果寡糖对猪粪便细菌群作用下L-色氨酸代谢的影响   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

夏枚生  胡彩虹  许梓荣 《中国畜牧杂志》2004,40(1):11-13

本试验研究了果寡糖对猪粪便细菌群作用下L -色氨酸代谢的影响。将 10 % (W/V)粪水厌氧分装于无菌瓶中 ,分成 4组 :1组 (对照 )添加 2 5 0 μmol/LL -色氨酸 ;2～ 4组 :分别在对照组的基础上添加 0 .5 % ,1.0 %和 1.5 %果寡糖。 38℃、厌氧培养。在培养期的不同时间点 (0 ,2 ,4 ,6 ,8,12 ,18,2 4h)分别从各瓶中取 1mL培养液 ,分析各培养液中吲哚类物质含量。培养 2 4h后 ,分析各培养液中细菌学指标和pH。结果表明 :含L -色氨酸的体外培养液中添加 0 .5 % ,1.0 %和 1.5 %果寡糖 ,培养 2 4h后 ,使粪臭素浓度、吲哚 - 3-乙酸峰值和pH值均显著降低。添加1.0 %和 1.5 %果寡糖显著降低色氨酸降解率和粪臭素相对产率 ,显著提高吲哚相对产率 ,显著降低梭菌和大肠杆菌数 ,显著增加双歧杆菌和总厌氧菌数。  相似文献   

日粮色氨酸水平对肉仔鸡血浆色氨酸浓度和日增重的影响     

刘丽梅  孙文志 《东北农业大学学报》1996,27(1):54-57

在基础日粮基础上，研究了色氨酸（Ｔｒｙｐｔｏｐｈａｎ，Ｔｒｐ）不同添加水平对７～８周龄ＡＡ公肉仔鸡血浆Ｔｒｐ浓度和平均日增重的影响．结果表明，在一定范围内，血浆游离Ｔｒｐ浓度和平均日增重均与日粮Ｔｒｐ水平至二次抛物线关系，其中血浆Ｔｒｐ浓度与日粮Ｔｒｐ水平是显著相关（Ｐ＞０．０５），而平均日增重不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５）。根据实验结果推荐，当日粮粗蛋白为１８．７７％时，７～８周龄公肉仔鸡日粮Ｔｒｐ的适宜水平为０．１６％。  相似文献   

Marker‐assisted introgression of rare allele of β‐carotene hydroxylase (crtRB1) gene into elite quality protein maize inbred for combining high lysine,tryptophan and provitamin A in maize     

Rajat Goswami  Rajkumar Uttamrao Zunjare  Suphiya Khan  Aanchal Baveja  Vignesh Muthusamy  Firoz Hossain 《Plant Breeding》2019,138(2):174-183

Vitamin A deficiency in humans is a widespread health problem. Quality protein maize (QPM) is a popular food rich in lysine and tryptophan, but poor in provitamin A (proA). Here, we report the improvement of an elite QPM inbred, HKI1128Q for proA using marker‐assisted introgression of crtRB1‐favourable allele. HKI1128 was one of the parental lines of three popular hybrids in India and was converted to QPM in our earlier programme. Severe segregation distortion for crtRB1 was observed in BC₁F₁, BC₂F₁ and BC₂F₂. Background selection by 100 SSRs revealed mean recovery of 91.07% recurrent parent genome varying from 88.78% to 93.88%. Across years, introgressed progenies possessed higher mean β‐carotene (BC: 9.22 µg/g), β‐cryptoxanthin (BCX: 3.05 µg/g) and provitamin A (proA: 10.75 µg/g) compared to HKI1128Q (BC: 2.26 µg/g, BCX: 2.26 µg/g and proA: 3.38 µg/g). High concentration of essential amino acids, viz. lysine (mean: 0.303%) and tryptophan (0.080%) in endosperm, was also retained. Multi‐year evaluation showed that introgressed progenies possessed similar grain yield (1,759–1,879 kg/ha) with HKI1128Q (1,778 kg/ha). Introgressed progenies with higher lysine, tryptophan and proA hold immense potential as donors and parents in developing biofortified hybrids.  相似文献   

