基于叶绿体基因组探讨地黄属及其近缘类群的系统发育关系     

肖建加  王雪芹  李超琼  刘红占  陈粉 《分子植物育种》2020,(8):2527-2533

利用叶绿体基因组序列对地黄属及其近缘类群的系统发育关系进行研究。基于GenBank公共数据库,下载地黄属及相关类群的叶绿体全基因组序列52条(50个物种),包括广义玄参科物种23种、近缘类群17种和外类群8种(木犀科和苦苣苔科),分别采用最大似然法及贝叶斯推断进行系统发育分析。结果表明,叶绿体全基因组数据能够显著提高系统发育分析的支持率;广义玄参科不是一个单系;除外类群外,我们共得到5个分支,分别为列当科、泡桐属、肉果草属、玄参属、车前科。地黄属形成一个单系,为列当科其它属的基部类群。列当科内物种间叶绿体基因组大小及所包含的基因数目均差异显著。本研究结果支持APG系统对相关科属的处理,包括将婆婆纳属、腹水草属、毛地黄属从广义玄参科移出至车前科;火焰草属、钟萼草属、马先蒿属、地黄属移出至列当科;泡桐属独立为泡桐科。  相似文献   

芝麻黄化突变体YL1的叶片解剖学及光合特性   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘红艳  周芳  李俊  杨敏敏  周婷  郝国存  赵应忠 《作物学报》2017,43(12):1856-1863

表型性状标记在作物遗传育种中具有重要的应用价值。在芝麻地方种质"庙前芝麻"中发现了能够稳定遗传的黄化突变体YL1,对该突变体的叶片解剖特征、光合特性及农艺性状的比较分析表明,突变体YL1黄化心叶和平展叶在各个发育时期的叶绿体结构均与同时期野生型存在明显差异,下表皮气孔保卫细胞数是正常叶的2倍左右。YL1的叶绿素a、总叶绿素、类胡萝卜素含量均只有同时期正常含量的30%~40%,叶绿素b含量只有正常叶的20%;光合速率在初花期及以前均显著低于同期正常叶,但到终花期与正常叶相当;YL1的生育期和初花期显著推迟,株高和单株蒴果数明显降低,每蒴粒数和千粒重略微降低。显微观察表明,YL1的叶绿体形态结构发育不规则,基粒和基粒片层数目明显少于野生型,使得叶绿素含量过低,属于叶绿体发育异常导致的叶绿素缺少型突变体。  相似文献   

不同发育时期板栗叶肉细胞中叶绿体淀粉和质体小球的变化     

刘林  李明泽  王怀中  刘铁梅  李芸  韩世明  李春奇 《果树学报》2010,(1)

对板栗在春季折叠的幼叶和平展生长的幼叶、夏季成熟叶和秋季老叶的叶肉细胞中的叶绿体做了透射电镜观察,结果表明,春季折叠的幼叶的叶绿体中不含淀粉和质体小球,平展生长的幼叶含淀粉粒没有质体小球;夏季成熟叶的叶绿体中淀粉最多并出现极少量质体小球;秋季衰老叶的叶绿体中淀粉粒减少直至消失,质体小球数量激增;有的质体小球在叶绿体内被一层膜包围并降解。根据染色特点,可将质体小球分为黑色和灰色2类。淀粉减少及质体小球增多与叶绿体功能衰退相关。  相似文献   

Studies of clomazone mode of action     

Yurdagul Ferhatoglu  Michael Barrett 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》2006,85(1):7-14

Intact spinach chloroplasts were used to determine if clomazone, 5-OH clomazone, and/or 5-keto clomazone inhibited the chloroplastic isoprenoid pathway. When isopentenyl pyrophosphate was used as a precursor, neither clomazone nor the clomazone metabolites (5-OH clomazone and 5-keto clomazone) inhibited the formation of products separated by HPLC in the organic phase. However, when pyruvate, a substrate for the first committed step of the pathway, was used as a precursor, both 5-keto clomazone and fosmidomycin reduced the formation of a non-polar product and increased the formation of a polar product in the organic phase. Only 5-keto clomazone, not 5-OH clomazone or clomazone, inhibited the formation of an additional product other than fosmidomycin in the aqueous phase from pyruvate incorporation. In an in vitro assay, 5-keto clomazone inhibited DXP synthase, the enzyme catalyzing the first committed step of the chloroplastic isoprenoid pathway. Therefore, our studies show that neither clomazone nor 5-OH clomazone inhibits the chloroplastic isoprenoid pathway, only 5-keto clomazone does.  相似文献   

Identification and evaluation of chloroplast uni- and trinucleotide sequence repeats in citrus     

Ziniu Deng  Stefano La Malfa  Yuming Xie  Xingyao Xiong  Alessandra Gentile 《Scientia Horticulturae》2007

