| 水稻机栽钵苗单穴苗数对分蘖成穗及产量的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 宋云生,张洪程,戴其根,杨大柳,郭保卫,朱聪聪,霍中洋,许轲,魏海燕,胡加敏,吴爱国,蒋晓鸿.水稻机栽钵苗单穴苗数对分蘖成穗及产量的影响[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(10):37-47. |
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| 作者姓名： | 宋云生 张洪程 戴其根 杨大柳 郭保卫 朱聪聪 霍中洋 许轲 魏海燕 胡加敏 吴爱国 蒋晓鸿 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 扬州大学农业部长江流域稻作技术创新中心，扬州 225009;;1. 扬州大学农业部长江流域稻作技术创新中心，扬州 225009;;1. 扬州大学农业部长江流域稻作技术创新中心，扬州 225009;;1. 扬州大学农业部长江流域稻作技术创新中心，扬州 225009;;1. 扬州大学农业部长江流域稻作技术创新中心，扬州 225009;;1. 扬州大学农业部长江流域稻作技术创新中心，扬州 225009;;1. 扬州大学农业部长江流域稻作技术创新中心，扬州 225009;;1. 扬州大学农业部长江流域稻作技术创新中心，扬州 225009;;1. 扬州大学农业部长江流域稻作技术创新中心，扬州 225009;;1. 扬州大学农业部长江流域稻作技术创新中心，扬州 225009;;2. 江苏省泰州市姜堰区农业委员会，泰州 225529;;3. 常州亚美柯机械设备有限公司，常州 213023; |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金（30971732）；国家粮食丰产科技工程（2011BAD16B03）；南方超级粳稻机械化轻简化（超）高产高效栽培技术集成创新（农业部专项）项目资助 |
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| 摘 要： | 为探明机栽(插)水稻钵苗单穴苗数对其分蘖成穗及产量的影响。该文以常规粳稻武运粳24号为材料,在不同单穴苗数条件下,研究了水稻的分蘖与成穗规律以及产量形成特征。结果表明:1)机插钵苗主茎第1~9蘖位及其同伸二级蘖位均有一定比例发生分蘖并成穗,受单穴苗数影响较大。该品种水稻钵盘每钵成苗1、2株有利于促发秧田期第1~2蘖位的低位分蘖,大田单穴相应插植1、2苗可提升第8蘖位高位分蘖及二级蘖位分蘖发生率,最终穗数主要为分蘖成穗,来源蘖位较广;单穴3、4苗可促进中部第6~7蘖位分蘖发生,分蘖穗主要来源于第5~7中位蘖和少量低位蘖及二级分蘖;单穴苗数增至每穴5、6苗,各蘖位分蘖发生率及成穗率显著降低,主要依靠主茎和中位蘖成穗。各处理中部蘖位分蘖具有较高成穗率,是分蘖穗及总穗数的主要来源。2)产量表现为单穴3、4苗较高,5、6苗次之,1、2苗较低。单穴苗数与有效穗数呈极显著正相关,与每穗粒数呈极显著负相关,二者是决定产量变化的重要构成因素。通过解析单穴苗数对产量的多元回归函数,并综合产量实际表现,认为常规粳稻品种(偏大穗型)以育秧田每钵成苗3~4株、大田单穴插植3~4苗为宜。该文揭示了钵苗机栽(插)水稻分蘖成穗规律,并为大面积生产中钵苗育秧适宜用种量和插植苗数提供技术依据。
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| 关 键 词： | 农业机械 试验 农作物 单穴苗数 钵苗机插 分蘖成穗 产量 |
| 收稿时间： | 2014/1/15 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2014/4/22 0:00:00 |
Effect of rice potted-seedlings per hole by mechanical transplanting on tillers emergence, panicles formation and yield |
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| Song Yunsheng,Zhang Hongcheng,Dai Qigen,Yang Daliu,Guo Baowei,Zhu Congcong,Huo Zhongyang,Xu Ke,Wei Haiyan,Hu Jiamin,Wu Aiguo and Jiang Xiaohong.Effect of rice potted-seedlings per hole by mechanical transplanting on tillers emergence, panicles formation and yield[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2014,30(10):37-47. |
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| Authors: | Song Yunsheng Zhang Hongcheng Dai Qigen Yang Daliu Guo Baowei Zhu Congcong Huo Zhongyang Xu Ke Wei Haiyan Hu Jiamin Wu Aiguo and Jiang Xiaohong |
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| Institution: | 1. Innovation Center of Rice Cultivation Technology in Yangtze Valley, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China;;1. Innovation Center of Rice Cultivation Technology in Yangtze Valley, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China;;1. Innovation Center of Rice Cultivation Technology in Yangtze Valley, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China;;1. Innovation Center of Rice Cultivation Technology in Yangtze Valley, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China;;1. Innovation Center of Rice Cultivation Technology in Yangtze Valley, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China;;1. Innovation Center of Rice Cultivation Technology in Yangtze Valley, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China;;1. Innovation Center of Rice Cultivation Technology in Yangtze Valley, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China;;1. Innovation Center of Rice Cultivation Technology in Yangtze Valley, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China;;1. Innovation Center of Rice Cultivation Technology in Yangtze Valley, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China;;1. Innovation Center of Rice Cultivation Technology in Yangtze Valley, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China;;2. Agriculture Committee of Jiangyan District, Taizhou City, Jiangsu Province, Taizhou 225529, China;;3. Changzhou AMEC Machinery & Equipment Co., Ltd, Changzhou 213023, China; |