Agronomic Practices Influence Maize Grain Quality     

《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(1-2):75-91

Abstract

Maize grain yields have increased dramatically over the past fifty years, and concurrently end-uses have proliferated requiring special quality characteristics. Plant breeders have developed many specialty types of maize, all of which are influenced by the agronomic practices used to produce the crop. Grain yield increases have resulted in lower protein concentration except when the yield increase resulted from nitrogen fertilizer application. Irrigation improves the biological value of protein, while higher nitrogen application rates alter the amino acid balance thereby reducing the nutritional value. Kernel breakage susceptibility and kernel density increase with higher nitrogen fertilizer application rates, and are reduced by irrigation. Extractable starch and oil concentration are largely influenced by hybrid choice, but small production practice effects have been documented. Essential mineral nutrient levels are often influenced by soil or foliar fertilizer application. The production of aflatoxin can be reduced by irrigation or other strategies to avoid water stress during grain fill. Although genetics usually exerts the largest effect on maize grain quality, agronomic practices are also important.  相似文献   

色氨酸对哺乳动物母-胎界面的免疫调节作用及其机制     

阮征  印遇龙  伍国耀 《动物营养学报》2014,26(10)

近年来,一些研究发现氨基酸对提高母猪繁殖能力具有重要的作用.少量的体内和体外试验研究表明,色氨酸及其代谢物能够提高母猪繁殖能力,降低流产率.本文综述了色氨酸及其犬尿氨酸代谢对哺乳动物(主要是猪和鼠)母-胎界面免疫调节(或免疫耐受)的影响,以及色氨酸及其代谢物(如犬尿氨酸和3-羟基犬尿氨酸)对哺乳动物母-胎界面蜕膜自然杀伤(dNK)细胞、调节性T细胞(Treg)和17型辅助性T细胞(Th17)的调控作用以及可能的作用机制.  相似文献   

Plasma serotonin,tryptophan, hematological,and functional responses to horse trekking     

《Journal of Veterinary Behavior: Clinical Applications and Research》2014,9(5):248-253

Horse trekking is a noncompetitive physical activity conducted as a recreation and leisure experience, but so far potential effects on physiological changes in horses have not been investigated. The aim of the present research was to study whether trekking would affect plasma serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine [5-HT]) concentrations in platelet poor plasma samples, together with its precursor tryptophan, and other hematological and functional variables. The study was carried out on 28 clinically healthy horses, habitually used for trekking, of which 18 participated in a 2-day trekking event, and 10 were used as the control group. The results obtained showed a significant effect of exercise on the serotonin, red blood cell, white blood cell, platelet, hematocrit, hemoglobin, heart rate, respiratory rate, and rectal temperature changes. These effects are probably related to a combination of submaximal exercise and some degree of dehydration. Prolonged and aerobic exercise, like that involved in trekking, could affect both the release of 5-HT from the stores in the blood stream as well as hematological and functional adaptations in response to physical effort. Moreover, results confirm a physiological influence of 5-HT in the regulation of the vascular system, induced by exercise. The present findings imply that assessment of plasma 5-HT as well as hematological and functional variables may be proposed as an additional tool to evaluate the physiological adjustment in response to physical activity in trained horses that may influence their performance.  相似文献   

L-色氨酸对喜树愈伤组织中喜树碱合成的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

顾青  宋达峰 《浙江农业学报》2007,19(3):169-173

喜树碱是一种从天然植物喜树中分离的抗癌活性物质,通过细胞培养合成喜树碱是喜树碱生产的一条重要途径。本试验利用喜树的顶芽、叶片、茎段为外植体,在B5培养基上(附加1.0 mg/l的NAA,0.5 mg/l的2,4-D和0.5 mg/l的KT)诱导喜树愈伤组织。同时考察L-色氨酸对喜树愈伤细胞培养中喜树碱积累的影响,结果表明,在B5培养基中添加0.001-0.002 mg/ml的L-色氨酸,对喜树愈伤细胞的生长没有明显影响,但是对喜树愈伤细胞合成喜树碱的促进作用明显,喜树碱含量比未添加L-色氨酸培养的愈伤增加了3倍。  相似文献   