A cpDNA fragment of 34 genotypes belonging to Citrus and four related genera was amplified and sequenced. Chloroplast microsatellites were revealed with the length of repeats ranging from 25 to 44 bases. Other than the normal uninucleotide poly(A) repeats, a trinucleotide poly(TAA) motif was also found, the first report of such repeats in a plant chloroplast genome. According to SSR structure variations, 18 Chloroplast SSR Types (CST) were identified. The CST sequences were informative for better understanding the genetic relationships of chloroplast genomes among the analyzed genotypes and confirmed some previous hypotheses about the female parent of several hybrid accessions.  相似文献   

玉米温光敏雄性不育系9417叶片叶绿体蛋白质差异分析     

王帅  韩红江  田琴  李维平 《西北农业学报》2012,21(12):57-60

对玉米温光敏感雄性不育-可育 “两用系”9417的不育型和可育型叶片中的叶绿体蛋白质组进行研究，试图找出不育型与可育型的差异蛋白,确定导致不育的蛋白。利用SDS PAGE凝胶电泳，对玉米雄性不育 可育“两用系”不育型与可育型8叶期功能叶叶绿体蛋白质组中的差异蛋白进行分析。结果表明，不育型与可育型存在3条蛋白差异条带，其中No.1条带为不育型中新出现的蛋白质条带，而其余两条条带只在表达丰度上有差别。利用MALDI TOF MS方法，运用MASCOT软件于NCBI数据库中进行数据查询，结果显示No.1条带中含有3种蛋白质，而这3种差异蛋白的出现可能与玉米不育性有关。  相似文献   

Wood identification of JapaneseCyclobalanopsis species (Fagaceae) based on DNA polymorphism of the intergenic spacer betweentrnT andtrnL 5′ exon     

Motonari Ohyama  Kei'ichi Baba  Takao Itoh 《Journal of Wood Science》2001,47(2):81-86

DNA was extracted from wood samples of six representativeCyclobalanopsis species (Fagaceae) growing in Japan that cannot be distinguished from one another by conventional microscopy. A part of the intergenic spacer region betweentrnT andtrnT 5 exon was amplified and sequenced. The sequences obtained from wood samples were grouped into three DNA types by a single nucleotide polymorphism as reported previously in leaf samples: I (Quercus acuta, Q. sessilifolia, Q. salicina), II (Q. myrsinaefolia, Q. glauca), and III (Q. gilva). Thus,Q. gilva can be distinguished from the otherQuercus species, and the others are separated in two subgroups based on DNA polymorphism. The present findings support the possibility of wood identification based on DNA polymorphism.  相似文献   

钼胁迫对烟草光合荧光参数和叶绿体超微结构的影响   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

武丽  李章海  叶文玲  黄义德 《农业机械学报》2014,45(8):262-268

为探明烟草响应钼胁迫光合生理机制,研究了缺钼胁迫对烟草光合气体交换、叶绿素荧光参数和叶绿体超微结构的影响。结果表明:缺钼培养10 d后,烟苗光合色素含量和净光合速率较对照有所降低,胞间二氧化碳浓度、气孔导度和蒸腾速率提高,光系统初始荧光和非光化学猝灭系数提高,光合电子传递速率和最大光化学效率降低,但差异均不显著;烟苗的叶绿体基类片层和基质片层排列松散,淀粉粒数量少。培养20 d时,缺钼和对照烟苗的多数指标差异显著。培养30 d时,除蒸腾速率外,缺钼和对照烟苗的其它指标差异均显著,叶绿体片层结构受损严重,淀粉粒发育差。缺钼胁迫损伤了叶绿体超微结构,抑制了原初光能转化效率,降低了光合能力。且随胁迫时间延长,缺素表现明显。  相似文献   

豇豆叶绿体微卫星标记的开发及其在近缘种的通用性研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

潘磊  李依  郭瑞 《长江蔬菜》2014,(6):9-15

从公共数据库中下载豇豆叶绿体基因组,对其进行全序列分析,揭示豇豆cpSSR的分布特点和基序特征,进一步研究豇豆cpSSR在豆类植物中的通用性。研究结果表明,豇豆叶绿体基因组上共有52个微卫星,主要分布于LSC区,且以A/T为单碱基重复基序的微卫星为主;从豇豆的52个叶绿体微卫星中筛选出8对多态性豇豆cpSSR引物,在豌豆、利马豆和菜豆中均成功扩增,表明这些豇豆cpSSR引物在其豆类近缘种中具有较好的通用性。  相似文献   

Identification of Gsr1 in Arabidopsis thaliana: A locus inferred to regulate gene expression in response to exogenous glutamine     

R. Meyer  J. Yuan  J. Afzal  M. J. Iqbal  Mengxia Zhu  G. Garvey  David A. Lightfoot 《Euphytica》2006,151(3):291-302

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