瘤胃微生物在木质纤维素价值化利用的研究进展   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

郑娟善  丁考仁青  李新圃  梁泽毅  张剑搏  杜梅  丁学智 《草业学报》2021,30(9):182-192

瘤胃是反刍动物消化的第一个腔室，各种微生物（细菌、真菌和原生动物）相互作用将木质纤维素植物生物降解为易于代谢的化合物。瘤胃也是目前自然界公认的木质纤维素高效降解和利用的天然反应器，其真菌和细菌可分泌多种木质纤维素降解酶，在木质纤维素生产生物燃料和化学用品方面具有潜在的价值。因此，本研究在瘤胃内木质纤维降解的微生物及其降解木质纤维素相关酶的基础上，重点综述了瘤胃微生物在木质纤维素生物转化为乙醇、生物化学（有机酸）及沼气等方面的研究进展，旨在为瘤胃微生物和瘤胃酶在木质纤维素价值化利用方面的研究和应用提供新的方法和思路。  相似文献   

A releaser pheromone that attracts methyltestosterone- treated immature fish in the urine of ovulated female rainbow trout     

Hidenobu Yambe  Fumio Yamazaki 《Fisheries Science》2001,67(2):214-220

SUMMARY: Behavioral experiments concerning a releaser pheromone in the urine of female rainbow trout were performed using immature fish administered orally with 17α-methyltestosterone (MT) during the non-spawning season. The urine was collected by catheter. The frequency of entries of test fish was recorded in each channel scented by test and control solutions in a Y-maze trough. The behavior of both MT-treated and control fish demonstrated that they could not discriminate the differences between distilled and environmental water as control solutions. There was also no difference between MT-treated and control fish when distilled and environmental water were introduced. The MT-treated immature fish were attracted to the channel scented by ovulated female urine. Neither coelomic fluid nor the immature female urine had any effect on the behavioral responses of MT-treated fish, while immature control fish had no preference for the urine of ovulated females. These results suggest in rainbow trout that ovulated female urine contains a releaser pheromone to attract mature males, and that androgens are involved in the sensory mechanisms detecting the releaser pheromone in fish.  相似文献   

柞蚕肠液理化性质与饲料效率的相关性研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

孟宪民  姜德富 《蚕业科学》2001,27(1):80-82

对柞蚕肠液的理化性质与饲料效率的相关性进行研究的结果表明 :柞蚕肠液对促进蚕体抗病与消化吸收功能有着重要作用 ,平均每头蚕有肠液 1 76mL ,品种间开差为 0 78mL ,相对开差 5 7 80 % ,肠液量越多 ,饲料效率越高 ;柞蚕不同品种肠液pH平均值未发现明显差异 ,但强健好养饲料效率高的品种个体间开差小 ;柞蚕肠液缓冲力除与品种强健性有关外 ,还与品种的饲料效率呈正相关 ,在强健丰产与高饲料效率品种中 ,肠液恢复pH原值所需时间越短 ,饲料效率越高 ,电刺法取出肠液后 ,肠液恢复缓冲力所需时间是恢复其pH原值时间的 1 8倍多 ,同恢复肠液pH原值所需时间长短与品种强健性和饲料效率的关系完全一致。  相似文献   

莫能菌素浓度对混合瘤胃微生物体外发酵的影响   总被引：10，自引：1，他引：9  

王中华  林雪彦  李富昌  谢幼梅  万仁忠  高秀华 《动物营养学报》2002,14(4):59-62

本试验研究了莫能菌素对混合瘤胃微生物体外发酵的影响 ,以期确定莫能菌素在瘤胃内容物中的适宜添加浓度。混合瘤胃微生物由饲喂花生秧基础日粮的阉公牛瘤胃内容物和瘤胃液制备 ,用简易人工瘤胃装置测定莫能菌素浓度对产气量、瘤胃乙丙酸比例、粗纤维降解率和真蛋白产量的影响。结果表明 ,莫能菌素浓度强烈地抑制产气量 ,两者呈线性负相关(P<0.05);粗纤维降解率开始时随莫能菌素浓度的升高而增加 ,在浓度为0.078mg/L时达到最大值 ,两者呈二次幂函数关系 ;添加莫能菌素降低了瘤胃乙丙酸比例 ,但瘤胃乙丙酸比例随莫能菌素浓度的提高有逐渐增加的趋势 ;在莫能菌素浓度为0.1～2.0mg/L的范围内 ,添加莫能菌素对蛋白质的产量没有明显影响  相似文献   

