| 自动定向大蒜播种机的设计与试验 |
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| 引用本文： | 耿爱军,栗晓宇,侯加林,张智龙,张姬,崇峻.自动定向大蒜播种机的设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2018,34(11):17-25. |
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| 作者姓名： | 耿爱军 栗晓宇 侯加林 张智龙 张姬 崇峻 |
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| 作者单位： | 山东农业大学机械与电子工程学院;山东省园艺机械与装备重点实验室;济南华庆农业机械科技有限公司 |
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| 基金项目： | 山东省农机装备研发创新计划项目（2016YF009）;山东省重点研发计划项目（2016GNC112004）;国家特色蔬菜产业技术体系项目（CARS-24-D-01）;山东农业大学"双一流"园艺机械装备协同创新团队（SYL2017XTTD07） |
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| 摘 要： | 针对现有大蒜播种机难以满足蒜种"鳞芽朝上、直立栽种"农艺要求的问题,该文设计了一种大蒜自动定向播种机。该播种机主要由底盘、机架、种箱、取种装置、蒜种定向装置、插播装置、气动控制系统和镇压轮组成。采用链勺式取种方式完成单粒取种,利用三级锥形料斗实现蒜种鳞芽定向,通过鸭嘴式插播器实现直立栽种。设计了各关键部件结构,通过试验研究探明了影响取种效果和鳞芽定向效果的主要因素,确定了合理工作参数组合。以兰陵大蒜为试验对象,取种试验表明,当播种机行进速度0.10 m/s、振动机构振动作用力15 N、十字轮转速20 r/min时,单粒取种率为93.50%,多粒率为2.30%,漏取率为4.20%,综合取种效果最优;蒜种定向试验表明,当3级料斗尖锥半顶角依次为45°、40°和30°时,料斗安装间距100 mm、料斗打开间隔时间0.4 s时的鳞芽朝上率为94.44%,综合定向效果最优。大蒜播种机田间试验结果表明,上述参数组合下鳞芽朝上率为89.2%,重播率为3.2%,漏播率为2.0%,播种效率为500～650 m~2/h,满足大蒜播种农艺需求。该文研究结果为推动大蒜播种机械化和自动化发展提供参考。
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| 关 键 词： | 农业机械 农作物 设计 大蒜播种机 蒜种定向 单粒取种 直立栽种 |
| 收稿时间： | 2018/1/19 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2018/5/17 0:00:00 |
Design and experiment of automatic directing garlic planter |
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| Geng Aijun,Li Xiaoyu,Hou Jialin,Zhang Zhilong,Zhang Ji and Chong Jun.Design and experiment of automatic directing garlic planter[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2018,34(11):17-25. |
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| Authors: | Geng Aijun Li Xiaoyu Hou Jialin Zhang Zhilong Zhang Ji and Chong Jun |
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| Abstract: | Abstract: Garlic is one of the most important cash crops which cultivated widely in China. An enormous number of farms in developed countries have wide planting area, and almost all harvested garlic are sent to deep processing. Thus, there is poor requirement of garlic seed scaly direction. The high-level mechanization and automation garlic planter has been used in production as early as 1960s. In contrast, garlic is grown mostly in hills and plains, such as Hebei, Jiangsu and Shandong. The garlic planting time is about 20 days, the agronomic requirement of garlic planting is "scaly bud is upward while root is downward, and erectly planting". In view of this special agronomic requirement, the artificial planting mode has been used in a long time, that is farmers insert garlic seed into soil in accordance with agronomic requirement and then covering soil by hands. This mode has obvious disadvantages of great labour intensity, low working efficiency and high employment cast. In addition, most foreign garlic planters are not usually suitable for use in China. Thus, an efficient precision garlic planter plays a crucial role to the development of garlic planter mechanization in China. However, the bottleneck of garlic planter research and development is how to conquer garlic seed directing technology. On the basis of this present situation, a number of universities and related scientific research institutions have carried out a series of studies and achieved periodic results. An automatic directing garlic planter was designed in this study. In terms of it, there are seed taking device, garlic seed directing device, inserted planting device and pneumatic control system, and so on. The structure of key components had been designed. A small caterpillar base plate was applied to chassis, which reduced effectively the degree of soil compaction and powered by a diesel engine. The seed taking device is composed of chain drive, seed taking spoon, chain plate and vibrating mechanism. Garlic seeds have appearance characteristics of slender scaly bud, wide tail and shape of a half moon. Based on overall dimension of garlic seeds, a seed taking spoon was designed with length as 35 mm, width as 25 mm and depth as 15 mm. The seed taking spoons were mounted on chain plate with mode of staggered arrangement in double-rows, the longitudinal space of adjacent 2 groups seed taking spoons is calculated as 228 mm. The garlic seed directing device includes 3 stages conical hopper, hopper pointed conical half top angle decreases gradually which used to assist garlic seed in adjusting postures. The best angle combination is designed by experiment as 45°, 40° and 30°. The inserted planting device includes duckbill inserted planting apparatus and reciprocating lifting apparatus. The pneumatic control system was used for realizing precise matching between chassis, seed taking device and garlic seed directing device. The main influence factors of seed taking effect and seed scaly bud directing effect were proved through experiment study. Seed taking experiment result showed that the rate of taking single seed was 93.50 %, taking multiple seeds was 2.30 %, and miss taking was 4.20 % when planter speed was 0.10 m/s. The seed directing experiment result showed the rate of seed scaly upward was 94.44 % when longitudinal space between adjacent 2 stages hoppers was 100 mm and time interval of hoppers opening was 0.4 s. Field test results showed that the rate of seed scaly upward, sowing multiple seeds and miss sowing were 89.2 %, 3.2 % and 2.0 %, respectively, the productivity scope of garlic planter was from 500 to 650 m2/h, and all indexes meet the standard requirement of garlic planting. The planter exhibited a great performance. |
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| Keywords: | agricultural machinery crops design garlic planter garlic seed directing single seed taking erectly planting |
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