小球藻遗传转化技术研究进展     

曹苏珊  薛静  王倩楠  张秀海  安贤惠 《水产科学》2021,(2):294-300

小球藻( Chlorella )是一种单细胞真核藻类,属绿藻门、绿藻纲、绿球藻目、小球藻科、小球藻属 [1] 。作为最早开发的真核微藻之一,具有高营养价值、生长快速、结构简单、易工业化集成等显著优点。其细胞形态为球形或椭圆形,直径3~12 μm,呈单生或聚集成群状生长 [2] ,分布广泛,多见于淡水、咸水和土壤中。作为地球上最早的生命之一,小球藻基因比较稳定,至今未见有关其基因自发突变的报道。因其富含蛋白质、脂质、维生素、活性代谢产物等多种营养物质而被公认为具有高附加值和医疗保健作用,已经被广泛应用于保健食品 [3] 、水产养殖 [4] 、生物能源 [5] 等方面,关于小球藻生物技术的研究主要集中在基因组学 [6] 、分子遗传学 [7] 、代谢机理 [8] 、大规模培养 [9] 等方向。  相似文献   

小球藻对降低南美白对虾养殖水体中亚硝酸盐氮含量的研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

张继平  郭照良 《水产科学》2006,25(10):517-519

将虾塘水配制成含亚硝酸氮1.0 mg/L、0.5 mg/L的水体,按虾塘养殖密度放入体长(9.2±1.0)cm的南美白对虾,向每组试验水体中接入小球藻培养液,密度分别为1.0×104cells/m l、2.0×104cells/m l和3.0×104cells/m l,每组设一不接种小球藻培养液的对照组。96 h后测定水体中亚硝酸盐氮的含量。结果表明:小球藻能显著降低试验水体中亚硝酸盐氮含量;当亚硝酸盐氮质量浓度一定时,小球藻液的适宜接入密度为2.0×104cells/m l。  相似文献   

光合细菌对多刺裸腹溞培养的影响     

陆建学  盛文权  夏连军  周凯  辛俭 《海洋渔业》2007,29(3):235-239

在实验室条件下,采用静止培养法对多刺裸腹溞进行培养实验,研究在以酵母和小球藻为饵料的多刺裸腹溞培养中,添加不同浓度光合细菌对其生长繁殖的影响。结果表明:光合细菌(菌液浓度为48×108cell/ml)添加量为1 mg/L(组2)、2mg/L(组3)、64 mg/L(组8)、130 mg/L(组9)和260 mg/L(组10)时,实验组中多刺裸腹溞的生殖量与空白对照(组1)相比均无差异(P>0.05);光合细菌添加量分别为4 mg/L(组4)和8 mg/L(组5)时,实验组中多刺裸腹溞的生殖量明显多于对照组,差异较明显(P<0.05),其对多刺裸腹溞的增长具有明显的促进作用;在16 mg/L(组6)和32 mg/L(组7)时,实验组中多刺裸腹溞的生殖量达到最高峰,分别为对照组的1.54倍和1.40倍,差异十分显著(P<0.05);而当添加量过高,在520~800 mg/L(组11~组14)浓度范围内,实验组中多刺裸腹生殖量呈现急剧下降趋势,显著低于对照组(P<0.05);在本实验设计范围内,浓度等于或高于900 mg/L(组15)时,幼溞在12 d后仍没有达到性成熟,光合细菌对多刺裸腹溞的繁殖明显起抑制作用。以上结果显示,在以酵母与小球藻为饵料的多刺裸腹溞培养中,16~32 mg/L的光合细菌添加量最为适宜,该浓度范围的光合细菌对多刺裸腹溞的生长繁殖具有显著的促进效果。  相似文献   

Colouring ornamental fish (Cyprinus carpio and Carassius auratus) with microalgal biomass   总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12  

