Identification and characterisation of microRNAs and Piwi-interacting RNAs in cockerels’ spermatozoa by Solexa sequencing     

S. Wu  J. Guo  L. Zhu  J. Yang  S. Chen 《British poultry science》2018,59(4):371-380

1. There has been substantial research focused on the roles of microRNAs (miRNAs) and Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) derived from mammalian spermatozoa; however, comparatively little is known about the role of spermatozoa-derived miRNAs and piRNAs within breeding cockerels’ spermatozoa.

2. A small RNA library of cockerels’ spermatozoa was constructed using Illumina high-throughput sequencing technology. Unique sequences with lengths of 18–26 nucleotides were mapped to miRBase 21.0 and unique sequences with lengths of 25–37 nucleotides were mapped to a piRNA database. A total of 1311 miRNAs and 2448 potential piRNAs were identified. Based on stem-loop qRT-PCR, 8 miRNAs were validated.

3. Potential target genes of the abundant miRNAs were predicted, and further Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes database (KEGG) and Gene Ontology (GO) analyses were performed, which revealed that some candidate miRNAs were involved in the spermatogenesis process, spermatozoa epigenetic programming and further embryonic development.

5. GO and KEGG analyses based on mapping genes of expressed piRNAs were performed, which revealed that spermatozoal piRNAs could play important regulatory roles in embryonic development of offspring.

6. The search for endogenous spermatozoa miRNAs and piRNAs will contribute to a preliminary database for functional and molecular mechanistic studies in embryonic development and spermatozoa epigenetic programming.  相似文献   

miRNA在哺乳动物配子发生中的作用研究进展     

黄晓刚  韩贝贝  李菊  张守全 《中国畜牧兽医》2022,49(2):624-630

哺乳动物配子发生的基因表达调控包括编码基因的阶段特异性表达调控及非编码基因的转录和转录后水平调控。微小RNA(microRNA, miRNA)作为一类小的非编码RNA, 通过识别靶基因非翻译区的结合位点, 导致mRNA降解或者蛋白质翻译抑制, 从而在转录后水平发挥调控作用。近年来, miRNA在哺乳动物生殖活动中的作用逐渐被揭示, 越来越多的研究表明, miRNA在哺乳动物精子发生、精子成熟、卵母细胞成熟、卵泡发育及早期胚胎发育等过程中都发挥着重要的调节作用, 其可通过调节支持细胞的增殖和凋亡或精原细胞、精母细胞及精细胞的细胞周期进程, 在精子发生的不同阶段发挥间接或直接调控作用, 也可通过调节卵母细胞、卵丘细胞以及颗粒细胞的增殖、凋亡、激素合成和细胞间作用, 对卵母细胞的发育和成熟过程进行调控。作者主要介绍了在哺乳动物配子发生过程中, miRNA的细胞和阶段特异性表达及其对靶基因的调节作用, 以期为深入研究哺乳动物配子发生的调控机制提供参考。  相似文献   

西施舌精子发生过程的超微绘结构观察   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

饶小珍 《水产学报》2002,26(2):97-104

利用透射电镜研究西施舌精子的发生和结构，揭示了从精原细胞逐渐发育为精子过程中细胞形态结构的变化和细胞器的演变规律。精细胞的分化分为6期，主要包括：核形态由扁圆到圆再到椭圆形；核染色质以颗粒状形式凝集；高尔基体分泌的前顶体颗粒聚合发育为前顶体囊，参与顶体的形成；线粒体逐渐融合与发达；中心体的移动及鞭毛的形成，胞质的逐步减小，成熟精子为原生型，由头部、中段和尾部组成。顶体圆锥状，高密度的顶体物质集中分布于基部四周，呈灯罩状；亚顶体腔呈尖锥状，内含密度较低的均匀物。细胞核近椭圆形。中段由4个椭圆形的线粒体和2个相互垂直的中心粒组成，尾部鞭毛为典型的“9 2”型结构。  相似文献   

Pubertal development of male African catfish,Clarias gariepinus. In vitro steroidogenesis by testis and interrenal tissue and plasma levels of sexual steroids     

