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RD Jolly AC Johnstone SD Williams K Zhang TW Jordan 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(5):210-217
AIM: To investigate an axonopathy of Merino sheep that caused progressive hindlimb ataxia and slight to moderate paresis, with the purpose of understanding its pathogenesis. METHODS: Tissues were fixed in buffered paraformaldehyde or paraformaldehyde and glutaraldehyde, processed into wax and epoxy resin, respectively, and examined by light and electron microscopy. Fresh frozen spinal cord and trigeminal nerve roots were subjected to homogenisation, centrifugation and two-dimensional electrophoresis. Selected protein spots were identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation (MALDI) mass spectrometry. RESULTS. By light microscopy, there were large pale foamy spheroidal axonal swellings affecting peripheral as well as central axons. By electron microscopy, these were shown to contain many membrane-bound vesicles. The main abnormalities in expressed proteins involved cytoskeletal elements and myosin heavy chain, the latter interpreted as associated with the molecular motor myosin Va. CONCLUSIONS: The disorder is the same as that described in Merinos in Australia as segmental axonopathy, and believed to have an inherited aetiology. The lesions and protein changes indicate abnormalities of the cytoskeleton, its relationship with the myelin sheath, and myosin Va molecular motor. The consequence appears to be abnormal axonal transport and inability to maintain the integrity of axons and their myelin sheaths. 相似文献
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Shanon M. Zabolotzky Karen M. Vernau Philip H. Kass William Vernau 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2010,39(1):90-95
Background: Myelin‐like material in canine cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens has been attributed to demyelinating or myelomalacic conditions. In our experience, myelin‐like material is observed frequently, especially in lumbar samples, and in a variety of disease conditions. Objectives: The objective of this study was to determine if there are associations between the presence of myelin‐like material and CSF collection site, body weight, underlying disease, and patient outcome. Methods: Wright–Giemsa‐stained cytocentrifuged specimens of CSF from the cerebellomedullary cistern (n=51) and lumbar cistern (n=47) of 98 dogs with neurologic disease were evaluated retrospectively for the presence and amount of extracellular myelin‐like material. Results were compared based on collection site, body weight, type of neurologic disease, and outcome. Results: Myelin‐like material was observed in 20/98 (20%) samples and was more frequently observed in lumbar (17/47, 36%) than cerebellomedullary samples (3/51, 6%) (P=.0028). Samples from dogs <10 kg were more likely to contain myelin (14/36, 39%) compared with dogs ≥10 kg (5/60, 8%) (P=.0052). Larger amounts of myelin‐like material were observed in CSF from dogs with intervertebral disk disease compared with other diseases (P=.045). No association was found between myelin‐like material and outcome. Conclusion: The association of extracellular myelin‐like material in canine CSF samples with sampling site and body weight suggests it is more often an artifact of collection technique and anatomy rather than the result of neurologic disease. Myelin‐like material in CSF is not associated with a poorer prognosis. 相似文献
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Measurement of myelin basic protein in the cerebrospinal fluid of dogs with degenerative myelopathy 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Oji T Kamishina H Cheeseman JA Clemmons RM 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2007,36(3):281-284
BACKGROUND: Analysis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is part of a routine clinical workup in veterinary patients when neurologic disease is suspected. However, knowledge of particular protein markers of disease in CSF is limited. The concentration of myelin basic protein (MBP) in CSF is used as a biochemical marker in humans to evaluate demyelinating lesions in the central nervous system (CNS). OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate an ELISA for determination of MBP concentration in the CSF of German shepherd dogs with degenerative myelopathy (GSDM). METHODS: Cross-reactivity of the anti-human polyclonal antibody used in a commercial ELISA (Active MBP ELISA, Diagnostic Systems Laboratories Inc, Webster, TX, USA) was tested with canine MBP by immunoblotting. CSF samples were collected from both the cisterna magna and the lumbar cistern of 8 clinically healthy control dogs and 8 German shepherd dogs clinically diagnosed with GSDM. MBP concentrations were measured in all CSF samples using the ELISA. RESULTS: The mean MBP concentration in CSF from the lumbar cistern of dogs with GSDM (3.13 -/+ 0.46 ng/mL) was significantly higher than that in the cisterna magna (0.70 -/+ 0.06 ng/mL) and from both cisternal (0.47 -/+ 0.07 ng/mL) and lumbar (0.94 -/+ 0.37 ng/mL) samples from control dogs. CONCLUSION: The MBP ELISA has potential as a supplemental test of CSF to diagnose demyelinating disorders in dogs. 相似文献
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Extracted from the dried root bark of Dictamnus dasycarpus Turcz., Family Rutaceae, fraxinellone exhibited multiple bioactivities, e.g. feeding-deterrent, growth-control and toxic activities against insects. We investigated the effect of fraxinellone on fifth instar larvae of eastern armyworm, Mythimna separata Walker. Through traditional stomach-poison method, fraxinellone showed the delayed and strong stomach-poison activity. Light and electron microscope observations revealed, treatment with 20 mg/mL fraxinellone, increasing damages of the larvae midgut epithelium along with time. Fraxinellone destroyed the peritrophic membrane of the midgut of larvae of M. separata. The organelles of treated larvae of M. separata changed obviously, e.g. the rough endoplasmic reticulum dilated, some of mitochondrial cristaes disappeared and got vacuolated, the wall of globet cell invaginated, the inner organelle disordered, the chromatin became concentrated, and the quantities of secondary lysosome increased. Meanwhile, fraxinellone could let microvilli rupture or incline, even partially fall off. 相似文献
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Oligodendrocyte morphology in the developing brain of the African giant rat (Cricetomys gambianus,Waterhouse): Histology,immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy 
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下载免费PDF全文 M. A. Olude S. T. Bello O. A. Mustapha F. E. Olopade J. Plendl A. O. Ihunwo J. O. Olopade 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》2018,47(3):231-238
Oligodendrocyte and myelin‐related studies have been pivotal in understanding disruption of central nervous system (CNS) myelin through injury, toxicological, pathological degeneration or genetic intervention. The African giant rat (AGR) has been postulated as an indigenous wild‐type model within the African context. This work thus describes oligodendrocyte morphologies and myelin components of the developing African giant rat brain using histological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural techniques. Five types, precursor‐progenitor oligodendrocytes, pre‐oligodendrocytes, immature oligodendrocytes, mature non‐myelinating oligodendrocytes and mature myelinating oligodendrocytes, were identified. The first four types were observed in neonates while juvenile and adult AGR had predominantly mature myelinating oligodendrocytes with evidence of myelin sheath deposition. All cell types identified showed positive CNPase‐positive immunosignalling across all age groups. This suggests CNPase as a suitable, sensitive and reliable biomarker for studying CNS neurodegenerative/demyelinating disorders in the AGR. This baseline study has given detailed insight into the morphology of oligodendrocytes and myelin in the AGR. It may be useful for anatomical studies and detection of alterations in neurocellular profile of oligodendrocytes and myelin in the AGR in real‐life or in experimental models. 相似文献
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