Monitoring acute fluid shifts with bioelectrical impedance analysis: a review     

David J. Bordelon  DVMWayne E. Wingfield  MS  DVM  DACVECC  DACVS 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2002,12(3):153-161

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Effect of ruminal dosing of mechanical stimulating brush on rumination time, ruminal passage rate and rumen fermentation status in Holstein steers fed a concentrate diet     

Ken-ichi HORIGUCHI  Toshiyoshi TAKAHASHI 《Animal Science Journal》2002,73(1):41-46

This experiment was conducted to determine the effect of ruminal dosing of a mechanical stimulating brush on rumination time, ruminal passage rate and rumen fermentation status in steers fed a concentrate diet at maintenance level. Animals were dosed three Rumen Faibu (RF) per head through the rumen fistulae (RF treatment) and not dosed (control) in a change‐over design. The organic cell wall content of the concentrate diet was 12.7% of dry matter. Daily time spent on rumination was very short in both treatments with 24 min in RF treatment and 15 min in control. The turnover rate of ruminal fluid in RF treatment was higher than that in control. There were no differences in ruminal pH and total volatile fatty acid concentration between RF treatment and control. Acetic and butyric acid concentrations were not different between the treatments. Propionic acid concentration tended to be higher in the animals on RF treatment than in control animals. The RF dosing in Holstein steers fed a low fiber diet did not affect the rumination time, but increased rumen digesta passage rate and ruminal propionic acid production.  相似文献   

乳牛瘤胃挥发性脂肪酸的气相色谱分析     

赵文报  钟诚  唐廷崇 《广西农业生物科学》1992,(1)

本文介绍了一种准确、可靠、简便、快速的乳牛瘤胃挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)的气相色谱分析方法。瘤胃液只经过一步前处理即可进样分析,从样品预处理到给出测定结果仅需15min,主要VFA的回收率可达97.86％～99.51％之间,变异系数在0.23％～1.19％之间。  相似文献   

犊牛传统培育法改进试验     

嘎尔迪  敖日格勒  乔秀英  高克勤  李仁枝  李孝 《内蒙古农业大学学报(自然科学版)》1989,(2)

用剩余初乳代替全乳培育犊牛是近年来奶牛业中的新课题之一。本文通过1986—1987年的犊牛饲养试验,对犊牛的饲料采食量、生长发育、成活率及经济效益等方面进行了比较系统的研究。研究结果表明,用发酵初乳培育的犊牛与用常乳培育的犊牛相比:(1)耗奶少培育成本低,每头犊牛节约鲜奶415公斤,节省饲料费233.15元。(2)生长发育良好,尤其早期补喂犊牛料,促进了瘤胃的提早发育。(3)抵抗力强、发病率低,成活率高。(4)经济社会效益显著。  相似文献   

肽在瘤胃内的代谢和利用     

程起方  李德发  李胜利  代建国  刘玉兰 《四川畜牧兽医》2003,30(Z1):53-56

微生物蛋白降解作用形成的多肽经过一系列肽酶最终转化为氨基酸,其速度取决于多肽的化学组成和N端结构.大多数情况下,瘤胃肽在栖瘤胃拟杆菌分泌的二肽基肽酶作用下,从多肽N未端释放二肽而不是游离氨基酸.通过抑制栖瘤胃拟杆菌的二肽基肽酶活性或该菌对肽吸收率可以减慢混合瘤胃群落对肽的水解速率.肽和氨基酸刺激瘤胃微生物的生长,并且对许多种菌的最佳生长是必需的.纤维分解菌是个例外.当然,细菌蛋白质合成时利用氨与肽和氨基酸的比例也取决于它们的浓度.  相似文献   

葡萄子油及原花青素研究与开发利用   总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14  

王辉宪  姜晖霞  王仁才  欧阳建文  熊兴耀 《果树学报》2005,22(5):542-547

综述了葡萄子油、葡萄子原花青素等天然产物的提取与保健作用的研究进展,原花青素的生物活性及药理研究的现状,葡萄子油成分分析方法和葡萄子,提取物中原花青素含量测定的方法;介绍了用超临界CO2萃取法制取高质量的葡萄子油和应用夹带剂提取葡萄子中的原花青素的方法。分析了葡萄子的综合开发的应用前景。  相似文献