J. E. B. Cavaco  J. G. D. Lambert  R. W. Schulz  H. J. Th. Goos 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1997,16(2):129-138

In fish, sex steroids initiate and/or accelerate the maturation of the brain-pituitary-gonad axis. In order to obtain information on the steroid milieu during the pubertal development of male African catfish, we have monitored the conversion of [³H]-pregnenolone and [³H]-androstenedione by testis and [³H]-pregnenolone by interrenal tissue fragmentsin vitro. Pubertal development occurs between two and six months of age. Testicular development proceeds through four main stages that are characterised histologically by the presence of spermatogonia (stage I), spermatogonia and spermatocytes (stage II), spermatogonia, spermatocytes and spermatids (stage III), and all germ cells including spermatozoa (stage IV). 11β-Hydroxyandrostenedione and cortisol were the main products of testes and interrenal tissue, respectively, in all stages of the pubertal development; a change in the steroidogenic pattern was not observed during this period. The interrenal tissue displayed no significant conversion of [³H]-pregnenolone to 11-oxygenated androgens. Blood plasma was analyzed for the presence of five androgens; testosterone, 11β-hydroxytestosterone, 11β-hydroxyandrostenedione, androstenetrione, and 11-ketotestosterone. 11-Ketotestosterone was the quantitatively dominating androgen in the circulation at all stages of development, which was more pronounced in stages III and IV. The obvious differences between thein vitro andin vivo results, namely 11β-hydroxyandrostenedione being the main testicular productvs. 11-ketotestosterone dominating in the blood, may indicate that 11β-hydroxyandrostenedione is converted to 11-ketotestosterone at extratesticular sites.  相似文献   

Differentiation and development of Leydig cell, and induction of spermatogenesis during testicular differentiation in the Japanese eel, Anguilla japonica     

H. Chiba  T. Miura  M. Nakamura  K. Yamauchi 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1997,16(3):187-195

The initial appearance and the development of Leydig cells (LCs), the sites of steroid hormone production in the testis, were investigated ultrastructurally during testicular differentiation in the Japanese eel, Anguilla japonica. In addition, the effects of a single injection of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG; 5 IU g body weight^-1) on histological changes of the testes and serum 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT) were examined at various stages (15–18, 20–23, 26–29, 32–35, 38–41 and 46–50 cm body length (BL)) of testicular differentiation. Testicular differentiation was morphologically characterized by the development of loose connective tissue on the medial side in animals 18–29 cm in BL. Ultrastructurally, LCs were first identified in the loose connective tissue of the testis of the 23 cm fish. In the testes of fish over 32 cm, clusters of LCs were distributed throughout the interstitial region accompanying the increase in number of spermatogonia. In fish larger than 32 cm, spermatogenesis was induced by administration of HCG; serum 11-KT levels were also raised. On the other hand, there was no effect on spermatogenesis or serum 11-KT levels in fish less than 29 cm, or in the controls. These result suggests that morphological differentiation of LCs occurs in testis of the 23 cm eel, and subsequently, the testes of eels of BL more than 32 cm acquire the capability to produce steroid hormones.  相似文献   

Serum steroid concentrations and development of reproductive organs during puberty in male bonnethead sharks, Sphyrna tiburo     

J. Gelsleichter  L.E.L. Rasmussen  C.A. Manire  J. Tyminski  B. Chang  L. Lombardi-Carlson 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2002,26(4):389-401

