation of Ethiofencarb in Aqueous Solutions     

Jesús Sanz-Asensio  María Plaza-Medina  María T. Martínez-Soria 《Pest management science》1997,50(3):187-194

A kinetic study of the hydrolysis of ethiofencarb (α-ethylthio-o-tolyl methylcarbamate) in pure water and in aqueous solutions at pH 2, 6, 9 and 12 and at three different temperatures (4, 20 and 50(±1)°C) has been carried out using a gas chromatographic nitrogen-phosphorus detection method. The values of the first-order rate constants (k) for the degradation reaction were calculated. The values for k were found to be dependent on pH and temperature. No acid hydrolysis was observed in any case. Complete degradation of ethiofencarb was observed at pH 12 at all three temperatures; it was practically instantaneous at room temperature. Ethiofencarb was also completely degraded at pH 9 at 20 and 50°C, while in pure water (pH 6) degradation took place at 50°C but not at 20°C. Ethiofencarb was not degraded in pure water at lower temperatures and, due to the reversible nature of the reaction, at equilibrium about 80% of the pesticide remained undegraded at room temperature. © 1997 SCI.  相似文献   

Suitability of tef varieties in mixed wheat flour bread matrices: A physico-chemical and nutritional approach     

《Journal of Cereal Science》2015

Wheat flour replacement from 0 to 40% by single tef flours from three Ethiopian varieties DZ-01-99 (brown grain tef), DZ-Cr-37 (white grain tef) and DZ-Cr-387 (Quncho, white grain tef) yielded a technologically viable ciabatta type composite bread with acceptable sensory properties and enhanced nutritional value, as compared to 100% refined wheat flour. Incorporation of tef flour from 30% to 40% imparted discreet negative effects in terms of decreased loaf volume and crumb resilience, and increase of crumb hardness in brown tef blended breads. Increment of crumb hardness on aging was in general much lower in tef blended breads compared to wheat bread counterparts, revealing slower firming kinetics, especially for brown tef blended breads. Blended breads with 40% white tef exhibited similar extent and variable rate of retrogradation kinetics along storage, while brown tef-blended breads retrograded slower but in higher extent than control wheat flour breads. Breads that contains 40% tef grain flour were found to contain five folds (DZ-01-99, DZ-Cr-387) to 10 folds (DZ-Cr-37) Fe, three folds Mn, twice Cu, Zn and Mg, and 1.5 times Ca, K, and P contents as compared to the contents found in 100% refined wheat grain flour breads. In addition, suitable dietary trends for lower rapidly digestible starch and starch digestion rate index were met from tef grain flour fortified breads.  相似文献   

褶牡蛎对重金属的生物富集动力学特性研究     

沈盎绿  ;马继臻  ;平仙隐  ;沈新强 《农业环境保护》2009,(4):783-788

应用实验生态方法研究了褶牡蛎对8种常见的重金属生物富集动力学特性,得出了褶牡蛎对重金属的生物富集系数、生物半衰期以及生物富集曲线。结果表明,到积累实验结束时褶牡蛎对Pb、Zn、Cd、Cr、Ni和Hg的生物富集系数分别是15．60、26．53、60．06、7．61、5．82和47．88,褶牡蛎对Cu和As的富集规律不明显,生物富集曲线分别为yPI7=0．4046e^0.1168xR^2=0．7378,yZn=0．0408x^2＋0．2909x＋59．969 R^2=0．9307,yGl=2．5263e^0.0867x R^2=0．7089,YCr=0．6832e^0.0942x R^2=0．8544,yNi=0．4178e^0.0714x R^2=0．6856和yHg=0．0015x^2＋0．0444x＋0：0644 R^2=0．8301,以积累实验结束时的生物富集系数为基准,褶牡蛎对这几种重金属的富集能力为Cd〉Hg〉Zn〉Pb〉Cr〉Ni;到释放实验结束时褶牡蛎对Pb、Zn、Cd、Cr和Hg的生物半衰期分别是23．1、13031．7、67,7、32．9和36．1d,褶牡蛎是Zn、Cd和Hg的强的净积累者,以释放实验结束时的生物半衰期为基准,褶牛十蛎对这几种重金属的排毒释放顺序为Pb〉Cr〉Hg〉Cd〉Zn。  相似文献   

噻唑膦在西瓜及土壤中的残留动态研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

张玉婷  郭永泽  刘磊  邵辉  李辉  李娜 《天津农业科学》2011,17(4):68-70

为评价噻唑膦在西瓜上的残留动态并制定合理的使用方法,在天津、南京两地同时进行了噻唑膦在西瓜上的残留动态试验。结果表明,在试验条件下,噻唑膦在西瓜中无明显消解规律,在土壤中的半衰期为8.9～9.3d;噻唑膦在西瓜(全果)中的最终残留量为未检出～0.020mg·kg-1,瓜皮中的最终残留量为未检出～0.030mg·kg-1,瓜肉中的最终残留量均为未检出。10%噻唑膦颗粒剂在西瓜上合理使用方法为:以2250～3000g(a.i.)·hm-2,土壤撒施1次,噻唑膦在西瓜中最高残留限量(MRL值)推荐值为0·5mg·kg-1。  相似文献   

氨苄西林混悬液在鸡体内的药物动力学及其生物利用度研究     

刘志亮  余祖功  李丽杰  裴香玲  乔彦良  闫祥华  马凤龙 《中国畜牧兽医》2010,37(6):176-179

作者对10%氨苄西林混悬液在靶动物-鸡体内的药物动力学及生物利用度进行了研究,结果表明,10%氨苄西林混悬液吸收迅速,达峰时间快,约0.89h即达峰值;消除半衰期较短,约2.5h;绝对生物利用度为35.27%,略高于氨苄西林溶液剂的绝对生物利用度(34.30%);氨苄西林混悬液在鸡口服给药后的生物等效性为109.8%。  相似文献   

手性差异对水产养殖沉积物环境中农药氰戊菊酯降解的影响     

宋超  邹剑敏  汪倩  陈曦  方龙香  裘丽萍  陈家长 《中国农学通报》2021,37(28):153-158

为研究养殖池塘底泥环境中农药氰戊菊酯（fenvalerate,简称FV）及其异构体（分别用FV1、FV2表示反式异构体,FV3和FV4表示顺式异构体）的消除动态规律,本研究通过室内模拟培育的方式观察底泥样本中FV及其手性异构体在浓度水平和异构体差异上的消除变化规律。研究发现,FV在底泥环境中的降解过程符合一级降解动力学方程。不同暴露浓度条件下,FV及其手性异构体的降解半衰期均无显著性差异,FV在环境中的半衰期范围是19.47~38.73天。不同手性异构体在底泥环境中的半衰期存在差异,FV1的降解半衰期显著高于其他异构体,FV3显著高于FV2和FV4。FV在底泥环境中存在α-C位置异构的转化现象,当转化进行3周后,转化速率变慢,转化产物变化开始不断减少。研究认为,FV在底泥中的蓄积周期较长,应尽量避免FV在底泥环境中的直接残留和暴露。此外,为安全进行渔业生产和有效进行环境生态风险评价,在底泥FV残留的检测或去除研究中应区分其不同的手性异构体。  相似文献