间歇式双循环工厂化养殖系统构建及其养殖效果     

李华  田道贺  刘青松  段亚飞  张家松 《农业工程学报》2020,36(13):299-305

为改善工厂化循环水养殖系统水质净化效果,提高养殖密度和成活率,构建了间歇式双循环工厂化养殖系统。通过间歇运行生物膜反应器增加水力停留时间,充分降解含氮污染物;连续运行弧形筛及时去除固体颗粒物。考察了该系统的启动过程及石斑鱼高密度养殖效果。启动初期,将硝化型生物絮团与海绵填料混合培养,生物膜22 d即可挂膜成功。以30.03 kg/m~3为初始养殖密度开展石斑鱼养殖试验,经66 d养殖,石斑鱼平均质量从(273.00±12.22)增至(552.52±107.04) g,最终养殖密度达到60.78 kg/m~3,成活率为100%。养殖过程中,生物膜逐渐适应养殖环境,氨氮、亚硝酸盐氮去除率从13.33%、14.84%增至93.73%、93.50%。此外,在弧形筛进水槽增加曝气形成曝气式弧形筛,可进一步除去细小颗粒物,有效控制养殖水体浊度。  相似文献   

厌氧水解-移动床生物膜反应器处理香精调料废水的研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

钱靓  唐贤春  陈洪斌 《中国沼气》2007,25(6):14-18

我国的香精调料行业发展很快,废水的成分复杂,浓度高,必须采用多种技术联合处理。针对某食用香精调料企业的废水特点,采用化学混凝预处理、厌氧水解和好氧移动床(MBBR)组合工艺处理,生产性装置的运行效果表明,COD,BOD5,SS和NH3-N等去除效率突出,完全可以达到排放标准,TN和TP的去除效率可分别达到66.3%~69.7%和83.0%~90.2%,其中,TN是由厌氧段反硝化和MBBR同步硝化反硝化实现,TP则通过化学混凝而去除。厌氧水解和MBBR是去除有机物和生物硝化的核心,曝气生物活性炭滤池进一步保证了出水的水质。  相似文献   

Contribution of microorganisms to the biofilm nutritional quality: protein and lipid contents     

C. FERNANDES da SILVA  E. BALLESTER  J. MONSERRAT  L. GERACITANO  W. WASIELESKY JR  P.C. ABREU 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2008,14(6):507-514

The nutritional quality of biofilm, a microbial community associated to an organic matrix, was evaluated in artificial substrate (polyethylene screen) in net cages during 30 days in the Patos Lagoon estuary, Southern Brazil. During this period, samples of biofilm were collected each 5 days for analysis of chlorophyll a, microorganisms abundance, dry weight, protein and lipid contents. During the study, chlorophyll a varied from 0.38 to 2.75 μg cm^?2; dry weight between 7.16 and 17.63 mg cm^?2; protein content from 0.43 to 1.76 mg cm^?2 and lipid concentration between 1.21 and 4.23 mg cm^?2. The variation of lipid in the biofilm was closely related to the abundance of free heterotrophic bacteria (34.25–56.54 × 10⁶ cells cm^?2), filamentous cyanobacteria (7.5–15.9 × 10⁶ filaments cm^?2), flagellates (6.92–12.89 × 10⁶ cells cm^?2) and mainly nematodes (29–1,414 organisms cm^?2), while protein content varied similarly to the abundance of unicellular centric diatoms (52.10–179.81 × 10³ cells cm^?2), and nematodes. This information will allow a better management of food supply to raised aquatic organism with the utilization of natural productivity in the culture systems, with considerable decrease in production costs.  相似文献   

The influence of salmon surface mucus on the growth of Flavobacterium columnare     

Staroscik AM  Nelson DR 《Journal of fish diseases》2008,31(1):59-69

Flavobacterium columnare is the causative agent of columnaris disease. The presence of lesions on the gills, skin and fins of diseased fish suggests that F. columnare is able to utilize fish skin mucus as a substrate for growth and that exposure to this material would alter the expression of genes involved in the colonization of the outer surfaces of the fish. Growth, biofilm formation, extracellular protease production and changes in protein expression of F. columnare strain C#2 cultured in media supplemented with juvenile Atlantic salmon skin mucus were compared with the same media without mucus. C#2 was able to grow by using mucus as the sole nutrient source. Growth in mucus-containing media induced cells to grow as a biofilm and extracellular protease activity increased in mucus-containing cultures. SDS-PAGE protein profiles showed that expression of six extracellular proteins increased in mucus-containing media. These results demonstrate that salmon surface mucus promotes the growth of F. columnare and that exposure to mucus alters the growth characteristics of this bacterium with regard to protease production and biofilm formation. Further characterization of mucus-induced physiological changes will increase our understanding of the basis of virulence of this economically important fish pathogen.  相似文献   

