| 基于产量及环境友好的玉米氮肥投入阈值确定 |
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| 引用本文： | 张君,赵沛义,潘志华,段玉,李焕春,王博,景宇鹏,董智强.基于产量及环境友好的玉米氮肥投入阈值确定[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(12):136-143. |
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| 作者姓名： | 张君 赵沛义 潘志华 段玉 李焕春 王博 景宇鹏 董智强 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京 100193;内蒙古农牧业科学院资源环境与检测技术研究所,呼和浩特 010031;内蒙古旱作农业重点实验室,呼和浩特 010031;农业部武川农业环境科学观测实验站,呼和浩特 011705;农业部内蒙古耕地保育科学观测实验站,呼和浩特 011705;2. 内蒙古农牧业科学院资源环境与检测技术研究所,呼和浩特 010031;内蒙古旱作农业重点实验室,呼和浩特 010031;农业部武川农业环境科学观测实验站,呼和浩特 011705;农业部内蒙古耕地保育科学观测实验站,呼和浩特 011705;3. 中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京 100193;农业部武川农业环境科学观测实验站,呼和浩特 011705;农业部内蒙古耕地保育科学观测实验站,呼和浩特 011705 |
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| 基金项目： | 公益性行业（农业）科研专项（201503120，201003014-04）；国家自然科学基金项目（41271110，41371232）；国家科技支撑计划（2012BAD09B02）；公益性行业（气象）科研专项（GYHY201506016）。 |
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| 摘 要： | 为了寻求河套灌区玉米高产与环境友好双赢的氮肥投入阈值,该文采用田间试验和室内分析化验相结合的方法,在内蒙古五原县连续三年定位研究了不同施氮水平对河套灌区玉米产量、土壤N素残留量及氮平衡的影响。结果表明:随着施氮量的增加,籽实产量呈先增加后下降的趋势,2 m土壤矿质氮质量分数呈指数增加趋势。随着施氮量及施氮年限的增加,土壤剖面N素含量呈增加趋势。随着土壤深度的增加,在0~80 cm土层间土壤N素含量呈下降趋势。盈余率为0时,施氮量为237 kg/hm2,籽实产量为13.7 t/hm2,2 m土壤矿质氮为478 kg/hm2,土壤氮素回收率为24%,植株氮素回收率为41%,土壤-玉米系统总回收率为65%;95%最高产量到最高产量为13.2~13.9 t/hm2,对应施氮量为193~291 kg/hm2,2 m土壤矿质氮为419~563 kg/hm2,氮素盈余率为-19%~23%,土壤氮素回收率为21%~26%,植株氮素回收率为41%,土壤-玉米系统总回收率为62%~67%。施氮量193~291 kg/hm2是既保证玉米产量又满足土壤氮素盈余较少、土壤-玉米系统氮素回收较高的合理施氮阈值。该研究为河套灌区玉米合理施用氮肥提供了科学依据。
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| 关 键 词： | 作物 氮 土壤 玉米产量 施氮水平 氮素残留 投入阈值 环境友好 |
| 收稿时间： | 2016/2/25 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2016/4/18 0:00:00 |
Determination of input threshold of nitrogen fertilizer based on environment-friendly agriculture and maize yield |
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| Zhang Jun,Zhao Peiyi,Pan Zhihu,Duan Yu,Li Huanchun,Wang Bo,Jing Yupeng and Dong Zhiqiang.Determination of input threshold of nitrogen fertilizer based on environment-friendly agriculture and maize yield[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2016,32(12):136-143. |
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| Authors: | Zhang Jun Zhao Peiyi Pan Zhihu Duan Yu Li Huanchun Wang Bo Jing Yupeng and Dong Zhiqiang |
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| Institution: | 1. College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; 2. Institute of Resources and Environment and Testing Technology Sciences, IMAAAHS, Hohhot 010031, China; 3. Inner Mongolia Key laboratory of Dryland Farming, Hohhot 010031, China; 4. Wuchuan Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Agro-Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Hohhot 011705, China; 5. Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Arable Land Conservation (Inner Mongolia), Hohhot 011705, China,2. Institute of Resources and Environment and Testing Technology Sciences, IMAAAHS, Hohhot 010031, China; 3. Inner Mongolia Key laboratory of Dryland Farming, Hohhot 010031, China; 4. Wuchuan Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Agro-Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Hohhot 011705, China; 5. Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Arable Land Conservation (Inner Mongolia), Hohhot 011705, China,1. College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; 4. Wuchuan Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Agro-Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Hohhot 011705, China; 5. Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Arable Land Conservation (Inner Mongolia), Hohhot 011705, China,2. Institute of Resources and Environment and Testing Technology Sciences, IMAAAHS, Hohhot 010031, China; 3. Inner Mongolia Key laboratory of Dryland Farming, Hohhot 010031, China; 4. Wuchuan Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Agro-Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Hohhot 011705, China; 5. Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Arable Land Conservation (Inner Mongolia), Hohhot 011705, China,2. Institute of Resources and Environment and Testing Technology Sciences, IMAAAHS, Hohhot 010031, China; 3. Inner Mongolia Key laboratory of Dryland Farming, Hohhot 010031, China; 4. Wuchuan Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Agro-Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Hohhot 011705, China; 5. Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Arable Land Conservation (Inner Mongolia), Hohhot 011705, China,2. Institute of Resources and Environment and Testing Technology Sciences, IMAAAHS, Hohhot 010031, China; 3. Inner Mongolia Key laboratory of Dryland Farming, Hohhot 010031, China; 4. Wuchuan Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Agro-Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Hohhot 011705, China; 5. Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Arable Land Conservation (Inner Mongolia), Hohhot 011705, China,2. Institute of Resources and Environment and Testing Technology Sciences, IMAAAHS, Hohhot 010031, China; 3. Inner Mongolia Key laboratory of Dryland Farming, Hohhot 010031, China; 4. Wuchuan Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Agro-Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Hohhot 011705, China; 5. Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Arable Land Conservation (Inner Mongolia), Hohhot 011705, China and 1. College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; 4. Wuchuan Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Agro-Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Hohhot 011705, China; 5. Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Arable Land Conservation (Inner Mongolia), Hohhot 011705, China |
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| Abstract: | Abstract: The purpose of this study was to get a win-win input threshold value of nitrogenous fertilizer. The three-year fertilization experiment was carried out in Wuyuan County, Hetao irrigated area, Inner Mongolia to study the effect of different nitrogen usage rate on maize yield, soil nitrogen residues and nitrogen balance. The experiment was conducted on the anthropogenic-alluvial soil with pH value of 8.5, organic matter content of 16. 17 g/kg, 18.76 mg/kg Olsen phosphorus (P) content, 149 mg/kg available potassium (K) content, 6.95 mg/kg ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N) content, 16.20 mg/kg nitrate nitrogen (NO3--N) content, and soil bulk density of 1.49 g/cm3. The supplied variety of maize was Haodan 168. Six N treatments (0, 135, 180, 225, 270 and 360 N kg/hm2 in 2011; 0, 180, 240, 300, 360 and 480 N kg/hm2 in 2012 and 2013) were randomly placed in 18 plots with 3 repetitions. Forty percentage of N fertilizer was incorporated into 0-20 cm surface soil before sowing. Meanwhile, concentrated superphosphate (150 P2O5 kg/hm2) and potassium chloride (75 K2O kg/hm2) as P and K fertilizer were applied to soil before sowing. Sixty percentage of N fertilizer was applied to soil at the huge bellbottom period. After harvest, soil N (NH4+-N and NO3--N) was monitored, grain yield and straw yield were calculated according to the weighed results from sampling small plot (30 m2). N recovery was calculated by the method of difference. N balance between N input and N output was calculated during the whole growth stage of maize. Results showed that the grain yield increased first and then decreased with the increase of N application rate. Moreover, the N storage in 2 m soil showed an exponentially increasing trend with the increase of N application rate. In addition, the soil profile N had an increasing trend with the increase of N application rate and year. However, the N content of soil layer showed a decreasing trend in 0-80 cm with the increase of soil depth. The N application rate, the grain yield, the mineral N in 2 m soil, the N recovery rate of soil, the N recovery rate of plant, and the N recovery rate of soil-maize system were 237 kg/hm2, 13.7 t/hm2, 478 kg/hm2, 24%, 41%, and 65%, respectively, and with these the N surplus was 0. The value between 95% of the highest yield and the highest yield was 13.2-13.9 t/hm2, whose N application rate, the mineral N in 2 m soil, the N surplus, the N recovery rate of soil, the N recovery rate of plant, and the N recovery rate of soil-maize system were 193-291 kg/hm2, 419-563 kg/hm2, -19%-23%, 21%-26%, 41%, and 62%-67%, respectively. As a result, the reasonable N input threshold of maize is 193-291 kg/hm2 in Hetao irrigated area, which can ensure the crop yield and low N surplus, and high N recovery rate in soil-maize system. This research can provide scientific basis for N application for maize production in Hetao irrigated area. |
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| Keywords: | crops nitrogen soils maize yield nitrogen levels nitrogen residual input threshold environment-friendly |
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