L. Gouveia  P. Rema  O. Pereira  & J. Empis 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2003,9(2):123-129

Koi carp and goldfish value increases with intensity of skin colour, which is an important quality criterion. Fish cannot fully synthesize their own carotenoid colourings and these must therefore be included in their diet. Two trials were undertaken to investigate skin colour enhancement in ornamental species (i.e. three chromatic varieties of koi carp (Cyprinus carpio), namely Kawari (red), Showa (black and red) and Bekko (black and white) and goldfish (Carassius auratus)) by feeding a dietary carotenoid supplement of freshwater microalgal biomass [Chlorella vulgaris, Haematococcus pluvialis, and also the cyanobacterium Arthrospira maxima (Spirulina)], using a diet containing synthetic astaxanthin and a control diet with no colouring added for comparison. In the first trial, five homogeneous duplicate groups of 25 juvenile koi carp (C. carpio) (initial mean body weight 24.6 ± 0.7 g) were fed, for 10 weeks, one of the four diets containing 80 mg colouring/kg diet. In the second trial, this procedure was repeated for five homogeneous duplicate groups of 25 goldfish (C. auratus) (initial mean body weight of 0.9 ± 0.1 g). Initial and final samples of skin along the dorsal fin were withdrawn, from five fish per group, for subsequent analysis of total carotenoid content (spectrophotometric analysis), and red hue (colorimetric analysis, CIE (1976) L* a* b* colour system). Growth and feed efficiency were not significantly different between groups administered by the various dietary treatments. In both trials, dietary carotenoid supplementation increased total skin carotenoid content. The more efficient colouring for koi carps was found to be C. vulgaris biomass, providing both maximum total carotenoid deposition and red hue for the three chromatic koi carp varieties studied, and particularly for the kawari variety. For goldfish the best colouring obtained, as ascertained by total carotenoid content, was also achieved using C. vulgaris biomass, and red hue was maximum when using H. pluvialis biomass.  相似文献   

小球藻固定化培养的初步研究   总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11  

杨海波  于媛  张欣华  李英敏 《水产科学》2001,20(5):4-7

用海藻酸钙作固定化载体，初步探讨了海藻酸钠浓度、CaCl2浓度、胶球密度、胶球直径等固定化条件对小球藻（Chlorella vulgaris)生长的影响。确定了优化的固定化条件为：4＃针头、2％的海藻酸钠溶液和0．15mol/L的CaCl2溶液制备固定化小球藻，在含50mL培养液的150mL三角烧瓶内放置250个小球藻胶球时，其生长速度较高，生长周期较长。与游离的小球藻相比，固定化小球藻生长速率慢，但生长周期长。实验结果为微藻固定化技术的应用和发展提供了必要的实验数据和理论基础。  相似文献   

4种单胞藻对卤虫生长和生殖影响的比较研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

赵素芬  黎建余 《福建水产》2005,(4):46-49

以亚心形扁藻、小球藻、湛江等鞭金藻、绿色巴夫藻为饵料,卤虫为投喂对象,建立五个实验组分别进行研究,观察不同饵料对卤虫生长和生殖的影响,结果表明:投喂亚心形扁藻的卤虫生长最快,成活率高,生殖量也最多,其次为绿色巴夫藻组,湛江等鞭金藻的饵料效果最差.混合4种单胞藻投喂的效果也较好.  相似文献   

用分光光度计预测小球藻藻液浓度的研究     

潘竞洋  ;赵之旭  ;吴良柏  ;张伟  ;徐俊生  ;陈玉桂  ;付志德 《安徽农业科学》2014,(25):8504-8505

[目的]为实现小球藻大面积推广生产和产业化发展提供科学、翔实的技术参数。[方法]通过721型分光光度计,对不同浓度的小球藻藻液在不同波段光照下的透光度进行测定,确定测定小球藻的最佳照射波段,得到最佳照射波段时小球藻藻液的浓度。[结果]在不同光照对不同浓度小球藻藻液透射的吸光度进行归一化处理后,得出小球藻的最佳透射波段为670 nm。同时,得出670 nm光照下吸光度与小球藻浓度的回归方程为:y=-1.479 7+0.987x,相关系数为0.991,说明相关性较好。推导了当量浓度(C)与透光度(I)的公式,C=-ln(I/I0)/(LK),式中L为光径长度(比色皿宽度),K为小球藻细胞的平均截面面积。[结论]用分光光度计间接测量小球藻的浓度是可行的。  相似文献   

