Effects of chronic dietary thiamethoxam and prothioconazole exposure on Apis mellifera worker adults and brood     

Sarah C Wood  Igor Medici de Mattos  Ivanna V Kozii  Colby D Klein  Ihor Dvylyuk  Crystani D A Folkes  Roney de Carvalho Macedo Silva  Igor Moshynskyy  Tasha Epp  Elemir Simko 《Pest management science》2020,76(1):85-94

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Metabolic responses of tea (Camellia sinensis L.) to the insecticide thiamethoxam     

Weiting Jiao  Ping Zhang  Chuanjian Cui  Min Yan  Qing X. Li  Yongfeng Tang  Nan Zhang  Xinyi Wang  Ruyan Hou  Rimao Hua 《Pest management science》2023,79(10):3570-3580

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硝酸盐对硅胶表面噻虫嗪的光敏化降解的初步研究     

刘国光  娄淑芳  郑立庆  李维 《农业环境科学学报》2006,25(6):1649-1653

以硅胶模拟土壤颗粒,研究了噻虫嗪在硅胶表面的光解作用。通过正交实验,研究了萃取剂种类、萃取剂用量、萃取时间,以及噻虫嗪在硅胶上的负载量等因素对萃取效果的影响,确定了最佳萃取条件。通过对照NO-3存在与否2种情况下噻虫嗪的光解情况,考察了NO3-对噻虫嗪光解作用的影响。结果表明,在氙灯照射下,噻虫嗪的半衰期与硝酸钾的负载量有关,随着硝酸钾含量的增加,噻虫嗪的半衰期有明显降低,速率常数相应增大,硝酸盐对噻虫嗪的光解有促进作用。随着光照强度的增大,噻虫嗪的半衰期也相应缩短。  相似文献   

增效剂对常用烟碱类杀虫剂防治棉蚜的减量增效作用     

张谦  王燕  黄山松  董明  冯国艺  王永强  刘旭  梁青龙  林永增  祁虹  王树林 《新疆农业科学》2021,58(8):1435-1440

【目的】研究添加增效剂对常用烟碱类杀虫剂吡虫啉和噻虫嗪防治棉蚜的增效作用,为增效剂和杀虫剂的科学高效利用提供数据基础。【方法】采用田间小区喷雾试验,测定增效剂的适宜用量,对比分析杀虫剂田间常规用量减少10%、20%、30%后添加增效剂对棉蚜的防效。【结果】0.15% Fieldor Max EC对烟碱类杀虫剂吡虫啉和噻虫嗪具有明显的增效作用,适宜用量为450.0~ 675.0 mL/hm²;杀虫剂减量后配施增效剂对棉蚜防效增加或相当,药后1 d,70%吡虫啉WG和25%噻虫嗪WG减量10%~30%后添加增效剂,防效分别为65.5%~81.4%和62.2%~78.5%,减量10%和20%防效显著高于常规用量,减量30%防效与常规用量差异不显著;药后3 d,70%吡虫啉WG和25%噻虫嗪WG减量10%~30%后添加增效剂,防效分别为68.4%~85.2%和63.5%~79.6%,减量10%和20%防效显著高于常规用量,减量30%防效与常规用量差异不显著;药后7 d,70%吡虫啉WG和25%噻虫嗪WG减量10%~30%后添加增效剂,防效分别为59.2%~78.5%和56.5%~71.1%,减量10%和20%防效显著高于常规用量,减量30%防效与常规用量差异不显著。【结论】增效剂0.15% Fieldor Max EC对吡虫啉和噻虫嗪具有明显的减量增效作用,推荐使用量为450~ 675 mL/hm²;减少吡虫啉和噻虫嗪用量10%~20%后添加增效剂,对棉蚜防效显著高于常规用量,减量30%防效与常规用量差异不显著,利用增效剂减少杀虫剂使用量和提高防治效果具有较好的应用价值。  相似文献   

Comparing the Impact of a Neonicotinoid and Biorational Agroneem on Herbivorous and Beneficial Arthropods on Cowpea and Tomato     

