椰心叶甲发育的起点温度和有效积温   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

钟义海  伍筱影  刘奎  赵志英  彭正强  吴坤宏 《热带作物学报》2004,25(2):47-49

通过室内饲养观察，测定了不同温度下椰心叶甲不同虫态发育的起点温度、有效积温及存活率。结果表明，椰心叶甲世代发育起点温度为11．08℃，有效积温为966．22℃，在海南省儋州市1a发生的理论代数为4～5代。持续过高温度，如32℃不适宜椰心叶甲的生长。  相似文献   

椰子组培研究四十年     

穆治华  李志瑛  刘蕊  范海阔 《热带作物学报》2020,41(11):2335-2345

组织培养对于椰子快速繁殖以及全球椰子产业发展具有重要意义。本文就40年来国内外在椰子组培快繁技术,包括椰子组培技术的重要性,不同外植体如胚芽、花序、子房等在组织培养中的应用与优劣,不同培养基和培育环境对组培效果的影响等要素,进行了详细的总结和讨论。同时总结了椰子组培快繁技术的进展,分析了目前限制椰子组培快繁技术发展的因素,提出了应对策略与具体建议。本文对椰子快繁技术及椰子种质资源保存具有参考价值。  相似文献   

中国椰子寒害及其对策研究     

唐龙祥  牛聪  杨伟波 《热带作物学报》2011,31(10):92-94

椰子是一种典型的热带作物，受低温天气影响椰树会出现严重的落裂果、叶片变黄甚至整株枯死的现象；大灾之后，各地采取了一系列抗灾救灾措施，并取得了明显成效。本文对受2008年初椰树寒害的区域性、品种耐寒性进行回顾，对3年来的抗寒救灾措施进行全面总结，并对今后中国椰子生产发展提出可行性建议。  相似文献   

Hybridization and in vitro culture of an orchid hybrid Ascocenda ‘Kangla’     

Rajkumar Kishor  P.S. Sha Valli Khan  G.J. Sharma 《Scientia Horticulturae》2006

The present study focuses on hybridization program involving two species belonging to two different vandaceous genera, viz., Ascocentrum ampullaceum (Roxb.) Schltr. var. auranticum, a narrow endemic orchid of Manipur and Vanda coerulea Griff., an endangered orchid of Appendix I of CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora), to synthesize the primary hybrid genus with intermediate and improved characters in the F₁ generation. Observations on the crossability in the present bigeneric cross between V. coerulea and A. auranticum had been achieved with 60% success when V. coerulea was taken as female parent. Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium at half-strength was effective for the development of the hybrid seedlings of V. coerulea × A. auranticum followed by Vacin and Went (VW) and Knudson C (KC) media. The best response of seedling growth was observed on MS medium at half-strength supplemented with 2.3 μM kinetin + 0.5 μM α-naphthalene acetic acid with maximum shoot height (2.7 cm), leaf number (4.6) and root number (4.1) after 150 days of inoculation. The survival percentage and growth performance of the seedlings were found to be higher (80% survival) in potting substrate consisting of brick:charcoal in the ratio 2:1 mulched with moss (Sphagnum sp.) than in potting substrate consisting of brick:charcoal:tree fern in the ratio 2:1:1. The first flowering was observed in the hybrid seedlings of V. coerulea × A. auranticum after 2 years of transfer to the ex vitro environment. Morphologically, the flowers differed from that of the parents clearly showing the success of the hybridization experiment. Registration of the hybrid has been made with the Royal Horticultural Society with the nomenclature Ascocenda ‘Kangla’ (No. T128725).  相似文献   

椰浆添加量对发酵椰子酸乳品质的影响     

李伟 《乳业科学与技术》2022,45(6):12-17

椰浆中含有大量的脂肪,高脂肪含量椰浆的添加对发酵后产品的质构、风味和稳定性产生较大影响。以发酵速率、质构特性、流变学特性和产品货架期稳定性为分析指标,研究不同椰浆添加量（20%～60%）对椰子酸乳品质的影响。结果表明：添加40%以上的椰浆进行发酵,发酵速率较快;离心实验和Lumisizer稳定性分析表明,添加40%以上椰浆的椰子酸乳稳定性好,无明显析水和沉淀,稳定性较高;椰子酸乳质构和口感方面,椰浆添加量为40%～50%时,产品软硬度适中,糊口感较弱,顺滑感强,搅拌后产品变稀,便于饮用。因此,椰浆添加量40%～50%（含脂肪12%～15%）的椰子酸乳品质较佳。  相似文献   

木质原料热解及活性炭结构的研究   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

戴伟娣  陶渊博  张燕萍  蒋剑春 《林产化学与工业》2004,24(3):61-64

以椰壳为代表原料进行热解研究，用热重分析法分析了椰壳热分解的机理。与一般木质原料一样，椰壳也是由半纤维素、纤维素和木质素构成，椰壳中的半纤维素的分解温度在200～260℃，纤维素的分解温度在260～295℃，木质素的分解温度在295～320℃。本研究还探讨了椰壳炭的孔结构参数，炭化温度425～720℃，其微孔容积为0．124～O．222mL／g，并用扫描电子显微镜观察了椰壳炭的表面形貌，椰壳在热分解时，细胞壁分解形成了微米级的大孔，并保留了椰壳的纤维状结构。采用离子发射光谱，分析了椰壳炭的微量元素组成，主要有铝、钡、铁、镁、钙、硅等。  相似文献   