Pigmentation of gilthead seabream, Sparus aurata (L. 1875), using Chlorella vulgaris (Chlorophyta, Volvocales) microalga   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

L Gouveia  G Choubert  N Pereira  J Santinha  J Empis  & E Gomes 《Aquaculture Research》2002,33(12):987-993

A feeding experiment was conducted over 9 weeks with seven groups of 30 (fish per group) unpigmented gilthead seabream, Sparus aurata (L. 1875) (initial mean weight = 145.2 ± 12.3 g). Three experimental diets were prepared by adding to a basal diet free of carotenoid (final pigment content of around 40 mg per kg feed): (i) a biomass of the carotenogenic Chlorella vulgaris (Chlorophyta, Volvocales); (ii) a synthetic astaxanthin; and (iii) a mixture (1:1) of microalgal biomass and synthetic astaxanthin. At 3‐week intervals, five fish were sampled from each tank for total carotenoids analysis in skin and muscle. The carotenoid pigments (total amount = 0.4%) identified in the carotenogenic alga were lutein (0.3%), β‐carotene (1.2%), canthaxanthin (36.2%), astaxanthin, free and esterified forms (55.0%), and other pigments (7.3%). Carotenoid pigments were significantly deposited in the four skin zones studied during the feeding trial: the forefront between the eyes, the opercule, along the dorsal fin and in the abdominal area. In the muscle, regardless of the astaxanthin source, the amount of carotenoids measured was very low (less than 1 mg kg^?1) and differences not significant. Moreover, no muscle pigmentation was evident, and there was no variation in the amount of carotenoid analysed in skin tissue, through the trial, for each treatment. It was concluded that supplementing the feed with C. vulgaris would be an acceptable practice in aquaculture to improve the market appeal of the gilthead seabream.  相似文献   

长刺对两种单细胞藻类牧食力研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

唐洪玉  周小河  姚维志 《西南大学学报(自然科学版)》2001,23(4)

用直接计数法和叶绿素a测定法评估了长刺氵蚤对不同密度的小球藻、舟形硅藻及其混合藻液的牧食力。结果表明 :当小球藻密度在 5 .2 0 0mg/L～ 12 .688mg/L(湿重 )时 ,随藻液密度降低 ,长刺氵蚤的滤水速度逐渐升高 ,摄食速度(细胞 /氵蚤·h)则逐渐降低 ,小球藻密度为 3 .4 3 2ml/L～ 5 .2 0 0ml/L(湿重 )时 ,随藻液密度降低 ,长刺氵蚤的滤水速度及摄食速度都明显降低。当舟形硅藻密度为 7.885mg/L～ 63 .3 65mg/L(湿重 )时 ,随藻液密度降低 ,长刺氵蚤的滤水速度逐渐升高 ,摄食速度逐渐降低。长刺氵蚤的摄食使浮游植物产氧量降低。在混合藻液中 ,长刺氵蚤选择性摄食舟形硅藻 ,选择指数S =0 .0 86。长刺氵蚤对舟形硅藻、小球藻为代表的中小型藻类具有较强的牧食力 ,证实了用长刺氵蚤等大型枝角类治理水体富营养化的可行性。  相似文献   

小球藻多糖的分离纯化和组成分析   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

李亚清  杨海波  刘艳  王心满 《大连水产学院学报》2006,21(3):294-296

采用冻结-融化方法,用冷水提取海水小球藻Chlorellasp.多糖,多糖经除蛋白、乙醇分级沉淀、柱层析等一系列步骤处理后,得到组分均一的小球藻多糖(简称CPSB-1)。将CPSB-1完全酸水解,用高效阴离子液相色谱对其溶液进行分析,结果表明:组成多糖CPSB-1的单糖有D-岩藻糖、D-鼠李糖、D-2-氨基葡萄糖、D-半乳糖、D-葡萄糖和几种未知的单糖;各已知糖基的摩尔比为D-岩藻糖∶D-鼠李糖∶D-2-氨基葡萄糖∶D-半乳糖∶D-葡萄糖=1.3∶1.0∶1.4∶1.2∶3.1。  相似文献