抗菌肽CRAMP的安全性、稳定性及其在清除铜绿假单胞菌生物被膜中的作用     

李会  熊静  梅翠  王士源  周洋  李晓芬  付贵花  张阳  程鹏  何玉张  陈红伟 《畜牧兽医学报》2022,53(5):1576-1586

旨在考察鼠源抗菌肽CRAMP的安全性、稳定性及其在清除铜绿假单胞菌生物被膜中的作用。采用兔血红细胞悬液的溶血性和小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞(RAW264.7)的细胞毒性考察CRAMP的安全性;采用不同温度、蛋白酶、金属离子和酸碱梯度对CRAMP抗菌活性的影响,考察其稳定性;通过在6孔细胞培养板中构建铜绿假单胞菌(PAO1株)成熟生物被膜,以人源抗菌肽LL-37和3种抗菌药为对照,采用结晶紫染色法检测生物被膜量,平板菌落计数法对生物被膜活菌数进行计数,苯酚-硫酸法结合Folin-酚试剂法检测生物被膜胞外基质含量,激光扫描共聚焦显微镜(CLSM)观察CRAMP干预PAO1生物被膜形态学的变化。结果显示,CRAMP在所测试浓度下对兔血红细胞溶血率均<2%;在62.5~125 mg·L^-1时对 RAW264.7没有细胞毒性。温度(25~100 ℃)、两种盐离子(Na⁺、K⁺)以及pH为5~10时对CRAMP的抗菌活性没有影响;胃蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶均不同程度影响了CRAMP的抗菌活性。6孔细胞培养板中,4倍MIC 的CRAMP极显著降低了PAO1生物被膜量(减少率为76.74%,P<0.01),极显著减少了生物被膜中的活菌数量(减少了1.2个CFU·mL^-1,P<0.01),效果优于LL-37和3种抗菌药。CRAMP组的胞外基质显著低于空白对照组和LL-37组(P<0.05)。CLSM结果显示：与对照组相比较,4MIC浓度下,CRAMP组的细菌总荧光强度(PI+SYTO)显著低于空白对照组和LL-37组(P<0.05);与空白对照组相比,CRAMP组和LL-37组的死菌荧光强度/活菌荧光强度比值 (PI/SYTO)均极显著增大(P<0.01)。综上表明,CRAMP具有低溶血性、低细胞毒性,除蛋白酶作用不稳定外,具有较好的稳定性,对PAO1成熟生物被膜具有明显的清除作用,且效果优于LL-37,具有良好的药物开发前景。  相似文献   

单增李斯特菌inlK基因缺失株的构建及其生物被膜与消毒剂抗力分析     

尉小军  李巧巧  曾东东  蒋建军 《中国畜牧兽医》2022,49(5):1870-1878

【目的】 研究inlK基因对Lm90SB2菌株生物被膜形成能力的影响及其生物被膜与消毒剂抗力的关系,以期为有效防控单增李斯特菌污染提供参考。【方法】 以单增李斯特菌Lm90SB2为试验菌,根据GenBank中公布的单增李斯特菌F2365 inlK基因序列(登录号:AE017262),应用Primer Premier 5.0软件设计用于扩增inlK基因上、下游同源臂片段及验证缺失株的特异性引物,以同源重组技术构建inlK基因缺失株,并通过旁外侧引物运用PCR方法进行缺失株检测。将标准菌株Lm90SB2和构建的缺失株分别培养8、12、24、48 h后进行结晶紫染色,在倒置显微镜下观察形态变化,并用酶标仪测定生物被膜形成能力;用含3 g/L卵磷脂+3 g/L吐温80的PBS溶液和含10 g/L卵磷脂+20 g/L吐温80的PBS溶液作为新洁尔灭消毒剂的中和剂,含5 g/L硫代硫酸钠+5 g/L卵磷脂+20 g/L吐温80的PBS溶液和含10 g/L硫代硫酸钠+30 g/L卵磷脂+20 g/L吐温80的PBS溶液84消毒剂的中和剂,设消毒剂+菌悬液、消毒剂+菌悬液+中和剂、中和剂+菌悬液、消毒剂+中和剂+菌悬液、稀释液+菌悬液(阳性对照)、稀释液+中和剂+培养基(阴性对照)6个试验组,进行中和剂的筛选,并检测不同浓度新洁尔灭(1∶15、1∶30)和84消毒剂(1∶50、1∶100)分别作用1、5、10、20 min时对2株菌的灭菌率。【结果】 PCR结果表明,成功构建了缺失株Lm90SB2ΔinlK,且inlK基因的缺失导致Lm90SB2菌株生物被膜形成能力显著或极显著下降(P<0.05;P<0.01);含3 g/L卵磷脂+3 g/L吐温80的PBS溶液构成的中和剂可有效中和新洁尔灭消毒剂,5 g/L硫代硫酸钠+5 g/L卵磷脂+20 g/L吐温80的PBS溶液可有效中和84消毒剂。不同比例的新洁尔灭(1∶15、1∶30)和84消毒剂(1∶50、1∶100)消毒剂在1、5、10 min对Lm90SB2ΔinlK株的灭菌率均显著或极显著高于Lm90SB2株(P<0.05;P<0.01),且在20 min时灭菌率均为100%。【结论】 inlK基因的缺失导致Lm90SB2菌株生物被膜形成能力下降,且对消毒剂抗力减弱。  相似文献   