Lysine, Methionine and Tryptophan Requirements of Beijing Ducklings of O-2 Weeks of Age     

WANG Yong-sheng  HOU Shui-sheng  HUANG Wei  ZHAO Ling  FAN Hong-ping  XIE Ming 《中国农业科学(英文版)》2006,5(3)

A feed trial was conducted with a total of 1 134 Beijing ducklings to study the optimum level of dietary lysine (Lys) (0.95,1.10, 1.25%), methionine (Met) (0.26, 0.46, 0.66%) and tryptophan (Trp) (0.20, 0.30, 0.40%) for those ducklings during aphase of 0-2 weeks. Ducklings were randomly allotted to 27 groups according to a 3 × 3 × 3 factorial arrangement and fed a basal corn-soybean-peanut meal diet containing 20.26% CP, 12.45 MJ kg-1 ME. The results from this study indicate that Lys affected body weight (P＜0.01), feed intake (0-14 d) (P＜0.01), but had no effect on feed/gain (0-14 d) (P＞0.05), uric acid concentration (P ＞ 0.05). Methionine influenced body weight (P ＜ 0.01), feed/gain (P ＜ 0.05), and feed intake (P ＜ 0.01). Tryphtophan had no effect on indices measured. The requirement of the Lys and Met for Beijing ducklings of 0-2 weeks of age were 1.10 and 0.46%. The requirement of Trp for Beijing ducklings of 0-2 weeks of age was not more than 0.20%.  相似文献   

The Effect of Tryptophan on Serotonin-Like Neurons in Duck Cerebellum     

LIU Hua-zhen TANG Wen-hua PENG Ke-mei CHEN Wen-qin LUO Guan-zhong WANG Yan WEI Lan 《中国农业科学(英文版)》2006,5(6):473-477

Healthy Cherry Valley ducks were used in the present study. Different doses of tryptophan were injected intraperitoneally to them after being fasted 4 h （8：00 a.m.-12：00 a.m.）. One hour later, they were deeply anaesthetized and perfused. The cerebellum was removed to make serial paraffin longitudinal sections. The streptavidin-biotin-peroxidase complex （SABC） method was used to study the distribution of serotonin-like neurons in the cerebellum. All films were analysed by using a computer-assisted image analysis system. Serotonin-like neurons are only localized in cerebellar Purkinje cell layer. The optical density averages of serotonin-like neurons in 200 and 100 mg kg^-1 group are significantly higher than that of 0 mg kg^-1 group （P〈0.01）. These results show that serotonin-like neurons are distributed in Purkinje cell layer and that excessive tryptophan can affect the content of serotonin in cerebellum.  相似文献   

12～17周龄金定蛋鸭色氨酸适宜需要量的研究     

张括  王安  刘洋景 《饲料工业》2011,32(20)

通过试验研究色氨酸对12～17周龄金定蛋鸭的免疫指标和性成熟指标的影响,最终确定后备蛋鸭色氨酸的需要量。选择12周龄健康的金定蛋鸭180只,随机分成5组,每组6个重复,每个重复6只。处理Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组饲喂色氨酸水平分别为0.199%、0.22%0、.24%、0.26%、0.30%。采用二次曲线方程确定后备蛋鸭的色氨酸适宜水平。结果表明:①0.252%～0.269%的色氨酸能显著提高试鸭血清白细胞介素(IL-2)和免疫球蛋白G(IgG)含量(P<0.05),显著降低血清皮质醇(Cort)和免疫球蛋白M(IgM)的含量(P<0.05)。0.252%～0.255%的色氨酸能显著提高试鸭的胸腺指数、法氏囊指数和脾指数(P<0.05)。②0.242%～0.260%的色氨酸对试鸭促卵泡激素(FSH)和雌二醇(E2)分泌影响不显著(P>0.05),对血清中促黄体生成素(LH)和孕酮(P4)影响显著(P<0.05)。0.247%～0.250%的色氨酸能促进试鸭生殖器官的发育,但不显著(P>0.05)。试验结果提示:以免疫指标及性成熟为评价指标1,2～17周龄金定蛋鸭的适宜色氨酸水平为0.242%～0.269%。  相似文献