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| Abstract: | Abstract: The technology of rice potted-seedlings, which adopts a new type of transplanter, is one of the feasible approaches to explore the new models of rice planting mechanization in China. Plastic pots in the rice potted-seedling tray, which are independent of each other, are used to cultivate strong seedlings with a complete nutrition clod wrapped around their root systems. And then the seedlings are transplanted without injury in the field with a certain line of planting distance. In recent years, the research and extension have fully proved the production demonstration effect around China. In order to promote the combination and application of agricultural machinery with its supporting agronomy technology, this paper attempted to ascertain the rulers of tillers and the appropriate seedlings per hole for high-yield cultivation of rice potted-seedlings in mechanical transplanting. Wuyunjing24 was selected as the experimental material to investigate tillers emerging, panicles formation, and yield characteristics under different seedlings per hole. The results indicated: the tillers from the 1st to 9th tilling positions of the main stem and the simultaneous secondary tillers, which were greatly influenced by the seedlings per hole, had emerged and formed panicles in certain proportion. It was beneficial for the emerging of the low tillers from 1st and 2nd tilling positions when there were 1 or 2 strains of plants per plastic hole during the seedling period. Accordingly, the high tillers from the 8th tilling position and secondary tillers got a higher level of tilling rate during the field period. The number of final panicles was mainly from tillers with wide source parts in the maturation stage. The middle tillers from the 3rd and 4th tilling positions were promoted under the condition of 3 or 4 seedlings per hole, with the final panicles mainly from the 5th to 7th tilling positions while also a little bit low and the secondary tillers. When the seedlings per hole increased to 5 or 6 seedlings, the tilling rate and productive tiller percentage of each leaf significantly declined, with the final panicles mainly counting on the main stem and the middle tillers. The tillers from the middle positions showed a higher productive tiller percentage, and the tillers were the main source of the final panicles and the tiller panicles. The harvest yield of 5 or 6 seedlings per hole was lower than that from 3 or 4 seedlings per hole, but was higher than that from 1 or 2 seedlings per hole. There was a positive correlation between the population base and the effective panicles, and a negative correlation between seedlings per hole and grain per panicle; panicles and grain per panicle were the fundamental factors in deciding the yield. The suitable population base of the normal japonica rice, Wuyunjing24, with a large fringe, was 3-4 strains of plants per plastic hole, 3-4 seedlings per hole, through analysis of the multiple regression function of seedlings per hole on yield and consistent with the harvest yield. The experiment indicated the rules of tillers emergence and panicles formation for rice potted-seedling in mechanical transplanting, which provided a theoretical basis for the density of sowing and planting of the farm equipment in field production. According to the tilling characteristics of rice potted-seedlings, management measures of manure and water should be studied, for giving full play to the middle tillers of main stem. Appropriate seedlings per hole is the premise of high-yield cultivation, which particularly increases the grain yield, not only the panicle numbers, the grain numbers, setting percentage, and the gain weights but also for more harmonious yield factors. |
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| Keywords: | agricultural machinery experiments crops seedlings per hole rice potted-seedling of mechanical transplanting tillers emergence and panicles formation yield |
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