Jude Akamu Ewunkem  ;Louis Ernest Ndiva Jackai  ;Henry Osofuhene-Sintim  ;Beatrice Nuck Dingha 《农业科学与技术》2014,(7):585-596

Cowpea （Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.） and tomato （Lycopersicum esculentum L. Karst） are attacked by a wide range of insect pests worldwide. In many cases, pesticides are used to control the pests. In 2010 and 2011, we conducted field experiments to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of a biorational （Agroneem~） and conventional pesticide （imidacloprid or thiamethoxam） on insect pests of these crops. In the first year, two varieties of cowpea （Mississippi Silver and Pinkeye Purple Hull） and two of tomato （Mariana and German Johnson） were used; in the second year, the better performing of each group （Mississippi Silver and Mariana） were used for the study. A split-plot design with four replications in Year 1, and a randomized complete block design with six treatment combinations in Year 2. In the first year, both pesticide groups were applied following manufacturer＇s recommendation （10-14 d cycles）; and in the second year, the application of the pesticides was driven by economic thresholds level （ETL） of insect pests. The most prevalent species of insects recorded in both crops were in the families： Chrysomelidae, Pentatomidae, Cicadellidae, Vespidae, Sarcophagidae, Thripidae and Sphingidae. In both years, the diversity of insects on cowpea was greater than on tomato and more insects were observed in the second year compared to the first, despite the absence of significant difference （P 〉 0.05） between varieties in the treated plots. The yield of cowpea and tomato was comparable in all sprayed plots.  相似文献   

噻虫嗪在农田土壤中环境行为的研究进展   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2  

刘娟  张乃明 《土壤》2020,52(5):883-890

噻虫嗪是当前全球销售量最大的新烟碱类农药之一，随着噻虫嗪的广泛使用，噻虫嗪在土壤环境中的迁移转化和归宿问题成为研究热点。本文总结了噻虫嗪对陆生生物（蜜蜂、蚕、蚯蚓、鹌鹑）、水生生物（藻类、大型溞、斑马鱼等）以及土壤微生物的影响，系统综述了噻虫嗪在农田土壤中的残留、降解、吸附解析以及迁移与淋溶等环境行为及主要影响因素，并指出了噻虫嗪在农田土壤中环境行为相关研究存在的不足以及未来研究应该关注的重点和方向，以期为噻虫嗪的科学安全使用以及保障农田土壤生态环境健康提供科学依据。  相似文献   

Effectiveness of thiamethoxam and imidacloprid seed treatments against Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) on cotton     

Zhang L  Greenberg SM  Zhang Y  Liu TX 《Pest management science》2011,67(2):226-232

BACKGROUND: Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) biotype B is one of the most important pests on cotton around the world. Laboratory, greenhouse and field experiments were conducted to determine the efficacy of thiamethoxam and imidacloprid seed treatments against B. tabaci on cotton. RESULTS: Under laboratory conditions, the two treatments caused whitefly adult mortality, reduced oviposition and increased mortality of nymphs at 10, 20, 30 and 40 days after germination (DAG). The longer the adults fed on plants from treated seeds, the higher the mortality. The two treatments did not have any effect on eggs. The efficacy of the treated seeds against B. tabaci gradually decreased from 10 to 40 DAG, being the lowest at 40 DAG. In laboratory experiments, the efficacies between the two treatments were similar. In greenhouse experiments, the two treatments were equally effective with lower numbers of whiteflies than untreated controls. With both treatments the concentrations of the active ingredient were gradually reduced with aging of the plants and from the bottom to the top leaves of the plants. Numbers of live whiteflies were well correlated with the dosage of active ingredients. Under field conditions, the seeds treated with both insecticides exhibited similar efficacy against B. tabaci for up to ～2 months. CONCLUSION: Cotton seeds treated with imidacloprid and thiamethoxam were effective against B. tabaci for up to 45 days under laboratory and greenhouse conditions, and up to ～2 months under field conditions. Use of imidacloprid‐ and thiamethoxam‐treated seeds can be an important alternative for management of whiteflies on cotton. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

Spatial and temporal distribution of imidacloprid and thiamethoxam in citrus and impact on Homalodisca coagulata populations     

