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| 基于APSIM模型的灌溉降低冬小麦产量风险研究 | |
| 引用本文： | 李 艳,薛昌颖,杨晓光,王 靖,刘 园,Enli Wang.基于APSIM模型的灌溉降低冬小麦产量风险研究[J].农业工程学报,2009,25(10):35-44. |
| 作者姓名： | 李 艳 薛昌颖 杨晓光 王 靖 刘 园 Enli Wang |
| 作者单位： | 1. 中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京,100193;北京华风气象影视信息集团有限责任公司,北京,100081 2. 河南省气象科学研究所,郑州,450003 3. 中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京,100193 4. 澳大利亚联邦科工组织土地与水研究所,澳大利亚堪培拉,GPO,Box,1666 |
| 基金项目： | 国家重点基础研究发展计划（973计划）课题（2009CB118608）；公益性行业（农业）科研专项项目（200803028）；农业部948项目(2006-G52A-Q08)部分研究内容 |
| 摘 要： | 华北平原是我国冬小麦主产区，干旱是影响该地区冬小麦产量稳定的最主要的灾害之一。进行产量风险评估以及如何通过灌溉降低干旱产量风险对于该地区冬小麦稳产高产具有重要的现实意义。该文利用澳大利亚的APSIM农业生产系统模拟模型，以华北平原北京和山东禹城为例，分析了不同降水年型条件下冬小麦的产量风险；通过不同灌溉方案的设计和模拟，分析了不同的灌溉方案在各种年型条件下对降低冬小麦产量风险的作用。结果表明：北京和禹城地区冬小麦生育期内绝大部分年份降水不能满足作物的需水，严重缺水年型出现的频率均在30%左右，两地该年型的平均产量仅为2 445和2 466 kg/hm2，产量风险较高。灌溉对于降低产量风险具有明显的作用，但需根据不同的缺水年型选择适宜的灌溉方案。在兼顾冬小麦稳产高产和提高水分利用效率的前提下，严重和中度缺水年型进行3次补充灌溉，分别为底墒水、拔节水和开花水，而在轻度缺水年型条件下，底墒水和拔节水两次灌溉即可大大降低干旱带来的产量风险，灌水定额为50～70 mm，且随缺水程度的降低和灌溉次数的增加，可以适当减小灌水定额。 |
| 关 键 词： | 作物，灌溉，风险分析，模型，APSIM，冬小麦 |
| 收稿时间： | 2009/4/20 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2009/10/9 0:00:00 |
Reduction of yield risk of winter wheat by appropriate irrigation based on APSIM model |
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| Li Yan,Xue Changying,Yang Xiaoguang,Wang Jing,Liu Yuan and Enli Wang.Reduction of yield risk of winter wheat by appropriate irrigation based on APSIM model[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2009,25(10):35-44. | |
| Authors: | Li Yan Xue Changying Yang Xiaoguang Wang Jing Liu Yuan and Enli Wang |
| Institution: | 1. College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;3. China Meteorological Administration Huafeng Group of Meteorological Audio and Video Information, Beijing 100081, China,2. Henan Institute of Meteorological Science, Zhengzhou 450003, China,1. College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China,1. College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China,1. College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China and 4. CSIRO Land and Water, GPO Box 1666, Clunies Ross ST, Canberra ACT, Australia |
| Abstract: | The North China Plain (NCP) is the main winter wheat production area in China. However, grain yield of winter wheat is often threatened by drought, leading to a high risk of yield. Assessment on yield risk and study on how to reduce yield risk by appropriate irrigations could provide suitable instructions for irrigation management and increasing yield. By using the simulation model APSIM, taking Beijing and Yucheng as case study areas, yield risk of winter wheat in those two areas were evaluated firstly. Then irrigation schemes were designed and their contributions to reduce yield risk in different rainfall years were analyzed. Results indicated that in most years, rainfall could not meet the requirement of wheat, and in 30% of years water shortage reached serious degree. In serious drought years, yields of winter wheat were only 2 445 and 2 466 kg/hm2 in Beijing and Yucheng, respectively. After irrigation, yield risk was reduced greatly, while the appropriate irrigation schemes were varied in different rainfall year types. Synthetically considering reducing yield risk and increasing water use efficiency, three irrigations are appropriate to be given in serious and medium drought years at the stage of before sowing, jointing and flowering. For light drought years, two irrigations at the stage of before sowing and jointing, respectively, are sufficient to reduce yield risk as low as possible. |
| Keywords: | crops irrigation risk analysis models APSIM winter wheat |
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