The forest garden system of Saparua island Central Maluku, Indonesia, and its role in maintaining tree species diversity     

M. Kaya  L. Kammesheidt  H.-J. Weidelt 《Agroforestry Systems》2002,54(3):225-234

The dusuns of Central Maluku which improve fallows by planting spice trees such as clove (Syzygium aromaticum syn. Eugenia aromatica), nutmeg (Myristica fragrans), or coconut (Cocos nucifera) and tending spontaneous regeneration, are an example of a species-rich forest garden system in the eastern hemisphere of the Indonesian archipelago. In this paper we report the influence of site conditions, as slope inclination, soil type, and soil depth, on species composition, tree species diversity, and stand structure in old dusuns in four villages on Saparua, a small island south of Seram. In addition, we compared the floristic composition and stand structure of old dusuns with those of primary forest and advanced fallow vegetation (∼15-yr old). Soil conditions, particularly the depth of the mineral soil layer, and the relief have a major influence on species selection in dusuns. The most common species in old dusuns were absent both in primary forest and forest fallow. Floristic similarity between old dusuns and the unmanaged stands was low. However, in two study villages species richness of old dusuns was similar to that of the primary forest. Old dusuns showed an open structure with an average reduction of basal area by about half compared to the primary forest. Less than half of all individuals found above 10 cm DBH in old dusuns were planted. Only very few species were exclusively planted. Most species were both planted and emerged from spontaneous regeneration. The results indicate the important role of spontaneous regeneration in this forest garden system. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

5种化学杀虫剂防治椰心叶甲试验   总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11  

容煊雄  陈沐荣  邓湘辉  游翔 《广东林业科技》2003,19(4):49-50

对珠海市椰子树林发生的椰心叶甲，使用10％氯氰菊脂、48％乐斯本乳剂、16％虫线清乳剂、81％马拉松乳剂、90％敌百虫等5种化学杀虫剂，进行施药防治对比试验。结果显示：喷施10％氯氰菊酯乳剂0．67ml/L与48％乐斯本乳剂1ml/L的混合液、16％虫线清乳剂5ml/L，杀虫平均死亡率分别为94．2％和93．8％，降低林木受害程度的防治效果分别为76．81％和78．26％，显著高于其它药剂处理的效果。  相似文献   

发展中国椰子科技国际合作交流的探析     

许丽菁  范海阔  杨耀东  郑小蔚  董志国 《热带作物学报》2014,34(1):103-106

介绍加强椰子科技国际合作交流的背景及中国椰子科技国际合作概况,分析中国椰子产业缺乏具有国际竞争和科技含量高的椰子深加工产品,缺乏高层次椰子科技国际合作交流的人才,缺乏与国外科研机构合作开发较大的椰子产业的科研项目等我国椰子科技国际合作存在的问题,针对以上问题对中国椰子科技国际合作交流的进一步发展提出了建议。  相似文献   

不同密度椰林间作荫蔽对花生光合特性的影响     

朱里  余若云  杨伟波  刘世彪 《热带作物学报》2022,43(9):1833-1842

花生是我国重要的经济和油料作物,海南岛独特的地理条件和气候优势适合花生生长,发展椰林下间作花生有利于提高海南省花生种植面积,促进花生种植业在海南的发展。花生为喜光作物,为揭示不同光照环境对花生光合特性和产量的影响,以‘本红1号’为材料,在单作人工荫蔽和椰林间作自然荫蔽条件下,分析不同荫蔽度与花生叶片叶绿素含量、光合参数、荧光参数和间作花生产量的关系。结果表明,人工荫蔽和自然荫蔽均对花生光合作用有显著影响,2种荫蔽处理均证明荫蔽能促进花生叶片叶绿素含量的增加。在人工荫蔽条件下,随荫蔽度增加至65%,花生叶绿素含量显著上升;在自然荫蔽条件下,25%~35%荫蔽处理下花生叶片的总叶绿素含量显著大于其他荫蔽处理组。在人工荫蔽条件下,25%荫蔽度下花生的净光合速率[P_n,23.06 µmol/(m²·s)]、蒸腾速率[T_r,6.61 mmol/(m²·s)]、气孔导度[G_s,606.21 mmol/(m²·s)]最高;在自然荫蔽条件下,15%~25%荫蔽度处理（4 m×6 m椰林）的花生P_n[18.27 µmol/(m²·s)]、T_r[7.66 mmol/(m²·s)]、G_s[618.10 mmol/(m²·s)]最大。在人工荫蔽条件下,花生可变荧光和最大荧光先显著增高后显著降低,在自然荫蔽条件下无显著差异。产量结果显示,与花生单作对照相比,不同密度椰林间作荫蔽均能够显著提高花生产量。本研究证明适度荫蔽能够促进花生光合作用,4 m×6 m（15%~25%荫蔽度）为间作花生推荐的椰林种植密度,可为构建高产高效的椰园花生间作模式提供科学参考。  相似文献