Castle SJ  Byrne FJ  Bi JL  Toscano NC 《Pest management science》2005,61(1):75-84

Titers of two systemic neonicotinoid insecticides in citrus trees were measured in conjunction with conventional evaluations of their impact on glassy-winged sharpshooter (Homalodisca coagulata (Say); GWSS) populations. Xylem fluid samples were collected at regular intervals and from multiple locations within field-grown citrus trees to determine imidacloprid and thiamethoxam concentrations using commercial ELISA kits. Uptake profiles varied considerably with peak mean titers of imidacloprid occurring 6-8 weeks after application compared with 2 weeks for thiamethoxam. The persistence of each compound also varied as near-peak levels of imidacloprid were sustained for another 6-10 weeks before gradually declining. In contrast, thiamethoxam titers declined more rapidly after the initial peak, possibly reflecting an application rate only one-quarter of that used for imidacloprid. Within-tree distributions were more similar for the two compounds, with no significant effect due to height of the sample (upper or lower half) or to the quadrant location within the tree, with the exception of one quadrant in the thiamethoxam-treated trees. Substantial reductions in GWSS nymphs and adults were observed in imidacloprid-treated trees during the 2001 trial and were sustained for 4-5 months after treatment. Treatment effects on nymphs were not as well pronounced in the 2002 trial, when overall GWSS infestations were much reduced from the previous year. However, consistently lower adult infestations were still observed in 2002 for both treatments compared with untreated trees. Information on the spatial and temporal profiles in citrus trees was obtained for both compounds to complement field impact data and improve understanding of their pest management potential.  相似文献   

几种药剂对橄榄星室木虱的田间防治效果     

邢树文  马泽松 《湖北农业科学》2012,51(7):1355-1357

采用小区田间试验法筛选防治星室木虱(Pseudophacopteron canarium Yang et Li)的速效、长效药剂.结果表明,单药剂处理组喷施25％噻虫嗪WG 7 500倍稀释液后平均防效为79.90％,且药剂持效期较长;混合药剂处理组喷施2.5％高效氯氟氰菊酯EW 2 500倍稀释液+25％噻嗪酮WP 1 000倍稀释液、2.5％高效氯氟氰菊酯EW 2 500稀释液+25％噻虫嗪WG 7 500倍稀释液、24％灭多威SL 1 000倍稀释液+25％噻嗪酮WP 1 000倍稀释液后,其平均药剂防效分别为90.23％、91.53％和90.07％;与24％灭多威SL1 000倍稀释液处理相比差异均达极显著水平;各药剂处理与空白对照相比差异均达极显著水平.  相似文献   

噻虫嗪及其代谢物噻虫胺在节瓜中的消解动态及初步膳食风险评估     

刘艳萍  王思威  孙海滨  王潇楠 《农药学学报》2018,20(2):211-216

为明确噻虫嗪在节瓜上的残留行为,于2015年在广东和上海两地进行了噻虫嗪在节瓜上的规范田间残留试验,建立了节瓜中噻虫嗪及其代谢物噻虫胺残留量的高效液相色谱-串联质谱 (HPLC-MS/MS) 检测方法。样品用乙腈提取,经氨基固相萃取小柱净化,HPLC-MS/MS 检测,外标法定量。结果表明:噻虫嗪在节瓜上的消解半衰期为4.98~5.84 d;采用25%噻虫嗪水分散粒剂 (WG),分别按有效成分75和112.5 g/hm2 的剂量于幼果期开始施药,施药2~3次,每次施药间隔期为7~10 d,距最后一次施药后3、5、7 d 采样测定,节瓜中噻虫嗪和噻虫胺的残留量分别为0.010~0.422 mg/kg和 <0.010~0.020 mg/kg。膳食摄入风险初步评估结果显示:其风险商值 (RQ) 为0.044,表明噻虫嗪的长期膳食摄入风险较低。目前中国尚未制定噻虫嗪在节瓜上的最大允许残留限量 (MRL) 标准,根据试验结果,建议中国可将噻虫嗪在节瓜上的MRL值暂定为1 mg/kg。  相似文献