大肠杆菌生物被膜与耐药性的关系     

张海月  单晓枫 《中国兽药杂志》2015,49(6):62-65

生物被膜的形成是大肠杆菌引起消化道反复难治性感染的重要因素。大肠杆菌形成生物被膜后使感染易于慢性化、控制困难,具有高度耐药性的同时还能逃避免疫系统的攻击和抗菌药物的杀伤作用。生物被膜的耐药机制主要包括营养限制、渗透障碍、表型结构学说等。现就大肠杆菌生物被膜的形成、耐药机制及其防治策略等研究现状做一综述。  相似文献   

Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of canine pyoderma isolates of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius for biofilm formation     

Patrizia CASAGRANDE PROIETTI  Valentina STEFANETTI  Doreene Rose HYATT  Maria Luisa MARENZONI  Stefano CAPOMACCIO  Mauro COLETTI  Annalisa BIETTA  Maria Pia FRANCIOSINI  Fabrizio PASSAMONTI 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(8):945-951

Biofilm-forming ability is increasingly being recognized as an important virulence factor in several Staphylococcus species. This study evaluated the biofilm-forming ability of sixty canine derived clinical isolates of S. pseudintermedius, using three phenotypic methods, microtiter plate test (MtP), Congo red agar method (CRA) and tube adherence test, and the presence and impact of biofilm-associated genes (icaA and icaD). The results showed that icaA and icaD genes were detected concomitantly in 55 (91.7%) of 60 isolates. A majority (88.3%) of the strains screened had matching results by the tube adherence test, MtP and PCR analysis. Better agreement (95%) was found between the PCR-based analysis and the CRA. Results of the icaA and icaD gene PCRs showed good agreement with CRA results, with a kappa of 0.7. Comparing the phenotypic methods, the statistical analysis showed that the agreement among the phenotypical tests using categorical data was generally good. Considering two classes (biofilm producer and biofilm non-producer), the percentage of matching results between the CRA method and the tube adherence test and between the CRA method and the MtP was 93.3%. A concordance of 100% was revealed between the MtP and the tube adherence test. The results indicate a high prevalence of the ica genes within S. pseudintermedius isolates, and their presence is associated with in vitro formation of a biofilm. A combination of phenotypic and genotypic tests is recommended for investigating biofilm formation in S. pseudintermedius.  相似文献   

嗜水气单胞菌双组分系统FlrBC的功能探究     

马倩倩  周洋  张永安 《华中农业大学学报》2022,41(3):221-228

为明确双组分系统FlrBC在嗜水气单胞菌极生鞭毛合成、生物被膜形成及致病机制中的作用,通过同源重组法,以嗜水气单胞菌ZYAH72为野生菌株构建双组分系统FlrBC缺失株ΔflrB和ΔflrC,比较不同菌株鞭毛合成及游动性、生物被膜形成、胞外多糖分泌、细胞黏附以及抗全血杀伤能力差异。结果显示:与野生株相比,ΔflrB和ΔflrC仍能形成极生鞭毛,细菌游动能力无显著差异;而结晶紫染色发现ΔflrB和ΔflrC相较于野生株的生物被膜形成能力分别下降了27.2%和22.3%;刚果红检测结果显示,与野生株相比,ΔflrB和ΔflrC的胞外多糖分泌分别下降了18.4%和14.2%;实时荧光定量PCR的结果显示,flrB和flrC的缺失不同程度抑制了鞭毛合成、生物被膜相关通路基因的表达;与草鱼肾细胞共孵育后,ΔflrB和ΔflrC的细胞黏附率与野生株相比分别下降了23.2%和18.2%;全血杀伤实验结果显示,ΔflrB和ΔflrC抗全血杀伤能力均显著减弱。以上结果表明,双组分系统FlrBC不是嗜水气单胞菌极生鞭毛形成所必需,但在细菌鞭毛形成组装和生物被膜形成中发挥调控作用,并且影响嗜水气单胞菌致病性...  相似文献   

组氨酸激酶基因envZ调控禽致病性大肠埃希菌生物被膜的机制研究     

冯寒霜  薛媚  卢会奇  谷一  邵颖  宋祥军  涂健  祁克宗 《华南农业大学学报》2021,42(1):26-33

目的 研究双组分系统ompR/envZ中的组氨酸激酶基因envZ对禽致病性大肠埃希菌(Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli,APEC)生物被膜形成能力的影响,了解该双组分系统在APEC中对生物被膜的调控机制,为探索生物被膜影响禽致病性大埃希菌耐药性的途径提供参考。方法 采用Red同源重组的方法构建envZ基因缺失株,比较野生株和envZ基因缺失株生长特性、生物被膜形成能力的差异。利用转录组学方法分析envZ在转录调控网络中对其生物被膜形成相关基因的调控机制。结果 成功构建envZ基因缺失株AE17ΔenvZ;envZ基因缺失对APEC的生长速度无明显影响,但使APEC生物被膜的成膜能力减弱。与野生株AE17相比,envZ基因缺失株有711个基因发生差异表达,与生物被膜形成相关的基因显著下调。结论 envZ基因除了响应环境渗透压,还参与调控APEC生物被膜的形成。  相似文献