Puberty is a critical, hormone-mediated event during which an animal acquires the ability to breed and propagate. Despite the importance of this stage in animal reproduction, little is known regarding the physiological factors that regulate and/or accompany puberty in several vertebrate groups including elasmobranchs. To address the need for such information, the present study investigated morphological and hormonal changes that occur during puberty in male bonnethead sharks (Sphyrna tiburo). Serial changes in development of claspers, paired copulatory organs in male elasmobranchs, and serum steroid concentrations during puberty were evaluated in captive-held male S. tiburo. Captive-animal studies were supplemented by observations on gonadal development, gonaduct morphology, and serum steroid concentrations in feral, peripubertal male S. tiburo. Changes in size and histological architecture of testes and gonaducts of peripubertal sharks mirrored the seasonal progression of events that occur in these structures in mature males. Claspers grew in length continuously during puberty, but sharks did not reach functional maturity until a short period before mating activity commences in the mature population. Clasper growth appeared to be strictly regulated in S. tiburo, perhaps to ensure growth of these organs to sizes deemed critical for reproductive success. Serum concentrations of testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, progesterone, and 17β-estradiol increased in both captive and feral sharks during pubertal development, and may be associated with development of the gonads and gonaducts. Differences in hormone profiles of captive and feral sharks were observed at certain periods during puberty, but their origin remains unclear. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Reproductive biology of the cardinalfish Apogon lineatus in Tokyo Bay, Japan     

Gen Kume  Atsuko Yamaguchi  Ichiro Aoki and  Toru Taniuchi 《Fisheries Science》2000,66(5):947-954

  相似文献   

支持细胞中促卵泡素信号通路研究进展   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

高小燕  孙燕  张家骅 《动物医学进展》2006,27(5):1-5

支持细胞在精子生成过程中起重要作用,支持细胞的数量决定睾丸大小、生精细胞数量以及最终生成精子数量。促卵泡素作为保证雄性生育能力的重要激素之一,通过与支持细胞上的促卵泡素受体结合,诱导5种信号途径,导致支持细胞中各类转录因子被激活,引起基因表达发生变化,从而保证生精细胞顺利发育成精子。文章主要围绕支持细胞中促卵泡素信号途径,及其对细胞发育过程中相关基因表达的影响等方面进行了综述。  相似文献   

东方次睾吸虫电镜研究 Ⅲ、精子和精子发生     

陆雅君  潘雅玲 《上海交通大学学报(农业科学版)》1990,(1)

本文应用透射电镜研究了东方次睾吸虫精子的超微结构及其发生过程。东方次睾吸虫的精子划分为3段:第1段主要包括核和一根鞭毛轴丝;第2段包括较细的核和两根鞭毛轴丝;第3段则由两根鞭毛轴丝组成。第1、2段合称为精子的头部,第3段称精子的尾部。鞭毛为9+“1”的形式,中心有螺旋形的结构。精子发生过程与其他吸虫基本相同。精母细胞和精子细胞都呈玫瑰花状排列。精子细胞成熟过程中出现特殊的分化区域,许多微管排列在膜的内侧,核向分化区域旋转、移动和浓缩;附近出现两对带有小根的中心粒,两根鞭毛由此突出。  相似文献   

成年大鼠睾丸去精索上神经对睾丸功能及肾上腺素能受体表达的影响     

霍书英  马爱进  武现军  李玉荣 《中国畜牧兽医》2011,38(2):119-124

试验旨在研究精索上神经（superior spermatic nerve,SSN）对睾丸功能的影响,25只成年Wistar大鼠随机分为2组,试验组左右睾丸切除精索上神经,手术30 d后两组大鼠同时处死取样分析。结果显示,睾丸去精索上神经不影响睾丸指数的大小但使附睾尾精子数极显著降低（P＜0.01）,平均日增重显著增加（P＜0.05）。增殖细胞核抗原（PCNA）免疫组织化学染色结果显示,睾丸去精索上神经不影响曲细精管精原细胞和初级精母细胞的增殖,但影响曲细精管的形态和生殖细胞的规则排列。RT-PCR结果显示,睾丸去精索上神经明显上调β1AR mRNA的表达,下调β2AR mRNA的表达;另外切除精索上神经不影响睾丸3β-羟胆固醇脱氢酶（3β-HSD）mRNA表达,但显著抑制类固醇快速调节蛋白（StAR）、胆固醇侧链裂解酶（P450scc）mRNA表达（P＜0.05）。结果表明,支配睾丸的精索上神经通过调节肾上腺素能受体β1AR和β2AR的表达及StAR和P450scc影响睾丸睾酮的合成和精子的发生。  相似文献